Substantiation and Effectiveness of Remote Monitoring System Based on IoMT Using Portable ECG Device
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. ECG Monitoring Device
2.3. Role of the Physician at the IoMT Monitoring Center
2.4. Empirical Research Scenarios
2.5. Follow-Up Management of Participants Who Were Recommended to Visit a Hospital
2.6. Satisfaction Survey
3. Results
3.1. General Characteristics
3.2. Detection of Abnormal Signals and Recommendation to a Hospital through Participant ECG Monitoring
3.3. Observations of Participants Who Were Recommended to Visit a Hospital
3.4. Satisfaction Survey after Completion of Empirical Research
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Regulation Evidence | Substantiation |
---|---|
Medical service act |
|
Article 34 (Remote Medical Treatment) | |
Medical service act |
|
Article 37 (Radiation Generating Devices for Diagnostic) | |
Pharmaceutical affairs act |
|
Article 23-3 (Establishment and Operation of Information System for Safe Use of Drugs) |
Variables | Participants (Hikers) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 2000) | Male (n = 811) | Female (n = 1189) | |
Age (mean ± S.D) | 49.36 ± 14.65 | 49.35 ± 15.81 | 49.37 ± 13.81 |
Age group (n, %) | |||
Under 20 | 51 (2.55%) | 22 (2.71%) | 29 (2.43%) |
20s | 248 (12.40%) | 118 (14.54%) | 130 (10.93%) |
30s | 266 (13.30%) | 105 (12.94%) | 161 (13.54%) |
40s | 353 (17.65%) | 133 (16.39%) | 220 (18.50%) |
50s | 561 (28.05%) | 188 (23.18%) | 373 (31.37%) |
60s | 428 (21.40%) | 187 (23.05%) | 241 (20.26%) |
More than 70 | 93 (4.65%) | 58 (7.15%) | 35 (2.94%) |
Height (cm) | 164.16 ± 8.65 | 171.35 ± 7.14 | 159.26 ± 5.63 |
Weight (kg) | 64.26 ± 11.80 | 73.04 ± 10.97 | 58.26 ± 7.98 |
SBP (mmHg) | 130.89 ± 17.12 | 136.85 ± 14.36 | 126.82 ± 17.65 |
DBP (mmHg) | 85.61 ± 10.59 | 88.79 ± 10.43 | 83.44 ± 10.15 |
PR (bpm) | 74.87 ± 22.94 | 76.05 ± 33.77 | 74.07 ± 10.30 |
Temperature (°C) | 36.72 ± 10.32 | 36.79 ± 11.49 | 36.67 ± 9.44 |
Chronic disease (n, %) | |||
None | 1325 (66.25%) | 518 (63.87%) | 807 (67.87%) |
One | 422 (21.10%) | 183 (22.57%) | 239 (20.10%) |
Two | 187 (9.35%) | 77 (9.49%) | 110 (9.25%) |
More than three | 66 (3.30%) | 33 (4.07%) | 33 (2.78%) |
Family history (n, %) | |||
Yes | 906 (45.30%) | 297 (36.62%) | 609 (51.22%) |
No | 1094 (54.70%) | 514 (63.38%) | 580 (48.78%) |
Trials | Participants | Abnormal Signals | Recommendation to Visit a Hospital | Details about CD (n) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | CD | ||||
1 | 21 | - | - | - | - |
2 | 10 | - | - | - | - |
3 | 25 | 3 | 3 | 2 | AF (1), SA (1) |
4 | 44 | 1 | 1 | 1 | PVC (1) |
5 | 58 | 4 | 2 | 1 | Arrhythmia (1) |
6 | 59 | 5 | 5 | 3 | AF (2), Tachycardia (1) |
7 | 37 | 13 | 11 | 2 | Arrhythmia (1), Bradycardia (1) |
8 | 65 | 8 | 7 | 5 | Arrhythmia (2), SA block (1), PAC (1), BBB (1) |
9 | 46 | 15 | 15 | 4 | AV block (2), Tachycardia (1), Bradycardia (1) |
10 | 26 | 6 | 4 | 1 | Tachycardia (1) |
11 | 8 | - | - | - | - |
12 | 141 | 25 | 22 | 2 | Arrhythmia (1), Tachycardia (1) |
13 | 144 | 40 | 36 | 21 | PVC (7), Arrhythmia (4), Tachycardia (3), AF (2), PAC (1), Chest pain (2), Palpitations (1), Abnormal rhythms (1) |
14 | 48 | 9 | 8 | 4 | PVC (2), Arrhythmia (2) |
15 | 48 | 9 | 7 | 3 | AF (1), Arrhythmia (1), PVC (1) |
16 | 48 | 5 | 5 | 4 | PVC (2), VF (1), BBB (1) |
17 | 48 | 10 | 10 | 9 | Arrhythmia (3), Bradycardia (2), AF (1), PVC (1) BBB (1), ST depression (1) |
18 | 144 | 23 | 23 | 17 | PVC (9), BBB (5), AF (2), Tachycardia (1) |
19 | 144 | 16 | 16 | 14 | PVC (10), Arrhythmia (2), BBB (1), Sinus arrhythmia (1) |
20 | 48 | 10 | 10 | 7 | BBB (3), Arrhythmia (2), PVC (1), PAC (1) |
21 | 48 | 9 | 9 | 5 | Arrhythmia (3), AF (1), PVC (1) |
22 | 82 | 17 | 15 | 7 | PVC (6), BBB (1) |
23 | 72 | 10 | 9 | 6 | Arrhythmia (3), PVC (2), BBB (1) |
