Diversity and Composition of Fungicolous Fungi Residing in Macrofungi from the Qinling Mountains
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
2.2. DNA Extraction
2.3. PCR Amplification and Sequencing of Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions
2.4. Preparation of Metabarcoding Libraries and Sequencing
2.5. Bioinformatic Processing and Analysis of Sequencing Data
2.6. Compilation of Metadata
2.7. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Identification of Collected Macrofungi
3.2. Distribution of Fungicolous Fungi in Macrofungal Samples
3.3. Diversity and Composition of Fungicolous Fungal Communities Varied with Months of Collection and the Habitats of Host Fungi
3.4. Trophic Modes of Host Macrofungi and Fungicolous Fungi
3.5. Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme Diversity of Host Macrofungi and Fungicolous Fungi
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Months | Widely Distributed Species | Widely Distributed Genera | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Proportion of Samples (%) | Name | Proportion of Samples (%) | |
March-April | Tubaria praestans | 56.41 | Psathyrella | 61.54 |
May-June | Laccaria amethystina | 50.00 | Entoloma | 58.33 |
July | Simplicillium cylindrosporum | 38.30 | Russula | 53.19 |
August | Agaricus moelleroides | 39.34 | Mycena | 63.93 |
September | Stereum hirsutum | 30.49 | Mycena | 43.90 |
October-November | Hypholoma fasciculare | 40.00 | Gymnopus | 73.33 |
Habitat | Widely Distributed Species | Widely Distributed Genera | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Proportion of Samples (%) | Name | Proportion of Samples (%) | |
Scrub forest | Tubaria praestans | 70.00 | Tubaria | 70.00 |
Mixed forest | Stereum hirsutum | 22.90 | Mycena | 32.06 |
Hardwood forest | Tyromyces chioneus | 35.78 | Mycena | 52.30 |
Coniferous forest | Agaricus moelleroides | 76.67 | Agaricus | 76.67 |
Categories | Saprotroph | Pathotroph | Symbiotroph | Others | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | March–April | 0.53 ± 0.11 *** | 0.05 ± 0.05 * | 0.03 ± 0.03 *** | 0.39 ± 0.08 |
May–June | 0.47 ± 0.1 *** | 0.06 ± 0.05 * | 0.06 ± 0.07 *** | 0.41 ± 0.08 | |
July | 0.28 ± 0.11 *** | 0.07 ± 0.06 * | 0.25 ± 0.14 *** | 0.4 ± 0.09 | |
August | 0.34 ± 0.1 *** | 0.09 ± 0.08 * | 0.15 ± 0.09 *** | 0.42 ± 0.08 | |
September | 0.35 ± 0.13 *** | 0.08 ± 0.07 * | 0.15 ± 0.09 *** | 0.42 ± 0.09 | |
October–November | 0.39 ± 0.05 *** | 0.07 ± 0.04 * | 0.13 ± 0.06 *** | 0.41 ± 0.06 | |
Habitat | Coniferous forest | 0.39 ± 0.05 *** | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.11 ± 0.03 *** | 0.44 ± 0.06 * |
Hardwood forest | 0.44 ± 0.15 *** | 0.07 ± 0.07 | 0.1 ± 0.1 *** | 0.39 ± 0.09 * | |
Mingled forest | 0.32 ± 0.11 *** | 0.08 ± 0.07 | 0.18 ± 0.12 *** | 0.42 ± 0.08 * | |
Scrub forest | 0.46 ± 0.13 *** | 0.1 ± 0.09 | 0.03 ± 0.06 *** | 0.41 ± 0.06 * | |
Substrate | Wood | 0.42 ± 0.15 *** | 0.08 ± 0.08 | 0.09 ± 0.08 *** | 0.41 ± 0.1 |
Ground | 0.35 ± 0.12 *** | 0.07 ± 0.05 | 0.17 ± 0.12 *** | 0.41 ± 0.08 | |
Altitude | Intermediate | 0.38 ± 0.15 | 0.08 ± 0.07 | 0.14 ± 0.13 | 0.41 ± 0.09 |
High | 0.38 ± 0.11 | 0.07 ± 0.05 | 0.13 ± 0.08 | 0.41 ± 0.08 |
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Huo, W.; Cui, L.; Yan, P.; He, X.; Zhang, L.; Liu, Y.; Dai, L.; Qi, P.; Hu, S.; Qiao, T.; et al. Diversity and Composition of Fungicolous Fungi Residing in Macrofungi from the Qinling Mountains. J. Fungi 2024, 10, 601. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10090601
Huo W, Cui L, Yan P, He X, Zhang L, Liu Y, Dai L, Qi P, Hu S, Qiao T, et al. Diversity and Composition of Fungicolous Fungi Residing in Macrofungi from the Qinling Mountains. Journal of Fungi. 2024; 10(9):601. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10090601
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuo, Wenyan, Langjun Cui, Pengdong Yan, Xuelian He, Liguang Zhang, Yu Liu, Lu Dai, Peng Qi, Suying Hu, Ting Qiao, and et al. 2024. "Diversity and Composition of Fungicolous Fungi Residing in Macrofungi from the Qinling Mountains" Journal of Fungi 10, no. 9: 601. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10090601