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Correction published on 7 February 2025, see Bioengineering 2025, 12(2), 161.
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Review

Evolution and Innovations in Bone Marrow Cellular Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders: Tracing the Historical Trajectory and Contemporary Advances

by
José Fábio Lana
1,2,3,4,5,
Gabriela Caponero de Brito
1,
André Kruel
1,
Benjamim Brito
1,
Gabriel Silva Santos
1,*,
Carolina Caliari
6,
Francesca Salamanna
7,
Maria Sartori
7,
Giovanni Barbanti Brodano
8,
Fábio Ramos Costa
9,
Madhan Jeyaraman
10,11,12,
Ignácio Dallo
2,3,13,
Pedro Bernaldez
13,
Joseph Purita
2,3,
Marco Antonio Percope de Andrade
14 and
Peter Albert Everts
2,3,15
1
Department of Orthopaedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil
2
Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil
3
Medical School, Max Planck University Center (UniMAX), Indaiatuba 13343-060, SP, Brazil
4
Clinical Research, Anna Vitória Lana Institute (IAVL), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil
5
Medical School, Jaguariúna University Center (UniFAJ), Jaguariúna 13820-000, SP, Brazil
6
Cell Therapy, In Situ Terapia Celular, Ribeirão Preto 14056-680, SP, Brazil
7
Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Instituto Ortopedizo Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
8
Spine Surgery Unit, IRCCS Instituto Ortopedizo Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
9
Department of Orthopaedics, FC Sports Traumatology, Salvador 40296-210, BA, Brazil
10
Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
11
Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641045, Tamil Nadu, India
12
Clinical Research Scientist, Virginia Tech India, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
13
Orthopedics, SportMe Medical Center, 41013 Seville, Spain
14
Department of the Locomotor Apparatus, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
15
Gulf Coast Biologics, Fort Myers, FL 33916, USA
 
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Bioengineering 2024, 11(10), 979; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11100979
Submission received: 12 August 2024 / Revised: 23 September 2024 / Accepted: 25 September 2024 / Published: 28 September 2024 / Corrected: 7 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Regenerative Therapy: Cell and Cell-Free Approaches)
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Abstract

Bone marrow cellular therapy has undergone a remarkable evolution, significantly impacting the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. This review traces the historical trajectory from early mythological references to contemporary scientific advancements. The groundbreaking work of Friedenstein in 1968, identifying fibroblast colony-forming cells in bone marrow, laid the foundation for future studies. Caplan’s subsequent identification of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in 1991 highlighted their differentiation potential and immunomodulatory properties, establishing them as key players in regenerative medicine. Contemporary research has focused on refining techniques for isolating and applying bone marrow-derived MSCs. These cells have shown promise in treating conditions like osteonecrosis, osteoarthritis, and tendon injuries thanks to their ability to promote tissue repair, modulate immune responses, and enhance angiogenesis. Clinical studies have demonstrated significant improvements in pain relief, functional recovery, and tissue regeneration. Innovations such as the ACH classification system and advancements in bone marrow aspiration methods have standardized practices, improving the consistency and efficacy of these therapies. Recent clinical trials have validated the therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived products, highlighting their advantages in both surgical and non-surgical applications. Studies have shown that MSCs can reduce inflammation, support bone healing, and enhance cartilage repair. However, challenges remain, including the need for rigorous characterization of cell populations and standardized reporting in clinical trials. Addressing these issues is crucial for advancing the field and ensuring the reliable application of these therapies. Looking ahead, future research should focus on integrating bone marrow-derived products with other regenerative techniques and exploring non-surgical interventions. The continued innovation and refinement of these therapies hold promise for revolutionizing the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, offering improved patient outcomes, and advancing the boundaries of medical science.
Keywords: bone marrow; orthopedics; mesenchymal stem cells; regenerative medicine bone marrow; orthopedics; mesenchymal stem cells; regenerative medicine

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lana, J.F.; de Brito, G.C.; Kruel, A.; Brito, B.; Santos, G.S.; Caliari, C.; Salamanna, F.; Sartori, M.; Barbanti Brodano, G.; Costa, F.R.; et al. Evolution and Innovations in Bone Marrow Cellular Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders: Tracing the Historical Trajectory and Contemporary Advances. Bioengineering 2024, 11, 979. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11100979

AMA Style

Lana JF, de Brito GC, Kruel A, Brito B, Santos GS, Caliari C, Salamanna F, Sartori M, Barbanti Brodano G, Costa FR, et al. Evolution and Innovations in Bone Marrow Cellular Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders: Tracing the Historical Trajectory and Contemporary Advances. Bioengineering. 2024; 11(10):979. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11100979

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lana, José Fábio, Gabriela Caponero de Brito, André Kruel, Benjamim Brito, Gabriel Silva Santos, Carolina Caliari, Francesca Salamanna, Maria Sartori, Giovanni Barbanti Brodano, Fábio Ramos Costa, and et al. 2024. "Evolution and Innovations in Bone Marrow Cellular Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders: Tracing the Historical Trajectory and Contemporary Advances" Bioengineering 11, no. 10: 979. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11100979

APA Style

Lana, J. F., de Brito, G. C., Kruel, A., Brito, B., Santos, G. S., Caliari, C., Salamanna, F., Sartori, M., Barbanti Brodano, G., Costa, F. R., Jeyaraman, M., Dallo, I., Bernaldez, P., Purita, J., Andrade, M. A. P. d., & Everts, P. A. (2024). Evolution and Innovations in Bone Marrow Cellular Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders: Tracing the Historical Trajectory and Contemporary Advances. Bioengineering, 11(10), 979. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11100979

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