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Review

A Meta-Analysis of the Characterisations of Plastic Ingested by Fish Globally

by
Kok Ping Lim
1,2,
Phaik Eem Lim
2,*,
Sumiani Yusoff
2,
Chengjun Sun
3,
Jinfeng Ding
3 and
Kar Hoe Loh
2
1
Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
2
Institute of Ocean and Earth Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
3
Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Centre, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toxics 2022, 10(4), 186; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10040186
Submission received: 21 March 2022 / Revised: 4 April 2022 / Accepted: 8 April 2022 / Published: 11 April 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microplastics in Aquatic Environments: Occurrence, Distribution and Effects)
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Abstract

Plastic contamination in the environment is common but the characterisation of plastic ingested by fish in different environments is lacking. Hence, a meta-analysis was conducted to identify the prevalence of plastic ingested by fish globally. Based on a qualitative analysis of plastic size, it was determined that small microplastics (<1 mm) are predominantly ingested by fish globally. Furthermore, our meta-analysis revealed that plastic fibres (70.6%) and fragments (19.3%) were the most prevalent plastic components ingested by fish, while blue (24.2%) and black (18.0%) coloured plastic were the most abundant. Polyethylene (15.7%) and polyester (11.6%) were the most abundant polymers. Mixed-effect models were employed to identify the effects of the moderators (sampling environment, plastic size, digestive organs examined, and sampling continents) on the prevalence of plastic shape, colour, and polymer type. Among the moderators, only the sampling environment and continent contributed to a significant difference between subgroups in plastic shape and polymer type.
Keywords: microplastic; shape; colour; polymer type microplastic; shape; colour; polymer type
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MDPI and ACS Style

Lim, K.P.; Lim, P.E.; Yusoff, S.; Sun, C.; Ding, J.; Loh, K.H. A Meta-Analysis of the Characterisations of Plastic Ingested by Fish Globally. Toxics 2022, 10, 186. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10040186

AMA Style

Lim KP, Lim PE, Yusoff S, Sun C, Ding J, Loh KH. A Meta-Analysis of the Characterisations of Plastic Ingested by Fish Globally. Toxics. 2022; 10(4):186. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10040186

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lim, Kok Ping, Phaik Eem Lim, Sumiani Yusoff, Chengjun Sun, Jinfeng Ding, and Kar Hoe Loh. 2022. "A Meta-Analysis of the Characterisations of Plastic Ingested by Fish Globally" Toxics 10, no. 4: 186. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10040186

APA Style

Lim, K. P., Lim, P. E., Yusoff, S., Sun, C., Ding, J., & Loh, K. H. (2022). A Meta-Analysis of the Characterisations of Plastic Ingested by Fish Globally. Toxics, 10(4), 186. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10040186

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