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Urban Science
Volume 9
Issue 10
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Urban Sci., Volume 9, Issue 10 (October 2025) – 47 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Rapid urbanization intensifies environmental challenges related to climate change in built environments. The optimization of nature-based solutions is imperative to mitigate climate change and adapt to extreme weather phenomena. This review analyses the integration of vertical greenery systems (VGSs) into urban environments to capitalize on their environmental, social, and economic benefits. Key aspects include the positive role of VGSs in UHI mitigation, air quality improvement, stormwater management, biodiversity enhancement, and social aspects. Challenges include high maintenance costs, structural risks, plant health issues and fire hazards. The study highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration of urban planners, architects, engineers, and stakeholders for optimized VGSs integration to enhance urban sustainability. View this paper
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26 pages, 3819 KB  
Article
Evaluation of Ecological Sustainability Criteria of Urban Green Spaces in Adelaide Metropolitan Area
by Raziyeh Teimouri, Sadasivam Karuppannan, Alpana Sivam and Ning Gu
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 434; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100434 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 220
Abstract
Urban green space (UGS) is a fundamental element of urban systems for enhancing the quality of urban life. UGS plays a pivotal role in promoting urban ecological sustainability if important criteria are integrated into urban planning programs. This paper explores the impacts of [...] Read more.
Urban green space (UGS) is a fundamental element of urban systems for enhancing the quality of urban life. UGS plays a pivotal role in promoting urban ecological sustainability if important criteria are integrated into urban planning programs. This paper explores the impacts of the ecological criteria on urban sustainability through UGS planning and examines these criteria within the context of the Adelaide Metropolitan Area as a case study. To address the study’s goals, a content analysis was conducted to identify the most critical criteria affecting urban ecological sustainability through UGS planning. Subsequently, based on the identified criteria, a household survey was conducted to evaluate the status of the case study concerning the ecological sustainability factors. In this stage, 100 responses were collected through a questionnaire survey. Then, based on the household survey results, a solution was provided to the challenging criteria by a local experts’ interview. For promoting urban ecological sustainability, ten criteria were identified as the most important and effective criteria based on the previous studies. Household survey data was analysed using one-sample T-test, multiple linear regression, and geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. The results indicated that the criteria of reviving ecological networks, water resources, and the protection of UGS with the score below standard average (which is 3), require practical guidelines and policies to enhance the sustainability of Adelaide Metropolitan Area. The regression analysis demonstrated that ecological landscape and design had the strongest positive effect on sustainability (adjusted R2 = 0.685), while the geographically weighted regression highlighted biodiversity and vegetation as particularly influential in Plympton (local R2 = 0.866) and Unley (local R2 = 0.488). Expert interviews recommended strategies such as wastewater recycling, long-term conservation planning, and restoring ecological connectivity. This study provides a practical framework to guide urban planners and policymakers in enhancing ecological sustainability through UGS planning. Full article
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21 pages, 16185 KB  
Article
From Land Use Change to Ecosystem Service Sustainability: Multi-Scenario Projections for Urban Agglomerations in Arid Northwest China
by Yusuyunjiang Mamitimin, Ailijiang Nuerla, Zaimire Abudushalamu and Meiling Huang
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 433; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100433 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 193
Abstract
Ecosystem services play a crucial role in sustaining human life, providing numerous benefits that are indispensable for our well-being. However, these vital functions are increasingly compromised by land use changes that have been instigated by human activities. This study aims to evaluate the [...] Read more.
Ecosystem services play a crucial role in sustaining human life, providing numerous benefits that are indispensable for our well-being. However, these vital functions are increasingly compromised by land use changes that have been instigated by human activities. This study aims to evaluate the spatiotemporal variability of ecosystem service value (ESV) within the urban agglomeration located on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains over a historical period stretching from 1990 to 2020, utilizing land use data to conduct a thorough analysis. Subsequently, the Future Land Use Simulation (FLUS) model was employed to forecast ESV in 2030 under three developmental pathways: Ecological Protection Scenario (EPS), Cultivated Land Protection Scenario (CLPS), and Natural Development Scenario (NDS). The evaluation incorporated six primary land classes: cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water bodies, construction land, and unused land. The FLUS model was validated with strong accuracy (overall accuracy = 0.97, Kappa = 0.94). ESV was estimated using the value coefficient method based on equivalent factors, adjusted with a local economic coefficient for crop production. All values are expressed in constant 2020 CNY without further price normalization. Our results show that between 1990 and 2020, cultivated land expanded by 27.18% (17,721 to 22,538 km2) and construction land increased by 75.91% (1926 to 3388 km2), while grassland decreased from 63,502 to 59,027 km2 and unused land declined from 106,292 to 104,690 km2. Minor changes occurred in forest land and water bodies. Total ESV decreased from 679.06 × 108 CNY in 1990 to 657.67 × 108 CNY in 2020, a decline of 3.15%. Regulating, supporting, and cultural services all decreased, while provisioning services increased. Spatially, vegetated areas functioned as ESV hot spots, whereas construction-degraded areas were identified as cold spots. Scenario projections for 2030 show that under the CLPS and NDS, ESV would further decline by 11.49 × 108 CNY (−1.75%) and 10.18 × 108 CNY (−1.55%), respectively. In contrast, the EPS is projected to increase ESV by 4.53 × 108 CNY (+0.69%), reaching 662.20 × 108 CNY. Full article
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27 pages, 1468 KB  
Article
Egypt’s Regional Innovation Capacity Disparities and New Smart City Prospects: A Quantitative Analysis
by Mohamed Abouelhassan Ali, Éva Komlósi, Zoltan Orban and Sara Elhadad
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 432; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100432 - 20 Oct 2025
Viewed by 311
Abstract
This study evaluates the innovation capacity of Egypt’s governorates to identify their potential for developing smart cities as innovation hubs. Smart cities represent essential instruments for tackling complicated urban issues like environmental degradation, regional economic disparities, and rapid urbanization. In the framework of [...] Read more.
