Long-Term Survival and Regeneration Following Transplantation of 3D-Printed Biodegradable PCL Tracheal Grafts in Large-Scale Porcine Models
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design and Preparation of PCL Tracheal Grafts
2.2. Methods Design for In Vivo Experiments
2.3. Anesthesia, Surgical Intervention and Postoperative Care
2.4. Scheduled Postoperative Bronchoscopic Evaluation and Laser Ablation for Granulation Tissue
2.5. Tracheal Tissue Harvested and Gross Examination
2.6. Regenerated Tubular Tissue outside Graft by Histology Analysis
2.7. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Gross Specimen of Tissue Regeneration Following Long-Term Implantation into Large-Scale Porcines
3.2. Tracheal Tissue Regeneration Followed by Tracheal Graft Implantation
3.3. The Impact of Bacterial Infection-Induced Inflammation after Tracheal Graft Transplantation and Heterotopic Ossification (HO) Observed 92 Days Post-Implantation
3.4. Characteristics of Vascular Canals (VCs) in the Evolution of Chondrogenesis: Derived from Perichondrium as Chondro-Modulators in the Maturation of Cartilage to Prune Excessive Chondrocytes
3.5. Concise Four-Stage Developmental Model to Elucidate the Intricate Process of Tracheal Cartilage Regeneration Based on the Occurrence of Key Chondrogenesis Features
3.6. Types of Cartilage Evolution during Chondrogenesis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | Animals | |
---|---|---|
Porcine 1 | Porcine 2 | |
Weight, kg | 60 | 62.5 |
Number of bronchoscopy | 9 | 10 |
Number of laser ablation for granulation tissue | 8 | 7 |
Complication | Granulation Infection (soft tissue) Calcification | Granulation |
Weight gain, kg | 100 | 101 |
Survival day | 92 | 92 |
Cause of death (no. of animal) | Sacrifice | Sacrifice |
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Shai, S.-E.; Lai, Y.-L.; Hung, Y.-W.; Hsieh, C.-W.; Su, K.-C.; Wang, C.-H.; Chao, T.-H.; Chiu, Y.-T.; Wu, C.-C.; Hung, S.-C. Long-Term Survival and Regeneration Following Transplantation of 3D-Printed Biodegradable PCL Tracheal Grafts in Large-Scale Porcine Models. Bioengineering 2024, 11, 832. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080832
Shai S-E, Lai Y-L, Hung Y-W, Hsieh C-W, Su K-C, Wang C-H, Chao T-H, Chiu Y-T, Wu C-C, Hung S-C. Long-Term Survival and Regeneration Following Transplantation of 3D-Printed Biodegradable PCL Tracheal Grafts in Large-Scale Porcine Models. Bioengineering. 2024; 11(8):832. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080832
Chicago/Turabian StyleShai, Sen-Ei, Yi-Ling Lai, Yi-Wen Hung, Chi-Wei Hsieh, Kuo-Chih Su, Chun-Hsiang Wang, Te-Hsin Chao, Yung-Tsung Chiu, Chia-Ching Wu, and Shih-Chieh Hung. 2024. "Long-Term Survival and Regeneration Following Transplantation of 3D-Printed Biodegradable PCL Tracheal Grafts in Large-Scale Porcine Models" Bioengineering 11, no. 8: 832. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080832