Hydrocolloids from the Mushroom Auricularia heimuer: Composition and Properties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Extract Preparation and Deacetylation
2.2. FTIR and NMR Measurements
2.3. Determination of Total Carbohydrates and Glucans
2.4. Carbohydrate Profile
2.5. Lipid Fraction
2.6. Protein Content
2.7. Ash Content and Minerals
2.8. Relative Density and Flow Rate Measurements
2.9. Moisture Retention Capacity
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Composition
3.2. Spectroscopic Analyses
3.2.1. FTIR Spectra
3.2.2. NMR Spectra
3.3. Storage Stability
3.3.1. Consistency at Neutral pH
3.3.2. Consistency at Different pH Values
3.4. Moisture Retention Capacity
4. Conclusions
5. Patent
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Constituent | Mean ± SD (g/100 g DW) |
---|---|
Total glucans | 18.77 ± 1.47 |
α-Glucans | 0.53 ± 0.13 |
β-Glucans | 18.86 ± 0.71 |
Amino Acids | Mean, g/kg | SD | % of Total Amount |
---|---|---|---|
Alanine | 6.6 | 0.7 | 8 |
Arginine ** | 3.2 | 0.3 | 4 |
Aspartic acid | 9.0 | 0.9 | 11 |
Cysteine ** | 1.4 | 0.1 | 2 |
Glutamic acid | 8.8 | 0.9 | 11 |
Glycine ** | 3.9 | 0.4 | 5 |
Histidine * | 2.4 | 0.2 | 3 |
Isoleucine * | 2.6 | 0.3 | 3 |
Leucine * | 5.4 | 0.5 | 7 |
Lysine * | 2.5 | 0.2 | 3 |
Methionine * | 0.9 | 0.1 | 1 |
Phenylalanine * | 4.2 | 0.4 | 5 |
Proline ** | 3.6 | 0.4 | 4 |
Serine | 5.5 | 0.5 | 7 |
Threonine * | 6.2 | 0.6 | 8 |
Tryptophan * | 1.1 | 0.1 | 1 |
Tyrosine ** | 10.0 | 1.0 | 12 |
Valine * | 4.3 | 0.4 | 5 |
Total amount (18 AAs) | 81.6 | 100 | |
Essential AAs * | 29.6 | 36 | |
Essential * + semi-essential ** AAs | 51.7 | 63 | |
Top 5 AAs | 40.6 | 50 |
Fatty Acid | Mean ± SD (% of Total Fatty Acid) |
---|---|
Capric acid (C 10:0) | 0.06 ± 0.01 |
Lauric acid (C 12:0) | 0.1 ± 0.01 |
Myristic acid (C 14:0) | 0.57 ± 0.06 |
Pentadecanoic acid (C 15:0) | 1.47 ± 0.15 |
Palmitic acid (C 16:0) | 21.76 ± 2.15 |
Palmitoleic acid (C 16:1) | 0.48 ± 0.05 |
Margaric acid (C 17:0) | 0.41 ± 0.04 |
Stearic acid (C 18:0) | 10.49 ± 1.04 |
Oleic acid (C 18:1) | 23.55 ± 2.33 |
Linoleic acid (C 18:2) | 34.05 ± 3.37 |
gamma-linolenic acid (C 18:3) | 0.21 ± 0.02 |
alpha-linolenic acid (C 18:3) | 1.09 ± 0.11 |
Arachidic acid (C 20:0) | 1.18 ± 0.12 |
Eicosenoic acid (C 20:1) | 0.23 ± 0.02 |
Eicosadienic acid (C 20:2) | 0.15 ± 0.01 |
Eicosatrienic acid (C 20:3) | 0.32 ± 0.03 |
Erucic acid (C 22:1) | 2.97 ± 0.29 |
Docosadienic acid (C 22:2) | 0.08 ± 0.01 |
Lignoceric acid (C 24:0) | 0.84 ± 0.08 |
Unsaturated fatty acids | 63 |
Top 4 | 90 |
Mineral Content | Mean ± SD (mg/100 g DW) |
---|---|
Macroelements | |
K | 2560 ± 235 |
Ca | 527 ± 52 |
Mg | 203 ± 20 |
Na | 92 ± 9 |
Microelements | |
Cu | 238 ± 24 |
Fe | 11.5 ± 1.1 |
Zn | 3.7 ± 0.4 |
Total | 3635 |
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Kalitukha, L.; Bleha, R.; Synytsya, A.; Kraska, J.; Sari, M. Hydrocolloids from the Mushroom Auricularia heimuer: Composition and Properties. J. Fungi 2023, 9, 681. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9060681
Kalitukha L, Bleha R, Synytsya A, Kraska J, Sari M. Hydrocolloids from the Mushroom Auricularia heimuer: Composition and Properties. Journal of Fungi. 2023; 9(6):681. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9060681
Chicago/Turabian StyleKalitukha, Liudmila, Roman Bleha, Andriy Synytsya, Janina Kraska, and Miriam Sari. 2023. "Hydrocolloids from the Mushroom Auricularia heimuer: Composition and Properties" Journal of Fungi 9, no. 6: 681. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9060681