This study evaluates the innovation capacity of Egypt’s governorates to identify their potential for developing smart cities as innovation hubs. Smart cities represent essential instruments for tackling complicated urban issues like environmental degradation, regional economic disparities, and rapid urbanization. In the framework of Egypt Vision 2030, the establishment of fourteen fourth-generation smart cities is seen as an essential initiative to promote balanced, innovation-driven regional development. However, the absence of a thorough assessment of regional innovation capabilities during the planning phase poses significant concerns regarding the viability of attaining these objectives. A quantitative approach is employed to address this research gap, utilizing a composite Regional Innovation Capacity Index (RICI) as well as conducting cluster analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis to assess the 27 governorates’ innovation capacities. The findings show significant gaps in innovation capacity among regions, with notable variances in knowledge creation, knowledge utilization, and supportive infrastructure. The findings demonstrate that new smart cities have been developed in some governorates with limited innovation capacity, while high-capacity governorates remain underutilized. These disparities underscore the need for specific policy actions to strengthen innovation ecosystems in lagging regions. The study offers actionable insights on how to match regional innovation capacities with Egypt’s smart city development policy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Buildings and Cities: Integrated Research on Smart Strategies for Renewal and Resilience)
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36 pages, 686 KB  
Article
The Relationships Between Land Use Characteristics, Neighbourhood Perceptions, Socio-Economic Factors and Travel Behaviour in Compact and Sprawled Neighbourhoods in Windhoek
by Hilma Nuuyandja, Noleen Pisa, Houshmand Masoumi and Chengete Chakamera
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 431; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100431 - 20 Oct 2025
Viewed by 243
Abstract
This study examines how Windhoek’s urban form, shaped by apartheid-era planning, continues to influence neighbourhood travel behaviour, socio-economic disparity, and residential perceptions. It addresses three key questions: (1) How do socio-economic characteristics, neighbourhood perceptions, and travel patterns differ between compact and sprawled areas? [...] Read more.
This study examines how Windhoek’s urban form, shaped by apartheid-era planning, continues to influence neighbourhood travel behaviour, socio-economic disparity, and residential perceptions. It addresses three key questions: (1) How do socio-economic characteristics, neighbourhood perceptions, and travel patterns differ between compact and sprawled areas? (2) Which socio-economic, perceptual, and spatial factors are associated with the likelihood of neighbourhood-based shopping in compact versus sprawled urban forms? (3) What are the determinants of entertainment and recreational travel behaviour within neighbourhoods across the two urban forms? Using survey data from 1000 residents, the analysis employs chi-square tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, binary logistic regression, and multivariate regression models. Findings reveal that compact areas, characterised by higher incomes, stronger place attachment, and greater infrastructural diversity, support more frequent neighbourhood travel. By contrast, sprawled peripheries, despite higher population densities, remain marked by socio-economic marginalisation, limited amenity access, and negative perceptions that constrain neighbourhood mobility. Across both forms, long-term residence and belonging strongly predict neighbourhood travel, while concerns over traffic safety and crime consistently suppress participation. The results show that spatial proximity alone does not ensure accessibility; emotional, perceptual, and structural barriers mediate neighbourhood mobility. The study highlights the need for integrated planning that addresses both physical infrastructure and lived experience to advance equitable and sustainable mobility in post-colonial contexts. Full article
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24 pages, 1326 KB  
Article
Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Model for Security Perception in Smart Apartments from a User Experience Perspective
by Jingbo Zhang and Shuxuan Meng
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 430; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100430 - 19 Oct 2025
Viewed by 297
Abstract
With an aging population and the widespread adoption of smart technologies, elderly residents’ perceived safety in smart apartments has become a critical determinant of their quality of life and their acceptance of technology. However, much of the current research remains confined to either [...] Read more.
