Effect of Capsule Burst in Cigarette Filters on the Compound Composition of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Analytical Methods
2.2.1. Hoffmann List
2.2.2. Flavor Compound in Capsule (FCC)
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Hoffmann List in the Mainstream Smoke
3.2. Flavor Compound in Capsule (FCC) in Capsules and Mainstream
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | 3R4F | A | B | C | D |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Manufacturer | Kentucky University | PMI | KT&G | PMI | KT&G |
Tar Level (mg/cig) | 9.4 ± 1.38 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
Cigarette length (mm) | 84 ± 0.5 | 83 ± 0.5 | 100 ± 0.5 | 83 ± 0.5 | 100 ± 0.5 |
Filter length (mm) | 27 ± 0.5 | 25 ± 0.5 | 30 ± 0.5 | 25 ± 0.5 | 30 ± 0.5 |
Circumference (mm) | 25.13 ± 3.14 | 25.13 ± 3.14 | 17.28± 3.14 | 25.13 ± 3.14 | 17.28 ± 3.14 |
Capsule weight (mg) | - | 20.8 ± 0.1 | 10.7 ± 0.2 | 21.2 ± 0.1 | 10.9 ± 0.2 |
Size | KS | KS | SS | KS | SS |
Group | Compound | Analyzing Method |
---|---|---|
- | Nicotine | ISO 10315 |
Tar | ISO 10362 | |
CO | ISO 8454 | |
Amine | Ammonia | ISO 23919 |
Aromatic amine | 1 and 2-aminonaphthalene, 3 and 4—aminobiphenyl | T-102 |
Poly hydrocarbon (PAH) | benzo[α]pyrene | ISO 22364 |
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) | acrylonitrile, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, toluene | T-116 |
Semi-Volatile Organic Compound (Semi-VOC) | pyridine, quinoline, styrene | T-112 |
Cyanic compound | Hydrogen cyanide | T-107 |
Carbonyls | acetaldehyde, acetone, acrolein, 2-butanone, butyraldehyde, crotonaldehyde, formaldehyde, propionaldehyde | ISO 23922 |
Phenolics | catechol, m-cresol, o-cresol, p-cresol, hydroquinone, phenol, resorcinol | ISO 23905 |
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines | N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), N-nitrosoanatabine (NAT), N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) | ISO 19290 |
Heavy metal | Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), selenium (Se) | T-109 |
Mercury (Hg) | T-108 |
Analytes | Unit | 3R4F | A | B | C | D | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CB | NCB | CB | NCB | CB | NCB | CB | NCB | |||
Tar | mg/cig | 8.43 ± 0.25 | 5.91 ± 0.49 | 5.20 ± 0.11 | 4.53 ± 0.13 | 3.72 ± 0.20 | 1.21 ± 0.14 | 0.71 ± 0.14 | 1.31 ± 0.06 | 0.8 ± 0.21 |
Nicotine | mg/cig | 0.70 ± 0.01 | 0.44 ± 0.02 | 0.45 ± 0.01 | 0.35 ± 0.01 | 0.35 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.05 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.02 |
