Feline and Canine Cutaneous Lymphocytosis: Reactive Process or Indolent Neoplastic Disease?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Histopathology
2.3. Immunohistochemistry
2.4. PARR
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Presentation
3.2. Histopathology
3.3. Immunophenotyping
3.4. Clonality Test
3.5. Staging and Clinical Follow-Up
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Case No. | Signalment | Clinical Features of the Lesions | Other Clinical Findings | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breed | Sex | Age (Years) | Site | Longest Diameter (cm) | Distribution | Duration (Months) | U | Pr | A | Er | Ex | Pl | Additional Features | ||
1 | DSH | F | 12 | Head, neck, forelimb (shoulder) | 1.5 | Multifocal | 3 | X | Nodules | None | |||||
2 | DSH | M | 15 | Head (upper lip) | 4 | Focal | 6 | X | X | X | None | ||||
3 | DSH | M | 14 | Neck, dorsum, perineum, limbs | Diffuse | 24 | X | X | X | X | Papules, crusts | Otitis | |||
4 | DSH | F | 14 | Flank | 4 | Focal | 2 weeks | X | X | X | X | None | |||
5 | DSH | M | 9 | Head (upper lip, periocular) | 1 | Focal | 18 | X | X | X | X | None | |||
6 | DSH | M | 11 | Head (eyelid) | Focal | 12 | X | ||||||||
7 | DSH | M | 16 | Thorax-lumbar | 10 | Focal | 24 | X | X | X | X | None | |||
8 | DSH | F | 10 | Neck, axillae, dorsum | Multifocal | 7 | X | X | X | X | Anorexia, hyperthermia, melena, weight loss | ||||
9 | DSH | F | 14 | Head (periocular), hindlimb (metatarsus), tail | 5 | Multifocal | 6 | X | X | X | X | None | |||
10 | DSH | F | 10 | Head (upper lip), flank (bilateral) | 5 | Multifocal | 3 | X | X | X | Hyperpigmentation | None | |||
11 | DSH | F | 10 | Flank | Focal | 9 | X | ||||||||
12 | DSH | F | 13 | Forelimb (elbow) | 4 | Focal | 2 | X | X | X | None | ||||
13 | DSH | F | 10 | Thorax, axillae | 4 | Multifocal | 12 | X | X | X | None | ||||
14 | DSH | M | 7 | Head, abdomen (bilateral) | Diffuse | 3 | X | X | X | X | Weight loss, submandibular lymphadenomegaly, FIV-positive | ||||
15 | DSH | F | 9 | Abdomen | 1 | Focal | 2 | Nodule | None | ||||||
16 | DSH | M | 14 | Hindlimb (3rd digit) | 0.2 | Focal | 12 | X | X | Nodule | None | ||||
17 | DSH | F | 7 | Head (perilabial), neck, abdomen, trunk, hindlimb (thighs) | Diffuse | 24 | X | X | X | X | Bronchitis | ||||
18 | DSH | F | 13 | Neck, flank, hindlimb (thigh) | 20 | Multifocal | 60 | X | X | X | None | ||||
19 | DSH | F | 14 | Head, dorsum, abdomen | 30 | Multifocal | 6 | X | X | X | X | Dryness, crusts | None |
Case No. | Signalment | Clinical Features of the Lesions | Other Clinical Findings | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breed | Sex | Age (Years) | Site | Longest Diameter (cm) | Distribution | Duration (Months) | U | Pr | A | Er | Ex | Pl | Additional Features | ||
1 | Beagle | F | 13 | Abdomen, hindlimb | 2 | Multifocal | 2 weeks | X | None | ||||||
2 | Beagle | M | 6 | Head (ear), perianal | 3 | Multifocal | 1 | X | X | X | None | ||||
3 | Shar Pei | F | 12 | Thorax | 2 | Multifocal | 1 | X | X | None | |||||
4 | Toy poodle | F | 13 | Dorsum, flank, abdomen | 2 | Multifocal | 1 | X | X | X | X | Lymphadenomegaly | |||
5 | Mixed breed | M | 8 | Thorax | 7 | Focal | 5 | X | None | ||||||
6 | Breton | M | 11 | Neck, flank, thorax | 20 | Multifocal | 2 | X | X | X | Crusts | None | |||
7 | Mixed breed | F | 15 | Perianal | 8 | Focal | 1 | X | X | X | Lymphocytic leukemia, mesenchymal gastric tumour | ||||
8 | Mixed breed | F | 12 | Trunk, flank | 2 | Multifocal | 10 | X | X | X | X | X | Ataxia, hypoglycemic crisis | ||