With an aging population and the widespread adoption of smart technologies, elderly residents’ perceived safety in smart apartments has become a critical determinant of their quality of life and their acceptance of technology. However, much of the current research remains confined to either technical or psychological dimensions, with insufficient attention to the systematic interactions among multiple factors as experienced by elderly populations. This study aims to systematically evaluate and optimize the living environments of older adults, with the goal of enhancing their overall quality of life and subjective well-being. This study employs the DANP–mV model to empirically analyze the safety perception of older adults in smart apartments, integrating case-based investigation and evaluation to propose targeted optimization strategies and improvement pathways. Unlike traditional approaches that treat criteria as independent, this hybrid model reveals the interdependencies among factors and establishes a more realistic prioritization of improvement actions. The study found that, compared with merely reinforcing physical security measures, factors such as enhanced remote security support, a stronger sense of control and coping confidence, and higher satisfaction with the protective system exert a more fundamental influence on the overall safety perception. These results demonstrate that adopting a systems-thinking approach shifts the focus of decision-making from superficial safety risks to underlying causal drivers, thereby mitigating resource allocation imbalances and enhancing the effectiveness and sustainability of safety improvement measures. Full article
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25 pages, 16907 KB  
Article
Territorial Impacts of the Ruta Viva Expressway in Peri-Urban Quito (2011–2024): A PCA-Based, Census-Tract Assessment
by Pablo Macanchi, Vinicio Moya-Almeida, Paúl Aguilar, Irene Vinueza, Deysi Maisincho, Tatiana Astudillo-Ortega and Francisco Cabrera-Torres
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 429; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100429 - 16 Oct 2025
Viewed by 553
Abstract
This study examines territorial transformations in five rural parishes of the Metropolitan District of Quito induced by the Ruta Viva expressway (inaugurated in 2013). Using census tracts for 2011, 2017, 2021, and 2024 and four variables—urban land use (COS/BCR), building permits (metropolitan licenses), [...] Read more.
This study examines territorial transformations in five rural parishes of the Metropolitan District of Quito induced by the Ruta Viva expressway (inaugurated in 2013). Using census tracts for 2011, 2017, 2021, and 2024 and four variables—urban land use (COS/BCR), building permits (metropolitan licenses), land value, and population density—we construct a PCA-based territorial impact index and classify outcomes with Jenks natural breaks. Results show marked heterogeneity across parishes: Cumbayá–Tumbaco concentrates high-impact tracts and sustained consolidation, while Pifo–Tababela–Puembo exhibits selective or delayed changes. Over 2011–2024, land value more than tripled on average (with parish-level peaks > 200%), and the population grew 46%, reshaping density patterns. The findings highlight infrastructure-induced reconfiguration and underscore the need to align territorial planning instruments with value capture and inclusionary tools for more equitable and environmentally sustainable outcomes. Full article
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20 pages, 18277 KB  
Article
Façade Strategies for Climate Resilience: The Impact of Thermal Mass and Albedo on Urban Microclimates Across Different Climatic Zones
by Noelia Alchapar, Emanuela Giancola, Gloria Pérez, Maira Terraza and Cláudia Pezzuto
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 428; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100428 - 16 Oct 2025
Viewed by 379
Abstract
The intensification of thermal stress in cities due to urbanization and climate change underscores the urgent need to improve outdoor habitability. This study analyses the influence of three opaque façade technologies—traditional, lightweight and external thermal insulation composite systems—combined with two albedo levels (0.30 [...] Read more.