CO | mg/cig | 11.51 ± 0.19 | 6.35 ± 0.27 | 6.37 ± 0.04 | 3.49 ± 1.47 | 3.41 ± 0.04 | 2.14 ± 0.08 | 2.00 ± 0.16 | 0.88 ± 0.09 | 0.86 ± 0.10 |
Amine | ||||||||||
Ammonia | µg/cig | 28.03 ± 1.25 | 4.35 ± 0.35 | 4.10 ± 0.08 | 2.94 ± 0.14 | 2.55 ± 0.025 | 1.59 ± 0.10 | 1.84 ± 0.05 | 1.45 ± 0.08 | 1.57 ± 0.12 |
Aromatic amine | ||||||||||
1-aminonaphthalene | ng/cig | 9.12 ± 1.71 | 6.01 ± 0.17 | 5.75 ± 0.15 | 1.53 ± 0.05 | 1.46 ± 0.03 | 1.50 ± 0.04 | 1.44 ± 0.04 | 0.38 ± 0.02 | 0.36 ± 0.02 |
2-aminonaphthalene | ng/cig | 5.10 ± 2.79 | 4.26 ± 0.11 | 4.07 ± 0.08 | 0.60 ± 0.04 | 0.58 ± 0.05 | 1.07 ± 0.03 | 1.02 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 0.12 ± 0.04 |
3-aminobiphenyl | ng/cig | 2.27 ± 0.15 | 0.96 ± 0.01 | 0.92 ± 0.03 | 0.19 ± 0.02 | 0.18 ± 0.02 | 0.24 ± 0.01 | 0.23 ± 0.01 | N.Q | N.Q |
4-aminobiphenyl | ng/cig | 2.03 ± 0.15 | 1.40 ± 0.17 | 1.34 ± 0.15 | 0.62 ± 0.01 | 0.6 ± 0.01 | 0.35 ± 0.04 | 0.33 ± 0.04 | N.Q | N.Q |
PAH | ||||||||||
Benzo[α]pyrene | ng/cig | 6.33 ± 0.53 | 7.38 ± 0.50 | 6.73 ± 0.47 | 1.71 ± 0.26 | 1.63 ± 0.1 | 3.67 ± 0.16 | 3.50 ± 0.17 | 1.37 ± 0.31 | 1.19 ± 0.31 |
Carbonyls | ||||||||||
Acetaldehyde | µg/cig | 480.06 ± 59.17 | 234.09 ± 1.41 | 262.99 ± 0.58 | 126.01 ± 1.42 | 115.1 ± 0.38 | 53.41 ± 1.26 | 54.27 ± 0.24 | 30.25 ± 0.11 | 41.79 ± 0.09 |
Acetone | µg/cig | 188.03 ± 24.97 | 24.00 ± 0.16 | 27.04 ± 0.23 | 16.50 ± 0.13 | 15.84 ± 0.05 | 9.03 ± 0.54 | 9.37 ± 0.02 | 7.93 ± 0.02 | 9.17 ± 0.12 |
Acrolein | µg/cig | 45.49 ± 5.35 | 104.13 ± 2.49 | 121.43 ± 2.05 | 49.46 ± 1.20 | 51.80 ± 1.93 | 28.78 ± 0.99 | 29.26 ± 2.14 | 19.73 ± 1.50 | 26.37 ± 1.89 |
2-Butanone | µg/cig | 59.61 ± 6.95 | 30.03 ± 0.16 | 36.11 ± 0.14 | 16.45 ± 0.21 | 18.67 ± 0.05 | 9.26 ± 0.37 | 12.48 ± 0.05 | 10.84 ± 0.02 | 12.13 ± 0.05 |
Butyraldehyde | µg/cig | 24.96 ± 2.94 | 11.32 ±0.07 | 13.18 ± 0.05 | 4.68 ± 0.13 | 6.14 ± 0.42 | 2.51 ± 0.20 | 3.37 ± 0.05 | N.Q | N.Q |
Crotonaldehyde | µg/cig | 11.28 ± 3.49 | 9.52 ± 0.01 | 12.44 ± 0.17 | 4.45 ± 0.09 | 5.19 ± 0.02 | 1.91 ± 0.39 | 2.21 ± 0.04 | 1.59 ± 0.02 | 1.89 ± 0.06 |
Formaldehyde | µg/cig | 21.06 ± 5.31 | 21.69 ± 0.11 | 22.32 ± 0.05 | 21.3 ± 0.21 | 19.93 ± 0.11 | 18.57 ± 0.42 | 18.22 ± 0.02 | 15.70 ± 0.05 | 16.17 ± 0.09 |
Propionaldehyde | µg/cig | 39.82 ± 3.61 | 20.01 ± 0.16 | 23.19 ± 0.59 | 10.26 ± 0.12 | 10.56 ± 0.09 | 5.83 ± 0.32 | 6.04 ± 0.08 | 4.79 ± 0.04 | 4.95 ± 0.15 |
Cyanic compound | ||||||||||