9 | Akita Inu | F | 9 | Axilla, forelimb (shoulder), hindlimb | Diffuse | 12 | X | X | X | Anemia, thrombocytopenia | |||||
10 | Dachshund | F | 8 | Abdomen | 5 | Multifocal | 2 weeks | X | X | X | None |
Case No. | PARR | Staging | Therapy | Response to Therapy | Overall Survival (Days) | Cause of Death |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | neg | neg (HB, U, Rx) | Corticosteroids | PR | 365 | Lost to follow-up |
2 | neg | neg (HB) | None | SD | 1080 | Unrelated (renal failure) |
3 | neg | n.a. | None | SD | 720 | Unrelated (renal failure) |
4 | neg | n.a. | None | SD | 240 | Unknown |
5 | neg | n.a. | Corticosteroids, chlorambucil | PR | 540 | Lost to follow-up |
6 | neg | n.a. | None | SD | 90 | Unrelated (renal failure) |
7 | neg | n.a. | Corticosteroids, chlorambucil | SD | 570 | Lost to follow-up |
8 | neg | n.a. | Corticosteroids | SD | 30 | Unknown |
9 | neg | neg (lnC) | Corticosteroids, cyclosporine | PR | 480 | Alive |
10 | neg | neg (HB, U) | Corticosteroids, cyclosporine | PR | 1080 | Alive |
11 | neg | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
12 | neg | n.a. | Corticosteroids | CR | 1080 | Alive |
13 | neg | n.a. | Chlorambucil | SD | 81 | Alive |
14 | neg | Submandibular lymphoadenomegaly (U, CT) | Corticosteroids | PR | 90 | Unknown |
15 | neg | n.a. | Surgery | CR | 365 | Unknown (not investigated visceral mass) |
16 | neg | n.a. | Surgery | CR | 570 | Alive |
17 | neg | neg (HB, U) | Corticosteroids | PR | 180 | Alive |
18 | neg | neg (HB, spC, livC) | Corticosteroids | PR | 1680 | Alive |
19 | neg | neg (HB, spC, livC) | Corticosteroids, chlorambucil | SD | 1080 | Alive |
Case No. | PARR | Staging | Therapy | Response to Therapy | Overall Survival (Days) | Cause of Death |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | neg | n.a. | None | CR | 28 | Lost to follow-up |
2 | TCR/BCR clonal | neg (lnC) | Corticosteroids, cyclosporine | SD | 365 | Lost to follow-up |
3 | BCR clonal | neg (HB, US, spC, livC) | Surgery | CR | 630 | Alive |
4 | neg | neg (HB, US, spC, livC) | Lomustine, chlorambucil * | PD | 360 | Related (euthanasia for progressive disease) |
5 | neg | n.a. | Surgery | CR | 720 | Alive |
6 | BCR clonal | neg (HB, US, spC, livC) | Corticosteroids, chlorambucil | SD | 240 | Alive |
7 | BCR clonal | lymphocitic leukemia (HB, U) | Corticosteroids, lomustine | PR | 240 | Alive |
8 | neg | neg (HB, US, spC, livC) | Lomustine, chlorambucil * | PR | n.a. | Unknown |
9 | TCR clonal | mild anemia and thrombocytopenia (HB) | Corticosteroids, cyclosporine, chlorambucil, lomustine * | PR (after drug withdrawal) | 334 | Alive |
10 | BCR clonal | neg (U, lnC) | Surgery | CR | 150 | Alive |
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Albanese, F.; Abramo, F.; Marino, M.; Massaro, M.; Marconato, L.; Minoli, L.; Martini, V.; Aresu, L. Feline and Canine Cutaneous Lymphocytosis: Reactive Process or Indolent Neoplastic Disease? Vet. Sci. 2022, 9, 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9010026
Albanese F, Abramo F, Marino M, Massaro M, Marconato L, Minoli L, Martini V, Aresu L. Feline and Canine Cutaneous Lymphocytosis: Reactive Process or Indolent Neoplastic Disease? Veterinary Sciences. 2022; 9(1):26. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9010026
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlbanese, Francesco, Francesca Abramo, Michele Marino, Maria Massaro, Laura Marconato, Lucia Minoli, Valeria Martini, and Luca Aresu. 2022. "Feline and Canine Cutaneous Lymphocytosis: Reactive Process or Indolent Neoplastic Disease?" Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 1: 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9010026