The intensification of thermal stress in cities due to urbanization and climate change underscores the urgent need to improve outdoor habitability. This study analyses the influence of three opaque façade technologies—traditional, lightweight and external thermal insulation composite systems—combined with two albedo levels (0.30 and 0.80), on summer outdoor conditions in Mendoza (Argentina), Madrid (Spain) and Campinas (Brazil). Using a calibrated microclimatic model with ENVI-met v5.6 software, a digital replica of a 10-storey urban canyon was simulated to generate 18 scenarios, assessing the effect of façade thermal mass and reflectivity on the urban microclimate. The results show that (i) scenarios that mainly affect air temperature (AT) are those that modify the thermal mass of the façade technologies. For example, traditional technology with a low albedo reduce maximum AT by up to 1.2 °C in Campinas, 0.89 °C in Mendoza, and 0.81 °C in Madrid compared to light technology with the same albedo level. (ii) Mean radiant temperature (MRT) increases significantly in scenarios involving lightweight façade by 4.53 °C in Madrid, 4.46 °C in Mendoza, and 3.39 °C in Campinas. Conversely, increasing façade albedo further amplifies MRT due to multiple reflections in urban canyons with increases of 6.50 °C in Campinas, 6.09 °C in Mendoza, and 5.33 °C in Madrid. The impact is more pronounced with traditional façades. (iii) Traditional façades and low-albedo ETIC systems experience the fewest hours of very high thermal stress (UTCI > 38 °C), whereas lightweight façades increase exposure to extreme heat. Overall, air temperature is primarily determined by façade thermal mass, mean radiant temperature by surface reflectivity, and thermal comfort by the combined effect of both. These findings confirm that high reflectivity can be counterproductive in dense urban canyons, emphasizing the importance of climate- and morphology-sensitive façade strategies for urban resilience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Urban Agenda)
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17 pages, 1205 KB  
Article
Fragmented Realities: Middle-Class Perception Gaps and Environmental Indifference in Jakarta and Phnom Penh
by Francisco Benita, Hamzah Yaacob and Rafael Martinez
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 427; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100427 - 16 Oct 2025
Viewed by 316
Abstract
Rapid urbanization in Southeast Asia has created a paradox between severe environmental degradation and the often-muted concern of urban residents. The objective of this study is to explain this disconnect by comparatively analyzing the structural factors that shape environmental perceptions among the urban [...] Read more.
Rapid urbanization in Southeast Asia has created a paradox between severe environmental degradation and the often-muted concern of urban residents. The objective of this study is to explain this disconnect by comparatively analyzing the structural factors that shape environmental perceptions among the urban middle class in Jakarta and Phnom Penh. Drawing on survey data from over 2000 households, the study reveals two distinct narratives. In Jakarta, the middle class reports a surprisingly low frequency of environmental problems, suggesting a “perception gap” driven by physical and social insulation from the city’s harshest realities. Conversely, in Phnom Penh, residents report higher concern, but their widespread silence when asked for solutions points not to apathy but to a sense of powerlessness within a top-down governance system. We argue that apparent environmental indifference is not a uniform phenomenon but a product of distinct structural forces. The paper’s contribution is to illustrate how urban fragmentation, class-based insulation, and perceived political agency shape the relationship between environmental reality and citizen concern. Full article
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17 pages, 871 KB  
Article
A Baseline Assessment of Residential Wood Burning and Urban Air Quality in Climate-Vulnerable Chilean Cities
by Ricardo Baettig and Ben Ingram
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 426; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100426 - 15 Oct 2025
Viewed by 227
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive latitudinal analysis of air particulate matter (PM) across an 1400 km pollution corridor spanning Chile’s central-southern zone. We systematically analyzed PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations across eight major urban centers (2014–2015), providing crucial pre-Paris Agreement baseline data [...] Read more.
This study presents a comprehensive latitudinal analysis of air particulate matter (PM) across an 1400 km pollution corridor spanning Chile’s central-southern zone. We systematically analyzed PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations across eight major urban centers (2014–2015), providing crucial pre-Paris Agreement baseline data for South America’s most extensive air quality monitoring network. Our analysis reveals significant pollution gradients, with Coyhaique ranking one of the world’s most severely polluted cities (95th percentile globally, WHO database) and demonstrating an extreme 86% fine particulate matter ratio that far exceeds international urban standards. Residential wood combustion (RWC) demonstrates systematic correlations with fine PM concentrations (R2 > 0.96), suggesting RWC is the dominant pollution driver across multiple climate zones. The documented pollution patterns represent a concerning continental-scale environmental pattern, with 4900–6500 annual premature deaths directly attributable to PM2.5 exposure-one of the highest per-capita pollution mortality rates in South America. This work provides a methodological framework applicable to mountain-valley pollution systems globally while addressing critical knowledge gaps in regional air quality science. The evidence indicates the need for urgent implementation of comprehensive wood combustion control strategies and positions this research as essential baseline documentation for both national air quality policy and international climate change assessment frameworks. Full article
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1 pages, 119 KB  
Retraction
RETRACTED: Baek, H.Y.; Kim, J.H. Prediction of Urban Air Mobility and Drone Accident Rates and the Role of Urban Management Systems. Urban Sci. 2025, 9, 24
by Han Yeol Baek and Jung Hoon Kim
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 425; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100425 - 14 Oct 2025
Viewed by 234
Abstract
The journal retracts the article titled “Prediction of Urban Air Mobility and Drone Accident Rates and the Role of Urban Management Systems” [...] Full article
26 pages, 3340 KB  
Article
Spatial Modelling of Urban Accessibility: Insights from Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
by Filip Arnaut, Sreten Jevremović, Aleksandra Kolarski, Zoran R. Mijić and Vladimir A. Srećković
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 424; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100424 - 13 Oct 2025
Viewed by 279
Abstract
This study presents the first comprehensive spatial accessibility assessment of essential urban services in Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, conducted entirely with open-source tools and data. The analysis focused on six facility categories: primary healthcare centers, public pharmacies, primary and secondary schools, libraries, and [...] Read more.