HCN | µg/cig | 77.00 ± 1.25 | 55.47 ± 1.70 | 59.00 ± 2.29 | 28.25 ± 2.25 | 28.00 ± 1.56 | 4.58 ± 0.52 | 6.83 ± 0.38 | 6.08 ± 1.04 | 5.50 ± 0.50 |
Phenolics | ||||||||||
Catechol | µg/cig | 35.85 ± 1.32 | 25.58 ± 0.77 | 25.75 ± 1.02 | 24.15 ± 0.55 | 23.99 ± 0.76 | 9.19 ± 0.37 | 9.26 ± 0.38 | 8.90 ± 1.39 | 7.95 ± 0.83 |
p-cresol | µg/cig | 3.83 ± 0.29 | 0.87 ± 0.05 | 0.88 ± 0.05 | 1.31 ± 0.14 | 1.30 ± 0.15 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.13 ± 0.02 |
m-cresol | µg/cig | 1.36 ± 0.05 | 0.91 ± 0.04 | 0.91 ± 0.04 | 1.05 ± 0.10 | 1.04 ± 0.11 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.01 |
o-cresol | µg/cig | 2.20 ± 0.57 | 2.28 ± 0.08 | 2.29 ± 0.10 | 2.86 ± 0.29 | 2.84 ± 0.31 | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 0.27 ± 0.01 | 0.29 ± 0.03 | 0.29 ± 0.03 |
Hydroquinone | µg/cig | 37.12 ± 1.79 | 23.92 ± 1.22 | 24.07 ± 1.18 | 23.48 ± 0.08 | 23.33 ± 0.34 | 8.78 ± 0.12 | 8.84 ± 0.19 | 8.41 ± 1.05 | 8.12 ± 0.37 |
Phenol | µg/cig | 7.88 ± 0.55 | 2.73 ± 0.11 | 2.75 ± 0.14 | 5.03 ± 0.78 | 5.00 ± 0.79 | 0.31 ± 0.01 | 0.31 ± 0.01 | 0.74 ± 0.17 | 0.74 ± 0.16 |
Resorcinol | µg/cig | 0.69 ± 0.19 | 0.41 ± 0.04 | 0.41 ± 0.04 | 0.44 ± 0.01 | 0.44 ± 0.02 | 0.24 ± 0.01 | 0.41 ± 0.04 | 0.16 ± 0.03 | 0.16 ± 0.03 |
Semi-Volatile organic compounds | ||||||||||
Pyridine | µg/cig | 25.47 ± 1.50 | 2.31 ± 0.12 | 2.81 ± 0.05 | 1.43 ± 0.01 | 1.92 ± 0.03 | 2.00 ± 1.62 | 1.31 ± 0.03 | 0.72 ± 0.02 | 0.50 ± 0.03 |
Quinoline | µg/cig | 0.37 ± 0.07 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q |
Styrene | µg/cig | 13.94 ± | 0.96 ± 0.02 | 1.65 ± 0.03 | 0.53 ± 0.01 | 0.92 ± 0.01 | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q |
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines | ||||||||||
NNN | ng/cig | 107.12 ± 1.37 | 40.93 ± 3.26 | 40.53 ± 2.60 | 15.32 ± 3.23 | 12.78 ± 3.89 | 10.65 ± 1.13 | 10.63 ± 1.02 | 4.84 ± 3.58 | 1.55 ± 0.79 |
NNK | ng/cig | 90.56 ± 2.03 | 18.14 ± 1.53 | 18.31 ± 0.62 | 6.52 ± 0.62 | 4.07 ± 3.49 | 2.97 ± 0.53 | 2.95 ± 0.60 | N.Q | N.Q |
NAT | ng/cig | 119.08 ± 3.40 | 56.59 ± 3.19 | 56.43 ± 0.62 | 21.43 ± 4.52 | 17.56 ± 4.27 | 14.87 ± 1.17 | 14.56 ± 0.64 | 5.67 ± 0.20 | 3.12 ± 1.05 |
NAB | ng/cig | 13.37 ± 0.88 | 7.96 ± 0.72 | 7.27 ± 1.07 | 4.85 ± 1.46 | 4.61 ± 1.16 | 3.02 ± 0.78 | 2.83 ± 0.85 | 3.31 ± 0.12 | 3.35 ± 0.52 |
Volatile organic compounds | ||||||||||
Acrylonitrile | µg/cig | 9.70 ± 0.60 | 4.79 ± 0.04 | 5.46 ± 0.06 | 2.62 ± 0.05 | 3.03 ± 0.06 | 1.03 ± 0.04 | 1.50 ± 0.04 | 0.65 ± 0.01 | 0.89 ± 0.02 |