24 | 72 | 8 | 8 | 6 | PAC (2), PVC (1), Arrhythmia (1), AF (1), Abnormal rhythms (1) |
25 | 48 | 12 | 12 | 7 | PVC (5), AF (1), PAC (1) |
26 | 72 | 13 | 13 | 12 | PVC (8), BBB (2), Arrhythmia (1), Tachycardia (1) |
27 | 168 | 22 | 22 | 22 | PVC (15), PAC (5), Arrhythmia (1), Tachycardia (1) |
28 | 48 | 4 | 4 | 3 | BBB (3) |
29 | 48 | 9 | 9 | 5 | PVC (2), Arrhythmia (2), PAC (1) |
30 | 130 | 12 | 10 | 9 | PVC (5), Arrhythmia (3), Tachycardia (1) |
Total | 2000 | 318 | 296 | 182 |
Variables | Number of Patients |
---|---|
Diagnosis method (n, %) | |
EKG | 17 (56.67) |
EKG and ultrasound | 6 (20.00) |
Ultrasound | 5 (16.67) |
EKG and X-ray | 1 (3.33) |
General treatment | 1 (3.33) |
Timing of hospital visits (n, %) | |
Within one month | 24 (80.00) |
After one month | 6 (20.00) |
Diagnosis results (n, %) | |
Progress observation | 2 (6.67) |
Stent procedure | 1 (3.33) |
Arrhythmia | 1 (3.33) |
AF and arrhythmia | 1 (3.33) |
Heart medication prescription | 1 (3.33) |
Panic disorder | 1 (3.33) |
No abnormality | 23 (76.68) |
Questions | Values | |
---|---|---|
Distribution (n, %) | Score (Mean ± S.D) | |
Have you previously participated in any clinical studies? | ||
Yes | 117 (5.85) | - |
No | 1883 (94.15) | |
Was the health information provided helpful? (e.g., ECG, heart rate, respiration, body temperature) | ||
Yes | 1931 (96.55) | - |
No | 69 (3.45) | |
Do you believe that the devices used will be helpful for health management? | ||
Yes | 1959 (97.95) | - |
No | 41 (2.05) | |
Did you feel any discomfort after attaching the device? (e.g., detachment, itchiness, restriction of movement) | ||
Very Satisfied (1) | 802 (40.10) | 2.02 ± 1.35 |
Satisfied (2) | 485 (24.25) | |
Neutral (3) | 39 (1.95) | |
Dissatisfied (4) | 123 (6.15) | |
Very Dissatisfied (5) | 187 (9.35) | |
Do you trust the health information provided? (e.g., ECG, heart rate, respiration, body temperature) | ||
Very Satisfied (5) | 700 (35.00) | 3.87 ± 1.20 |
Satisfied (4) | 810 (40.50) | |
Neutral (3) | 174 (8.70) | |
Dissatisfied (2) | 161 (8.05) | |
Very Dissatisfied (1) | 155 (7.75) | |
Are you interested in using the HiCardi (attached device) in the future? | ||
Very Satisfied (5) | 328 (16.40) | 3.53 ± 1.13 |
Satisfied (4) | 636 (31.80) | |
Neutral (3) | 362 (18.10) | |
Dissatisfied (2) | 205 (10.25) | |
Very Dissatisfied (1) | 105 (5.25) | |
Is it easy to access health information through the mobile application? (e.g., ECG, heart rate, respiration, body temperature) | ||
Very Satisfied (5) | 673 (33.65) | 3.88 ± 1.15 |
Satisfied (4) | 846 (42.30) | |
Neutral (3) | 187 (9.35) | |
Dissatisfied (2) | 163 (8.15) | |
Very Dissatisfied (1) | 131 (6.55) | |
How satisfied are you with this empirical research? | ||
Very Satisfied (5) | 813 (40.65) | 3.98 ± 1.17 |
Satisfied (4) | 760 (38.00) | |
Neutral (3) | 164 (8.20) | |
Dissatisfied (2) | 117 (5.85) | |
Very Dissatisfied (1) | 146 (7.30) |
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Lee, H.-Y.; Kim, Y.-J.; Lee, K.-H.; Lee, J.-H.; Cho, S.-P.; Park, J.; Park, I.-H.; Youk, H. Substantiation and Effectiveness of Remote Monitoring System Based on IoMT Using Portable ECG Device. Bioengineering 2024, 11, 836. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080836
Lee H-Y, Kim Y-J, Lee K-H, Lee J-H, Cho S-P, Park J, Park I-H, Youk H. Substantiation and Effectiveness of Remote Monitoring System Based on IoMT Using Portable ECG Device. Bioengineering. 2024; 11(8):836. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080836
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Hee-Young, Yoon-Ji Kim, Kang-Hyun Lee, Jung-Hun Lee, Sung-Pil Cho, Junghwan Park, Il-Hwan Park, and Hyun Youk. 2024. "Substantiation and Effectiveness of Remote Monitoring System Based on IoMT Using Portable ECG Device" Bioengineering 11, no. 8: 836. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080836