This study presents the first comprehensive spatial accessibility assessment of essential urban services in Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, conducted entirely with open-source tools and data. The analysis focused on six facility categories: primary healthcare centers, public pharmacies, primary and secondary schools, libraries, and green markets. Spatial accessibility was modelled using OpenRouteService (ORS) isochrones for walking travel times of 5, 10, and 15 min, combined with population data from the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL). Results indicate that 79% of residents live within a 15-min walk of a healthcare facility, 74% of a pharmacy, 89% of an elementary school, 52% of a high school, 60% of a library, and 62% of a green market. Central administrative units such as Vračar, Zvezdara, and Stari Grad demonstrated nearly complete service coverage, while peripheral areas, including Resnik, Jajinci, and Višnjica, exhibited substantial accessibility deficits, often coinciding with lower-income zones. The developed workflow provides a transparent, replicable approach for identifying underserved neighborhoods and prioritizing investments in public infrastructure. This research emphasizes the role of spatial accessibility analysis in advancing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), contributing to the creation of more inclusive, walkable, and sustainable urban environments, while on the other hand, it offers practical insights for improving urban equity, guiding policy formulation, and supporting necessary planning decisions. Subsequent research will focus on alternative facilities, other cities such as Novi Sad and Niš, and the disparity between urban and rural populations. Full article
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27 pages, 3466 KB  
Article
Optimal Placement of Electric Vehicle Stations Using High-Granularity Human Flow Data
by Sirin Prommakhot, Mikiharu Arimura and Apicha Thoumeun
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 423; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100423 - 13 Oct 2025
Viewed by 283
Abstract
Suboptimal placement of charging infrastructure is a major barrier to the transition to sustainable transportation, even with the growing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs). The research addresses this challenge by proposing a novel hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the NP-hard Multiple-Choice Multidimensional [...] Read more.
Suboptimal placement of charging infrastructure is a major barrier to the transition to sustainable transportation, even with the growing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs). The research addresses this challenge by proposing a novel hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the NP-hard Multiple-Choice Multidimensional Knapsack Problem (MMKP) for computationally derived optimal charging station placement and configurations in Sapporo, Japan. The methodology leverages high-granularity human flow data to identify charging demand and a Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP)-based encoding to prioritize potential station locations. A greedy heuristic then decodes this prioritization, selecting charger configurations that maximize service capacity within a defined budget. The results reveal that as the budget increases, the network evolves through distinct phases of concentrated deployment, expansion, and saturation, with a nonlinear increase in covered demand, indicating diminishing returns on investment. The findings demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed model in providing a strategic roadmap for urban planners and policymakers to make cost-effective decisions that maximize charging demand coverage and accelerate EV adoption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart City Transportation and Electric Vehicles: Innovations for Sustainable Urban Mobility)
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27 pages, 3909 KB  
Article
Second-Life EV Batteries for PV–SLB Hybrid Petrol Stations: A Roadmap for Malaysia’s Urban Energy Transition
by Md Tanjil Sarker, Gobbi Ramasamy, Marran Al Qwaid and Shashikumar Krishnan
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 422; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100422 - 13 Oct 2025
Viewed by 563
Abstract
The rapid growth of electric vehicle (EV) adoption in Malaysia is projected to generate substantial volumes of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries, creating both environmental challenges and opportunities for repurposing into second-life batteries (SLBs). This study investigates the technical, economic, and regulatory feasibility of deploying [...] Read more.
The rapid growth of electric vehicle (EV) adoption in Malaysia is projected to generate substantial volumes of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries, creating both environmental challenges and opportunities for repurposing into second-life batteries (SLBs). This study investigates the technical, economic, and regulatory feasibility of deploying SLBs for photovoltaic (PV) energy storage in petrol stations, an application aligned with the nation’s energy transition goals. Laboratory testing of Nissan Leaf ZE0 battery modules over a 120-day operation period demonstrated stable cycling performance with approximately 7% capacity fade, maintaining state-of-health (SOH) above 47%. A case study of a 12 kWp PV–SLB hybrid system for a typical Malaysian petrol station shows 45 kWh of usable storage, capable of offsetting a daily electricity demand of 45 kWh, reducing capital cost by 30–50% compared to new lithium-ion systems, and achieving 70–80% lifecycle CO2 emission reductions. The proposed architecture leverages SLBs’ suitability for slower, steady discharge to provide reliable nighttime operation and grid load relief, particularly in semi-urban and rural stations. Beyond technical validation, the paper evaluates economic benefits, environmental impacts, and Malaysia’s regulatory readiness, identifying gaps in certification standards, reverse logistics, and workforce skills. Strategic recommendations are proposed to enable large-scale SLB deployment and integration into hybrid PV–petrol station systems. Findings indicate that SLBs can serve as a cost-effective, sustainable energy storage solution, supporting Malaysia’s National Energy Transition Roadmap (NETR), advancing circular economy practices, and positioning the country as a potential ASEAN leader in battery repurposing. Full article
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30 pages, 6591 KB  
Article
Net-Zero Energy Retrofitting in Perth’s Residential Sector: Key Features and Strategies for Sustainable Building Transformation
by Taqir Mahmood Romeo, Tahmina Ahsan and Atiq Zaman
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 421; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100421 - 13 Oct 2025
Viewed by 580
Abstract
The study aims to identify optimum retrofitting strategies that mitigate climate change and support Australia’s net-zero emissions target by 2050. Current heating and cooling demands, as well as the energy performance of three stand-alone houses built before 2003, were evaluated to determine optimal [...] Read more.