Benzene | µg/cig | 37.34 ± 1.96 | 20.85 ± 0.03 | 23.3 ± 0.04 | 4.04 ± 0.01 | 9.22 ± 0.01 | 0.53 ± 0.05 | 4.35 ± 0.01 | N.Q | N.Q |
1,3-butadiene | µg/cig | 25.77 ± 2.86 | 12.18 ± 0.12 | 13.22 ± 0.03 | 6.71 ± 1.44 | 6.87 ± 0.43 | 2.25 ± 0.36 | 3.01 ± 0.65 | 0.93 ± 0.28 | 2.37 ± 0.25 |
Isoprene | µg/cig | 293.52 ± 13.02 | 142.33 ± 0.82 | 162.69 ± 1.94 | 74.03 ± 1.74 | 86.70 ± 1.75 | 25.14 ± 1.29 | 38.51 ± 1.53 | 11.54 ± 0.45 | 19.17 ± 0.44 |
Toluene | µg/cig | 70.28 ± 5.46 | 33.11 ± 1.27 | 40.78 ± 0.17 | 5.91 ± 0.81 | 16.15 ± 2.10 | 2.62 ± 0.42 | 4.32 ± 0.18 | N.Q | N.Q |
Heavy metal | ||||||||||
Arsenic | ng/cig | 1.91 ± 0.08 | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q |
Cadmium | ng/cig | 32.52 ± 2.09 | 25.16 ± 0.27 | 22.75 ± 0.08 | 3.96 ± 0.05 | 3.85 ± 0.04 | 5.25 ± 0.07 | 2.64 ± 0.07 | 1.19 ± 0.04 | 0.34 ± 0.02 |
Chromium | ng/cig | 0.19 ± 0.14 | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q |
Mercury | ng/cig | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q |
Nickel | ng/cig | 0.96 ± 0.08 | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q |
Lead | ng/cig | 8.84 ± 0.83 | 7.84 ± 0.08 | 7.01 ± 0.06 | 3.09 ± 0.04 | 2.14 ± 0.18 | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q |
Selenium | ng/cig | 0.56 ± 0.25 | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q |
Analytes | Unit | HCI_3R4F | HCI_A | HCI_B | HCI_C | HCI_D | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CB | NCB | CB | NCB | CB | NCB | CB | NCB | |||
Tar | mg/cig | 27.93 ± 0.77 | 37.30 ± 1.2 | 33.58 ± 0.99 | 31.13 ± 0.94 | 28.49 ± 1.67 | 28.52 ± 0.47 | 25.97 ± 0.73 | 29.06 ± 1.66 | 27.2 ± 0.48 |
Nicotine | mg/cig | 1.93 ± 0.07 | 1.51 ± 0.08 | 1.43 ± 0.17 | 1.39 ± 0.05 | 1.45 ± 0.07 | 1.14 ± 0.01 | 1.03 ± 0.06 | 1.28 ± 0.04 | 1.32 ± 0.07 |
CO | mg/cig | 37.01 ± 0.96 | 27.58 ± 1.06 | 27.35 ± 0.4 | 19.01 ± 0.39 | 18.95 ± 0.52 | 27.15 ± 1.27 | 26.9 ± 0.19 | 18.65 ± 0.39 | 18.94 ± 0.39 |
Amine | ||||||||||
Ammonia | µg/cig | 26.90 ± 0.34 | 24.99 ± 0.17 | 26.17 ± 0.22 | 24.08 ± 17.9 | 25.44 ± 0.13 | 26.37 ± 0.20 | 25.17 ± 0.11 | 25.63 ± 0.2 | 24.79 ± 0.23 |
Aromatic amine | ||||||||||
1-aminonaphthalene | ng/cig | 23.32 ± 3.67 | 15.88 ± 0.27 | 15.19 ± 0.28 | 2.3 ± 0.13 | 2.2 ± 0.16 | 3.97 ± 0.07 | 3.80 ± 0.07 | 0.83 ± 0.04 | 0.79 ± 0.05 |
2-aminonaphthalene | ng/cig | 15.06 ± 7.36 | 6.76 ± 0.23 | 6.47 ± 0.18 | 3.87 ± 0.30 | 3.71 ± 0.36 | 1.69 ± 0.06 | 1.62 ± 0.04 | 0.46 ± 0.10 | 0.44 ± 0.09 |
