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Recycling
Volume 4
Issue 2
10.3390/recycling4020014
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Article

The Use of Ca- and Mg-Rich Fly Ash as a Chemical Precipitant in the Simultaneous Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus—Recycling and Reuse

by
Pekka Myllymäki
1,
Janne Pesonen
1,*,
Henrik Romar
1,
Tao Hu
1,
Pekka Tynjälä
1,2 and
Ulla Lassi
1
1
Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
2
Unit of Applied Chemistry, Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 567, FI-67101 Kokkola, Finland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Recycling 2019, 4(2), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling4020014
Submission received: 26 February 2019 / Revised: 21 March 2019 / Accepted: 28 March 2019 / Published: 30 March 2019
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Abstract

The European Union’s circular economy strategy aims to increase the recycling and re-use of products and waste materials. According to the strategy, the use of industry waste material should be more effective. A chemical precipitation method to simultaneously remove phosphorus and nitrogen from synthetic (NH4)2HPO4 solution and the liquid phase of anaerobic digestate using fly ash as a precipitant was tested. Fly ash is a waste material formed in the power plant process. It mainly contains calcium oxide (CaO) and magnesium oxide (MgO). Saturated precipitant solution was prepared from fly ash, which was added in small proportions to (NH4)2HPO4 solution during the experiment. Fly ash’s effectiveness as a precipitant was compared with that of commercial CaO and MgO salts, and it can be observed that fly ash removed as much ammonium and phosphate as commercial salts. Fly ash sufficiently removed ammonium nitrogen and phosphate from the liquid phase of anaerobic digestate, which led to the formation of ammonium magnesium hydrogen phosphate hydrate, struvite (NH4MgPO4·6H2O), and calcium hydroxide phosphate, monetite, CaPO3(OH). In this study, we have shown for the first time that fly ash can be used to manufacture recycled, slow-release fertilizers from anaerobic digestate.
Keywords: ammonium; fly ash; phosphate; precipitation; recycling fertilizer; struvite ammonium; fly ash; phosphate; precipitation; recycling fertilizer; struvite

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MDPI and ACS Style

Myllymäki, P.; Pesonen, J.; Romar, H.; Hu, T.; Tynjälä, P.; Lassi, U. The Use of Ca- and Mg-Rich Fly Ash as a Chemical Precipitant in the Simultaneous Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus—Recycling and Reuse. Recycling 2019, 4, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling4020014

AMA Style

Myllymäki P, Pesonen J, Romar H, Hu T, Tynjälä P, Lassi U. The Use of Ca- and Mg-Rich Fly Ash as a Chemical Precipitant in the Simultaneous Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus—Recycling and Reuse. Recycling. 2019; 4(2):14. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling4020014

Chicago/Turabian Style

Myllymäki, Pekka, Janne Pesonen, Henrik Romar, Tao Hu, Pekka Tynjälä, and Ulla Lassi. 2019. "The Use of Ca- and Mg-Rich Fly Ash as a Chemical Precipitant in the Simultaneous Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus—Recycling and Reuse" Recycling 4, no. 2: 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling4020014

APA Style

Myllymäki, P., Pesonen, J., Romar, H., Hu, T., Tynjälä, P., & Lassi, U. (2019). The Use of Ca- and Mg-Rich Fly Ash as a Chemical Precipitant in the Simultaneous Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus—Recycling and Reuse. Recycling, 4(2), 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling4020014

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