The study aims to identify optimum retrofitting strategies that mitigate climate change and support Australia’s net-zero emissions target by 2050. Current heating and cooling demands, as well as the energy performance of three stand-alone houses built before 2003, were evaluated to determine optimal retrofitting measures. Based on a comprehensive literature review and physical building surveys and energy simulations using FirstRate5 of three selected case studies of stand-alone houses in Australia’s climate zone 5, the study identifies and proposes effective retrofitting opportunities in Western Australia. Additionally, the outcomes from FirstRate5 illustrate that improving ceiling and exterior wall insulation in living and dining areas, sealing air leaks, reducing overshading, and replacing single-glazed windows with double-glazed units while enlarging north-facing windows, following the recommended wall–window ratio significantly improve the energy rating of the selected houses. The average energy rating performance of the three selected stand-alone houses increases from an average below 3.5 stars (211.5 MJ/m2) to above 7.5 stars (46.7 MJ/m2), representing around 76.6% improvement in energy efficiency. Just to contextualise the scale up, such retrofitting of all old stand-alone houses built before 2003 would potentially reduce emissions by 12.73 Mt CO2-e/year, representing a 3.16% contribution toward Australia’s national emission reduction target by 2035. Additionally, installing solar energy systems could reduce an extra 4.5 Mt CO2-e/year. The study’s findings demand robust retrofitting strategies for Australia to achieve its 2050 net-zero emissions targets. Full article
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20 pages, 3108 KB  
Article
Core–Periphery Dynamics and Spatial Inequalities in the African Context: A Case Study of Greater Casablanca
by Soukaina Tayi, Rachida El-Bouayady and Hicham Bahi
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 420; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100420 - 11 Oct 2025
Viewed by 660
Abstract
Greater Casablanca, one of Africa’s largest metropolitan regions, is undergoing significant spatial and demographic transformation. Yet, the underlying patterns of these dynamics remain poorly understood. This study investigates population dynamics and spatial inequalities in Greater Casablanca between 2014 and 2024. The analysis combines [...] Read more.
Greater Casablanca, one of Africa’s largest metropolitan regions, is undergoing significant spatial and demographic transformation. Yet, the underlying patterns of these dynamics remain poorly understood. This study investigates population dynamics and spatial inequalities in Greater Casablanca between 2014 and 2024. The analysis combines geospatial data, regression modeling, and clustering techniques to explore the interplay between demographic change, housing affordability, public-transport accessibility, and economic activity, providing a data-driven perspective on how these factors shape spatial inequalities and the region’s urban development trajectory. The results reveal a clear core–periphery divide. The central prefecture has lost population despite continued land consumption, while peripheral communes have experienced rapid demographic and economic expansion. This growth is strongly associated with affordable housing and high rates of new-firm formation, but it occurs where transport access remains weakest. Cluster analysis identifies four socio-spatial types, ranging from a shrinking but well-served core to fast-growing, poorly connected peripheries. The study underscores the need for integrated policy interventions to improve transport connectivity, implement inclusive housing strategies, and manage economic decentralization in ways that foster balanced and sustainable metropolitan development. By situating Greater Casablanca’s trajectory within global urbanization debates, this research extends core–periphery and shrinking-city frameworks to a North African context and provides evidence-based insights to support progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 11. Full article
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19 pages, 725 KB  
Article
Resilience Behind Barriers: Life, Labour, and Lockdown in Singapore’s Dormitories
by Ganapathy Narayanan and Vineeta Sinha
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 419; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100419 - 11 Oct 2025
Viewed by 485
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, migrant workers in Singapore endured one of the longest and most stringent periods of confinement globally. Segregationist policies were intensified as the state imposed strict disciplinary regimes over workers’ mobility and everyday lives, framed as public health interventions but [...] Read more.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, migrant workers in Singapore endured one of the longest and most stringent periods of confinement globally. Segregationist policies were intensified as the state imposed strict disciplinary regimes over workers’ mobility and everyday lives, framed as public health interventions but functioning also as labor discipline and social control. This study asks: how did migrant workers experience, narrate, and endure life under such conditions of confinement? Drawing on sixteen in-depth interviews with South Asian male construction workers, conducted in dormitories and makeshift worksites, we adopt a grounded theory approach to elicit contextually grounded accounts of life under lockdown. The analysis highlights three interrelated themes: emotional regulation, migrant masculinity and the gendered politics of endurance, and digital connectivity as an affective infrastructure. These practices enabled workers to carve out agentic spaces within structures designed to render them passive. Our findings reveal that even amid fear, surveillance, overcrowding, and economic precarity, workers combined stoicism, transnational kinship ties, religious routines, and solidarity to sustain resilience. While initially guided by Foucauldian notions of surveillance and biopower, the study advances a counter-Foucauldian insight: that institutional control is never total, and migrant narratives of resilience offer nuanced understandings of agency under constrain. Full article