3-aminobiphenyl | ng/cig | 5.94 ± 1.76 | 1.09 ± 0.31 | 1.04 ± 0.29 | 1.55 ± 0.19 | 1.48 ± 0.20 | 0.27 ± 0.08 | 0.26 ± 0.07 | 0.37 ± 0.01 | 0.36 ± 0.01 |
4-aminobiphenyl | ng/cig | 4.08 ± 1.40 | 2.17 ± 0.35 | 2.08 ± 0.37 | 1.34 ± 0.05 | 1.28 ± 0.06 | 0.54 ± 0.08 | 0.52 ± 0.09 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 |
PAH | ||||||||||
Benzo[α]pyrene | ng/cig | 13.83 ± 2.51 | 18.49 ± 0.63 | 18.17 ± 0.41 | 8.74 ± 0.29 | 9.27 ± 0.17 | 12.03 ± 0.38 | 12.39 ± 0.33 | 12.09 ± 0.5 | 12.08 ± 0.01 |
Carbonyls | ||||||||||
Acetaldehyde | µg/cig | 1300.53 ± 33.51 | 1345.17 ± 6.01 | 1207.79 ± 3.14 | 921.00 ± 44.39 | 980.03 ± 3.65 | 1532.5 ± 43.01 | 1187.29 ± 9.23 | 865.93 ± 5.46 | 372.34 ± 3.19 |
Acetone | µg/cig | 529.30 ± 55.04 | 161.15 ± 0.06 | 153.36 ± 0.41 | 117.31 ± 5.22 | 129.38 ± 0.53 | 168.18 ± 11.16 | 141.40 ± 1.22 | 116.55 ± 0.72 | 51.63 ± 0.86 |
Acrolein | µg/cig | 162.87 ± 29.96 | 507.27 ± 3.48 | 468.91 ± 2.63 | 320.34 ± 18.12 | 341.28 ± 2.51 | 568.84 ± 16.14 | 451.65 ± 5.78 | 294.53 ± 2.44 | 145.05 ± 3.86 |
2-Butanone | µg/cig | 163.29 ± 17.10 | 145.69 ± 0.92 | 135.80 ± 0.38 | 97.24 ± 4.52 | 100.42 ± 3.86 | 171.79 ± 0.96 | 131.66 ± 1.29 | 91.44 ± 0.75 | 51.07 ± 2.10 |
Butyraldehyde | µg/cig | 65.13 ± 8.19 | 55.88 ± 0.28 | 52.82 ± 0.22 | 39.11 ± 1.75 | 40.83 ± 1.08 | 69.15 ± 5.89 | 51.25 ± 0.53 | 35.23 ± 0.22 | 18.00 ± 0.35 |
Crotonaldehyde | µg/cig | 36.92 ± 4.60 | 22.98 ± 14.45 | 13.1 ± 12.91 | 9.98 ± 8.64 | 14.23 ± 10.41 | 31.09 ± 1.54 | 24.85 ± 0.18 | 16.16 ± 9.38 | 17.24 ± 6.76 |
Formaldehyde | µg/cig | 95.54 ± 7.51 | 127.6 ± 0.35 | 107.42 ± 0.31 | 121.98 ± 3.59 | 147.15 ± 1.79 | 116.58 ± 5.61 | 84.67 ± 0.39 | 123.7 ± 0.57 | 48.07 ± 0.18 |
Propionaldehyde | µg/cig | 109.00 ± 24.13 | 112.18 ± 0.66 | 101.88 ± 0.27 | 86.51 ± 7.64 | 95.08 ± 1.19 | 104.91 ± 5.01 | 94.44 ± 0.84 | 82.75 ± 0.74 | 34.56 ± 2.5 |
Cyanic compound | ||||||||||
HCN | µg/cig | 355.60 ± 4.24 | 379.58 ± 10.65 | 361.67 ± 0.95 | 263.54 ± 27.17 | 281.04 ± 5.91 | 335.63 ± 1577 | 304.17 ± 10.18 | 195.42 ± 11.01 | 211.04 ± 1.91 |
Phenolics | ||||||||||
Catechol | µg/cig | 96.70 ± 0.25 | 44.41 ± 1.31 | 44.7 ± 0.69 | 85.26 ± 0.82 | 85.85 ± 5.05 | 57.88 ± 1.39 | 58.25 ± 0.51 | 76.64 ± 3.26 | 77.12 ± 2.24 |
p-cresol | µg/cig | 8.72 ± 0.39 | 2.74 ± 0.21 | 2.76 ± 0.17 | 3.74 ± 0.17 | 3.76 ± 0.12 | 2.12 ± 0.23 | 2.14 ± 0.26 | 3.66 ± 0.13 | 3.69 ± 0.09 |
m-cresol | µg/cig | 3.20 ± 0.13 | 2.33 ± 0.16 | 2.34 ± 0.12 | 3.00 ± 0.08 | 3.02 ± 0.04 | 1.23 ± 0.01 | 1.23 ± 0.02 | 76.64 ± 3.26 | 77.12 ± 2.24 |
