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Veterinary Sciences
Volume 9
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10.3390/vetsci9010024
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Perspective

Ivermectin (IVM) Possible Side Activities and Implications in Antimicrobial Resistance and Animal Welfare: The Authors’ Perspective

by
Cristian Piras
1,*,†,
Enrico Gugliandolo
2,†,
Fabio Castagna
1,*,
Ernesto Palma
1,3,4 and
Domenico Britti
1
1
Department of Health Sciences, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
2
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
3
Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
4
Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FISH), University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors equally contributed to the work.
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9010024
Submission received: 28 July 2021 / Revised: 5 January 2022 / Accepted: 7 January 2022 / Published: 11 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Resistance in Ruminants: Rational Use of Anthelmintics and Alternative Strategies)
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Abstract

Ivermectin has a wide number of many diverse functions. Certainly, it is irreplaceable for the treatment of parasitic pathologies in both human and veterinary medicine, and the latter represents the major field of its application. It has been called the “drug for the world’s poor” because of its role as a saviour for those living on the margins of society, in underdeveloped areas afflicted by devastating and debilitating diseases, such as Onchocerciasis and Lymphatic filariasis. It showed huge, unexpected potential as an antibacterial (Chlamydia trachomatis and mycobacteria), and it has antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. The research line described here is placed right in the middle of the investigation on the impact of this drug as an antimicrobial and an immunomodulator. Being a drug widely employed for mass administration, it is mandatory to broaden the knowledge of its possible interaction with bacterial growth and its generation of antimicrobial resistance. Equally, it is important to understand the impact of these drugs on the immune systems of animal species, e.g., horses and dogs, in which this drug is often used. More importantly, could immunomodulation and antibacterial activity promote both bacterial growth and the occurrence of resistance mechanisms?
Keywords: ivermectin; antimicrobial resistance; proteomics; green veterinary pharmacology (GVP); immunomodulation ivermectin; antimicrobial resistance; proteomics; green veterinary pharmacology (GVP); immunomodulation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Piras, C.; Gugliandolo, E.; Castagna, F.; Palma, E.; Britti, D. Ivermectin (IVM) Possible Side Activities and Implications in Antimicrobial Resistance and Animal Welfare: The Authors’ Perspective. Vet. Sci. 2022, 9, 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9010024

AMA Style

Piras C, Gugliandolo E, Castagna F, Palma E, Britti D. Ivermectin (IVM) Possible Side Activities and Implications in Antimicrobial Resistance and Animal Welfare: The Authors’ Perspective. Veterinary Sciences. 2022; 9(1):24. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9010024

Chicago/Turabian Style

Piras, Cristian, Enrico Gugliandolo, Fabio Castagna, Ernesto Palma, and Domenico Britti. 2022. "Ivermectin (IVM) Possible Side Activities and Implications in Antimicrobial Resistance and Animal Welfare: The Authors’ Perspective" Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 1: 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9010024

APA Style

Piras, C., Gugliandolo, E., Castagna, F., Palma, E., & Britti, D. (2022). Ivermectin (IVM) Possible Side Activities and Implications in Antimicrobial Resistance and Animal Welfare: The Authors’ Perspective. Veterinary Sciences, 9(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9010024

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