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22 pages, 1249 KB  
Review
From Ocean to Table: How Public Awareness Shapes the Fight Against Microplastic Pollution
by Joshua Khorsandi, Liahm Blank, Kaloyan Momchilov, Michael Dagovetz and Kavita Batra
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 418; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100418 - 8 Oct 2025
Viewed by 650
Abstract
Microplastic pollution is an escalating environmental and public health issue. Defined as plastic particles less than 5 mm in size, microplastics have been found in oceans, rivers, food, drinking water, air, and even human tissues. While scientific research on microplastics has expanded significantly, [...] Read more.
Microplastic pollution is an escalating environmental and public health issue. Defined as plastic particles less than 5 mm in size, microplastics have been found in oceans, rivers, food, drinking water, air, and even human tissues. While scientific research on microplastics has expanded significantly, public understanding and behavioral change remain limited. This literature scan synthesizes global findings on public awareness, perceptions, and responses to microplastics, drawing from surveys, focus groups, and online behavioral data collected by existing studies. It explores the following: (1) general knowledge and perceived environmental and health risks; (2) trust in scientific and governmental sources; (3) willingness to adopt behavioral changes; (4) attitudes toward policy and corporate responsibility. Public concern is high, especially regarding marine life and food safety, but varies across populations based on education, socioeconomic status, and media exposure. Despite growing concern, psychological distance and persistent knowledge gaps hinder meaningful action. Communication strategies such as school programs, media campaigns, and eco-labels show mixed success, while regulatory interventions like plastic bags or microbead bans are more effective when supported by clear public messaging. This literature scan highlights the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to close the knowledge–behavior–policy gap and strengthen public engagement, particularly in urban settings where consumption and waste generation are concentrated. Full article
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17 pages, 2385 KB  
Article
Urban Heat Island Effect and Unequal Temperature-Related News Attention in Taiwan’s Major Cities
by Tsz-Kin Lau and Hsieh-Chih Hsu
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 417; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100417 - 8 Oct 2025
Viewed by 997
Abstract
Taiwan, located in a subtropical region, has experienced continuous warming in recent years, making the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect one of its most pressing environmental challenges. Importantly, UHI is not confined to Taipei, the most populous city, but is also present in [...] Read more.
Taiwan, located in a subtropical region, has experienced continuous warming in recent years, making the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect one of its most pressing environmental challenges. Importantly, UHI is not confined to Taipei, the most populous city, but is also present in other metropolitan areas. This study investigates UHI effects in the five largest cities in Taiwan and examines climate-related news attention using web crawling. Cross-city comparisons are further conducted through Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII) and correlation analysis. The results reveal that Taipei records the highest number of UHI-related news reports, particularly during summer, and its UHII is about 1.5 °C to 3 °C higher than in the other four cities. In addition, UHII in Taipei shows a marked increase between 2021 and 2023, suggesting a worsening impact on citizens’ living conditions. Meanwhile, news coverage in Taipei dominates nationwide attention, creating a spatially uneven distribution of media focus. This imbalance may undermine efforts to promote UHI mitigation and adaptation strategies in cities outside Taipei. Overall, this study highlights that UHI is not solely a problem of Taipei but a widespread issue across Taiwan’s urban areas. The findings provide useful references for policymakers and government agencies, emphasizing the need for equitable attention and broader public engagement through media channels to raise awareness and foster comprehensive climate adaptation actions. Full article
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30 pages, 15201 KB  
Article
A Comparative Study of Vegetation Strategies for Outdoor Thermal Comfort in High- and Low-Density Urban Areas
by Mohammed M. Gomaa, Jackline Nabil, Djihed Berkouk and Ayman Ragab
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 416; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100416 - 8 Oct 2025
Viewed by 412
Abstract
The urban heat island (UHI) significantly compromises outdoor thermal comfort and public health in hot climates. While urban vegetation is a recognized mitigation strategy, its performance variability across different urban fabrics remains a critical knowledge gap. This research quantitatively evaluates the microclimatic impact [...] Read more.