o-cresol | µg/cig | 4.22 ± 0.07 | 6.43 ± 0.47 | 6.46 ± 0.38 | 8.93 ± 0.41 | 8.98 ± 0.28 | 3.55 ± 0.41 | 3.58 ± 0.44 | 8.75 ± 0.32 | 8.8 ± 0.20 |
Hydroquinone | µg/cig | 99.30 ± 3.19 | 64.13 ± 2.72 | 64.53 ± 1.74 | 85.00 ± 3.77 | 85.60 ± 4.97 | 61.75 ± 1.49 | 62.15 ± 0.79 | 74.18 ± 4.34 | 74.64 ± 3.56 |
Phenol | µg/cig | 12.15 ± 0.30 | 8.04 ± 0.71 | 8.09 ± 0.60 | 14.72 ± 0.82 | 14.81 ± 0.61 | 6.53 ± 0.25 | 6.57 ± 0.24 | 13.83 ± 1.08 | 13.91 ± 0.90 |
Resorcinol | µg/cig | 1.63 ± 0.19 | 1.02 ± 0.07 | 1.03 ± 0.06 | 1.68 ± 0.07 | 1.69 ± 0.09 | 1.18 ± 0.02 | 1.19 ± 0.04 | 1.98 ± 0.10 | 1.99 ± 0.09 |
Semi-Volatile organic compounds | ||||||||||
Pyridine | µg/cig | 25.47 ± 1.50 | 21.59 ± 1.77 | 24.51 ± 1.90 | 15.75 ± 1.71 | 14.83 ± 0.46 | 13.81 ± 0.57 | 15.55 ± 0.04 | 14.17 ± 0.30 | 14.76 ± 1.13 |
Quinoline | µg/cig | 0.37 ± 0.07 | 0.58 ± 0.06 | 0.98 ± 0.03 | 0.96 ± 0.2 | 1.31 ± 0.43 | 0.19 ± 0.02 | 0.46 ± 0.06 | 0.64 ± 0.10 | 1.19 ± 0.39 |
Styrene | µg/cig | 13.94 ± 1.72 | 9.16 ± 0.10 | 10.03 ± 0.12 | 5.69 ± 0.03 | 7.01 ± 0.15 | 6.78 ± 0.26 | 8.71 ± 0.09 | 5.16 ± 0.11 | 5.89 ± 0.08 |
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines | ||||||||||
NNN | ng/cig | 267.10 ± 24.41 | 154.4 ± 10.65 | 168.34 ± 18.96 | 62.2 ± 3.61 | 68.53 ± 4.59 | 134.74 ± 15.78 | 106.08 ± 19.07 | 68.53 ± 4.59 | 93.03 ± 5.91 |
NNK | ng/cig | 243.05 ± 17.16 | 53.22 ± 10.22 | 50.8 ± 1.7 | 47.6 ± 3.42 | 37.71 ± 1.82 | 53.83 ± 3.29 | 34.92 ± 4.50 | 28.95 ± 1.54 | 28.67 ± 4.80 |
NAT | ng/cig | 320.14 ± 19.89 | 207.2 ± 31.94 | 204.56 ± 29.48 | 110.99 ± 4.67 | 95.21 ± 4.26 | 160.74 ± 12.06 | 153.34 ± 11.40 | 79.79 ± 4.04 | 81.71 ± 7.00 |
NAB | ng/cig | 32.73 ± 5.66 | 30.27 ± 1.35 | 29.21 ± 2.8 | 16.10 ± 5 | 14.36 ± 6.24 | 23.91 ± 1.31 | 18.68 ± 2.77 | 13.13 ± 5.05 | 13.25 ± 9.51 |
Volatile organic compounds | ||||||||||
Acrylonitrile | µg/cig | 33.96 ± 3.24 | 21.06 ± 0.22 | 22.59 ± 0.26 | 16.92 ± 0.33 | 18.31 ± 0.22 | 19.57 ± 1.00 | 21.59 ± 0.04 | 14.17 ± 0.13 | 16.54 ± 0.36 |
Benzene | µg/cig | 105.43 ± 0.38 | 81.5 ± 0.06 | 84.01 ± 0.15 | 46.64 ± 0.05 | 51.49 ± 0.11 | 74.57 ± 1.05 | 77.8 ± 0.13 | 40.33 ± 0.02 | 44.64 ± 0.08 |
1,3-butadiene | µg/cig | 60.15 ± 9.60 | 56.72 ± 0.6 | 57.15 ± 5.24 | 40.64 ± 0.73 | 43.19 ± 0.30 | 49.24 ± 2.52 | 54.27 ± 1.26 | 36.68 ± 0.8 | 37.29 ± 4.68 |
Isoprene | µg/cig | 816.75 ± 78.93 | 646.54 ± 7.18 | 691.87 ± 8.06 | 516.86 ± 10.24 | 560.92 ± 7.22 | 661.35 ± 21.27 | 665.44 ± 1.36 | 429.86 ± 3.93 | 506.08 ± 10.51 |
