N-Amidation of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds: Can We Apply Enzymatic Tools?

Yang, Anran; Miao, Xue; Yang, Liu; Xu, Chao; Liu, Wei; Xian, Mo; Zou, Huibin

doi:10.3390/bioengineering10020222

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N-Amidation of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds: Can We Apply Enzymatic Tools?

by

Anran Yang

¹,

Xue Miao

¹,

Liu Yang

¹,

Chao Xu

^2,*,

Wei Liu

^2,3,*,

Mo Xian

² and

Huibin Zou

^1,2,*

¹

State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China

²

CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China

³

Institute of Corrosion Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510535, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Bioengineering 2023, 10(2), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020222

Submission received: 7 December 2022 / Revised: 20 January 2023 / Accepted: 31 January 2023 / Published: 7 February 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioengineering and Synthetic Biology Approaches for High-Value Compounds)

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Abstract

Amide bond is often seen in value-added nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, which can present promising chemical, biological, and pharmaceutical significance. However, current synthesis methods in the preparation of amide-containing N-heterocyclic compounds have low specificity (large amount of by-products) and efficiency. In this study, we focused on reviewing the feasible enzymes (nitrogen acetyltransferase, carboxylic acid reductase, lipase, and cutinase) for the amidation of N-heterocyclic compounds; summarizing their advantages and weakness in the specific applications; and further predicting candidate enzymes through in silico structure-functional analysis. For future prospects, current enzymes demand further engineering and improving for practical industrial applications and more enzymatic tools need to be explored and developed for a broader range of N-heterocyclic substrates.

Keywords: enzymatic catalysis; amide bond forming; nitrogen-containing heterocycle

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yang, A.; Miao, X.; Yang, L.; Xu, C.; Liu, W.; Xian, M.; Zou, H. N-Amidation of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds: Can We Apply Enzymatic Tools? Bioengineering 2023, 10, 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020222

AMA Style

Yang A, Miao X, Yang L, Xu C, Liu W, Xian M, Zou H. N-Amidation of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds: Can We Apply Enzymatic Tools? Bioengineering. 2023; 10(2):222. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020222

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang, Anran, Xue Miao, Liu Yang, Chao Xu, Wei Liu, Mo Xian, and Huibin Zou. 2023. "N-Amidation of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds: Can We Apply Enzymatic Tools?" Bioengineering 10, no. 2: 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020222

APA Style

Yang, A., Miao, X., Yang, L., Xu, C., Liu, W., Xian, M., & Zou, H. (2023). N-Amidation of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds: Can We Apply Enzymatic Tools? Bioengineering, 10(2), 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020222

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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N-Amidation of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds: Can We Apply Enzymatic Tools?

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