Characterization of the NRAMP Gene Family in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus irregularis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. RiSMFs Sequence Analyses
2.2. RNA Sequencing Analyses
2.3. Biological Materials and Growth Conditions
2.4. RNA Extraction and Gene Expression Analyses
2.5. Heterologous Expression
2.6. RiSMFs Subcellular Localization
2.7. Histochemical Staining of Fe
2.8. Mycorrhizal Colonization and ERM Development
2.9. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. The NRAMP Family of R. irregularis
3.2. Functional Characterization of RiSMFs in Yeast
3.3. RiSMF Genes Are Differentially Expressed in Various Fungal Structures
3.4. Mn Starvation Regulates RiSMF1 and RiSMF3.1 Expression
3.5. Impact of Fe Availability on RiSMFs Expression
3.6. Impact of Mn and Fe Deficiency on R. irregularis Development
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Control | -Mn | |
---|---|---|
Spores/cm² | 98.67 ± 21.75a | 96.28 ± 24.86a |
Hyphal length (cm) | 93.76 ± 14.07b | 197.97 ± 14.22a |
RiEF1α | 0.20 ± 0.03a | 0.15 ± 0.02a |
F% | 98.60 ± 0.50a | 93.09 ± 1.54a |
M% | 61.93 ± 2.22a | 64.94 ± 2.47a |
m% | 62.71 ± 2.21a | 64.62 ± 2.91a |
A% | 46.61 ± 1.59a | 45.77 ± 3.98a |
a% | 74.98 ± 0.63a | 74.66 ± 2.7a |
Control | -Fe | |
---|---|---|
Spores/cm² | 100.21 ± 20.89a | 42.50 ± 10.78b |
Hyphal length (cm) | 95.80 ± 6.01a | 115.01 ± 6.12a |
RiEF1α | 0.18 ± 0.05a | 0.20 ± 0.01a |
F% | 97.12 ± 2.00a | 90.88 ± 2.69a |
M% | 61.93 ± 4.34a | 49.55 ± 8.42a |
m% | 60.75 ± 3.50a | 54.27 ± 8.70a |
A% | 39.36 ± 6.81a | 32.04 ± 7.05a |
a% | 71.95 ± 7.31a | 59.72 ± 9.36a |
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López-Lorca, V.M.; Molina-Luzón, M.J.; Ferrol, N. Characterization of the NRAMP Gene Family in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8060592
López-Lorca VM, Molina-Luzón MJ, Ferrol N. Characterization of the NRAMP Gene Family in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(6):592. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8060592
Chicago/Turabian StyleLópez-Lorca, Víctor Manuel, María Jesús Molina-Luzón, and Nuria Ferrol. 2022. "Characterization of the NRAMP Gene Family in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus irregularis" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 6: 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8060592