Toluene | µg/cig | 209.15 ± 6.86 | 145.33 ± 0.65 | 150.75 ± 0.84 | 80.10 ± 0.67 | 86.75 ± 1.36 | 133.58 ± 1.81 | 139.06 ± 3.00 | 70.31 ± 1.06 | 76.29 ± 0.83 |
Heavy metal | ||||||||||
Arsenic | ng/cig | 7.80 ± 0.79 | 2.94 ± 0.27 | 3.38 ± 0.14 | N.Q | N.Q | 2.89 ± 0.01 | 3.64 ± 0.12 | N.Q | N.Q |
Cadmium | ng/cig | 118.21 ± 11.90 | 106.50 ± 0.16 | 160.93 ± 0.5 | 38.35 ± 0.23 | 35.01 ± 0.08 | 112.7 ± 0.62 | 110.5 ± 1.32 | 29.28 ± 0.18 | 36.49 ± 0.18 |
Chromium | ng/cig | 1.89 ± 1.11 | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q |
Mercury | ng/cig | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q |
Nickel | ng/cig | 1.06 ± 0.67 | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q |
Lead | ng/cig | 24.72 ± 11.11 | 36.29 ± 0.16 | 30.56 ± 0.46 | 15.69 ± 0.65 | 18.58 ± 0.22 | 28.54 ± 0.12 | 35.00 ± 0.47 | 11.99 ± 0.19 | 19.07 ± 0.15 |
Selenium | ng/cig | 1.50 ± 1.02 | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q | N.Q |
Sample | Geraniol (µg/g) | Eugenol (µg/g) | Menthofuran (µg/g) | Pulegone (µg/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | N.D | N.D | 44.08 ± 1.97 | 20.31 ± 0.82 |
B | N.D | N.D | 21.88 ± 0.64 | 18.57 ± 0.06 |
C | N.D | N.D | 45.33 ± 0.37 | 19.34 ± 0.10 |
D | N.D | N.D | 27.38 ± 2.24 | 21.19 ± 0.77 |
Sample | Smoking Method | Geraniol (%) | Eugenol (%) | Menthofuran (%) | Pulegone (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | ISO | N.D | N.D | 13.79 | 29.25 |
HCI | N.D | N.D | 50.91 | 121.86 | |
B | ISO | N.D | N.D | 14.03 | 30.75 |
HCI | N.D | N.D | 67.41 | 130.49 | |
C | ISO | N.D | N.D | 4.96 | 13.29 |
HCI | N.D | N.D | 44.34 | 117.74 | |
D | ISO | N.D | N.D | 5.73 | 14.11 |
HCI | N.D | N.D | 62.89 | 116.42 |
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Lim, H.-S.; You, J.-S.; Lim, H.-B. Effect of Capsule Burst in Cigarette Filters on the Compound Composition of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke. Toxics 2023, 11, 901. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11110901
Lim H-S, You J-S, Lim H-B. Effect of Capsule Burst in Cigarette Filters on the Compound Composition of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke. Toxics. 2023; 11(11):901. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11110901
Chicago/Turabian StyleLim, Hyeon-Su, Ji-Sang You, and Heung-Bin Lim. 2023. "Effect of Capsule Burst in Cigarette Filters on the Compound Composition of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke" Toxics 11, no. 11: 901. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11110901