The First Miniature, Small Foliose, Brown Xanthoparmelia in the Northern Hemisphere
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Morphological, Anatomical, and Chemical Examinations
2.2. DNA Extraction, PCR Amplification, Sequencing, and Phylogenetic Analyses
2.3. Cell Wall Polysaccharide Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Phylogeny and Morpho-Chemical Studies
3.2. Taxonomy
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Herbarium Acc. No. | Locality | Species |
---|---|---|
H-NYL 25742 = H9506918 | Força-Real, Perpignan, France | Xanthoparmelia olivascens (type locality) |
MAF-Lich. 25204 | Força-Real, Perpignan, France | Xanthoparmelia olivascens (type locality) |
MAF-Lich. 25205 | Força-Real, Perpignan, France | Xanthoparmelia olivascens (type locality) |
MAF-Lich. 25206 | Força-Real, Perpignan, France | Xanthoparmelia olivascens (type locality) |
MAF-Lich. 25207 | Força-Real, Perpignan, France | Xanthoparmelia olivascens (type locality) |
MAF-Lich. 24758 | San Martín de Valdeiglesias, Madrid, Spain | Xanthoparmelia olivascens |
MAF-Lich. 24760 | San Martín de Valdeiglesias, Madrid, Spain | Xanthoparmelia olivascens |
MAF-Lich. 24761 | San Martín de Valdeiglesias, Madrid, Spain | Xanthoparmelia olivascens |
MAF-Lich. 16206 | Coegmansilellof, Cape Province, South Africa | Xanthoparmelia aff. supposita |
MAF-Lich. 17125 | Temuco, IX Región, Chile | Xanthoparmelia sp. |
MAF-Lich. 16445 | Alexander Bay, N Cape Province, South Africa | Xanthoparmelia tentaculina |
MAF-Lich. 14268 | Matroosberg, Cape Province, South Africa | Xanthoparmelia ovealmbornii |
MAF-Lich. 14269 | Matroosberg, Cape Province, South Africa | Xanthoparmelia azaniensis |
MAF-Lich. 21716 | Flinders Ranges, South Australia, Australia | Xanthoparmelia subcrustulosa |
MAF-Lich. 11441 | Río de Cárdenas, Zamora, Spain | Xanthoparmelia mougeotii |
MAF-Lich. 16978 | Pico del Inglés, Tenerife, Spain | Parmotrema reticulatum |
Xanthoparmelia hensseniae | X. squamariatella | X. subsquamariata | X. substygiodes | X. patagonica | X. olivascens | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thallus 1 | >2 cm wide | 1–6 cm wide | >4 cm wide | >6 cm wide | >2 cm wide | 0.2–3 cm wide |
Lobes | sublinear to subirregular, 0.2–0.5 × 0.8 mm wide | contiguous to slightly imbricate, 0.3–0.8 (–1.0) mm wide | flat to weakly convex, sublinear to subirregular, 0.3–1.0 mm wide | discrete and more or less elongate | 1–2 × 0.2–0.6 mm wide | linear to palmate, 0.2–2.5 × 0.15–1.2 mm wide |
Lower cortex | pale to black | pale to brown | pale | pale, tan to blackish | absent, medulla black pigmented under apothecia | black, brown, light brown to beige |
Rhizines | moderately rhizinate | erhizinate or unclearly rhizinate | moderately rhizinate | erhizinate | erhizinate or unclearly rhizinate | rhizinate in lobes, tufts of rhizoidal hyphae in areoles |
Ascospores | ellipsoidal, 12–13 × 4.5–6 µm | globose to ellipsoidal, 5–7 × 3.5–5.5 µm | ellipsoidal, 7–9 × 4–6 µm | globose, c. 5–5.5 μm wide | globose to ellipsoidal, 3.5–7 × 3.5–6 µm | narrowly ellipsoidal to cylindrical, 12–17.5 (–23) × 4.5–7.5 μm |
Conidia | bacilliform to bifusiform, 8–10 (–14) × 1 µm. | bacilliform, 5–6 × 1 µm | bacilliform to weakly bifusiform, 6–7 × 1 µm | fusiform to bifusiform, c. 6–8 × 1 μm | filiform to slightly bifusiform, 9–16 × 0.8 μm | bacilliform to narrowly fusiform, 7–8 × 1–1.5 µm |
Chemistry 2 | connorstictic (mi), cryptostictic (tr) | connorstictic (mi), hyposalazinic (mi) | caperatic (ma), connorstictic, norcaperatic (mi), hyposalazinic (tr) | hyposalazinic (mi), connorstictic (tr) | connorstictic, cryptostictic (mi), hyposalazinic (tr) | connorstictic, hyposalazinic, consalazinic (mi), subnorstictic, stictic (tr) |
Distribution | South Africa | Australia, New Zealand | South Africa | South Africa | South America | southwestern Europe |
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Amo de Paz, G.; Divakar, P.K.; Crespo, A.; Lumbsch, H.T.; Rico, V.J. The First Miniature, Small Foliose, Brown Xanthoparmelia in the Northern Hemisphere. J. Fungi 2024, 10, 603. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10090603
Amo de Paz G, Divakar PK, Crespo A, Lumbsch HT, Rico VJ. The First Miniature, Small Foliose, Brown Xanthoparmelia in the Northern Hemisphere. Journal of Fungi. 2024; 10(9):603. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10090603
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmo de Paz, Guillermo, Pradeep K. Divakar, Ana Crespo, Helge Thorsten Lumbsch, and Víctor J. Rico. 2024. "The First Miniature, Small Foliose, Brown Xanthoparmelia in the Northern Hemisphere" Journal of Fungi 10, no. 9: 603. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10090603