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Volume 11
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10.3390/bioengineering11060591
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Review

Orthobiologic Management Options for Degenerative Disc Disease

by
Cezar Augusto Alves de Oliveira
1,
Bernardo Scaldini Oliveira
1,
Rafael Theodoro
1,
Joshua Wang
2,
Gabriel Silva Santos
3,4,*,
Bruno Lima Rodrigues
3,4,
Izair Jefthé Rodrigues
3,
Daniel de Moraes Ferreira Jorge
3,4,
Madhan Jeyaraman
4,5,
Peter Albert Everts
4,6,
Annu Navani
4,7,8 and
José Fábio Lana
3,4,6,9,10
1
Orthopedics, ABCOliveira Medical Clinic, São Paulo 03310-000, SP, Brazil
2
Learning and Teaching Unit, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
3
Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil
4
Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil
5
Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
6
Medical School, Max Planck University Center (UniMAX), Indaiatuba 13343-060, SP, Brazil
7
Medical Director, Le Reve, San Jose, CA 95124, USA
8
Chief Medical Officer, Boomerang Healthcare, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA
9
Medical School, Jaguariúna University Center (UniFAJ), Jaguariúna 13918-110, SP, Brazil
10
Clinical Research, Anna Vitória Lana Institute (IAVL), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Bioengineering 2024, 11(6), 591; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11060591
Submission received: 26 April 2024 / Revised: 20 May 2024 / Accepted: 22 May 2024 / Published: 10 June 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Manufacturing and Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine)
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Abstract

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a pervasive condition that limits quality of life and burdens economies worldwide. Conventional pharmacological treatments primarily aimed at slowing the progression of degeneration have demonstrated limited long-term efficacy and often do not address the underlying causes of the disease. On the other hand, orthobiologics are regenerative agents derived from the patient’s own tissue and represent a promising emerging therapy for degenerative disc disease. This review comprehensively outlines the pathophysiology of DDD, highlighting the inadequacies of existing pharmacological therapies and detailing the potential of orthobiologic approaches. It explores advanced tools such as platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cells, providing a historical overview of their development within regenerative medicine, from foundational in vitro studies to preclinical animal models. Moreover, the manuscript delves into clinical trials that assess the effectiveness of these therapies in managing DDD. While the current clinical evidence is promising, it remains insufficient for routine clinical adoption due to limitations in study designs. The review emphasizes the need for further research to optimize these therapies for consistent and effective clinical outcomes, potentially revolutionizing the management of DDD and offering renewed hope for patients.
Keywords: disc disease; orthobiologics; inflammation; orthopedics; regenerative medicine disc disease; orthobiologics; inflammation; orthopedics; regenerative medicine
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MDPI and ACS Style

de Oliveira, C.A.A.; Oliveira, B.S.; Theodoro, R.; Wang, J.; Santos, G.S.; Rodrigues, B.L.; Rodrigues, I.J.; Jorge, D.d.M.F.; Jeyaraman, M.; Everts, P.A.; et al. Orthobiologic Management Options for Degenerative Disc Disease. Bioengineering 2024, 11, 591. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11060591

AMA Style

de Oliveira CAA, Oliveira BS, Theodoro R, Wang J, Santos GS, Rodrigues BL, Rodrigues IJ, Jorge DdMF, Jeyaraman M, Everts PA, et al. Orthobiologic Management Options for Degenerative Disc Disease. Bioengineering. 2024; 11(6):591. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11060591

Chicago/Turabian Style

de Oliveira, Cezar Augusto Alves, Bernardo Scaldini Oliveira, Rafael Theodoro, Joshua Wang, Gabriel Silva Santos, Bruno Lima Rodrigues, Izair Jefthé Rodrigues, Daniel de Moraes Ferreira Jorge, Madhan Jeyaraman, Peter Albert Everts, and et al. 2024. "Orthobiologic Management Options for Degenerative Disc Disease" Bioengineering 11, no. 6: 591. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11060591

APA Style

de Oliveira, C. A. A., Oliveira, B. S., Theodoro, R., Wang, J., Santos, G. S., Rodrigues, B. L., Rodrigues, I. J., Jorge, D. d. M. F., Jeyaraman, M., Everts, P. A., Navani, A., & Lana, J. F. (2024). Orthobiologic Management Options for Degenerative Disc Disease. Bioengineering, 11(6), 591. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11060591

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