The urban heat island (UHI) significantly compromises outdoor thermal comfort and public health in hot climates. While urban vegetation is a recognized mitigation strategy, its performance variability across different urban fabrics remains a critical knowledge gap. This research quantitatively evaluates the microclimatic impact of vegetation strategies by comparing two districts with distinct urban morphologies: low-density and high-density. Using the Envi-met software, we simulated a reference case and four vegetation scenarios with constant 50% grass coverage and incrementally increasing tree percentages (0% to 75%). Thermal performance was assessed through key metrics, including air temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH), mean radiant temperature (Tmrt), and Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET). The results reveal that vegetation’s effectiveness is directly correlated with urban density. The most comprehensive strategy (Scenario-D: 50% grass, 75% trees) reduced peak PET by up to 7.5 °C in the low-density El Khazzan, a reduction nearly three times greater than the 2.7 °C achieved in the high-density El Akkad. Similarly, this scenario achieved a maximum daytime Ta reduction of 0.92 K in El Khazzan, compared to only 0.4 K in the high-density district. The study also identifies a critical trade-off: high-density tree scenarios increased nighttime temperatures by up to 0.4 K due to disrupted airflow, whereas the grass-only scenario maintained thermal stability. These findings underscore that a one-size-fits-all approach to urban greening is insufficient. For practical implications, urban planners must abandon generic strategies and integrate a nuanced understanding of local morphology to maximize the thermal benefits of vegetation, particularly in hot, arid environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Sustainable Built Environment, 2nd Volume)
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19 pages, 2870 KB  
Article
Comprehensive Assessment of Heavy Metal(loid) Pollution in Agricultural and Urban Soils near an Oil Refining Facility: Distribution Patterns, Source Apportionment, Ecological Impact, and Probabilistic Health Risk Analysis
by Andrijana Miletić, Jelena Vesković, Milica Lučić, Memet Varol, Dragan Crnković, Nebojša Potkonjak and Antonije Onjia
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 415; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100415 - 8 Oct 2025
Viewed by 357
Abstract
This study investigated the spatial distribution of HMs in agricultural and urban soils near the largest oil refining complex in Serbia, identified pollution sources, and assessed ecological and human health risks. A large fraction of soil samples showed elevated Hg (40% of samples), [...] Read more.
This study investigated the spatial distribution of HMs in agricultural and urban soils near the largest oil refining complex in Serbia, identified pollution sources, and assessed ecological and human health risks. A large fraction of soil samples showed elevated Hg (40% of samples), Pb (53%), Cd (90%), and As (93%) concentrations compared to the background levels. Hotspots for Pb, As, Hg, Cd, and Zn were observed in the industrial area, indicating significant anthropogenic input. Multivariate analysis, including PMF, revealed four contamination sources: emissions from the oil refining industry, agricultural activities, traffic emissions, and natural background. The pollution indices mostly fell into the moderate pollution range, with As, Hg, and Cd showing the highest enrichment. The potential ecological risk index (RI) indicated that about one-third of the samples had moderate ecological risk and determined a major RI hotspot near the refinery. The health risk assessment identified As and Cr as the largest contributors to non-carcinogenic risk, although the average HI was below one. Monte Carlo simulation confirmed that adults and children had negligible health risks at the 95th percentile and highlighted exposure frequency and body weight as the most influential exposure parameters. Based on source-specific risk, the oil refining industry emissions had the highest impact on HI and TCR values. Full article
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23 pages, 401 KB  
Article
BRT Systems in Brazil: Technical Analysis of Advances, Challenges, and Operational Gaps
by Luciana Costa Brizon, Joyce Azevedo Caetano, Cintia Machado de Oliveira and Rômulo Dante Orrico Filho
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 414; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100414 - 8 Oct 2025
Viewed by 633
Abstract
This paper examines the advances and challenges of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems in Brazil, considering their potential in promoting sustainable urban mobility. Rapid urbanization and the predominance of private motorized transport have intensified the need for efficient, accessible, and environmentally sound collective [...] Read more.
This paper examines the advances and challenges of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems in Brazil, considering their potential in promoting sustainable urban mobility. Rapid urbanization and the predominance of private motorized transport have intensified the need for efficient, accessible, and environmentally sound collective transport solutions. BRT has emerged as a cost-effective alternative to rail systems, combining high capacity, lower implementation costs, and operational flexibility. The study focuses on three Brazilian cities (Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, and Fortaleza) selected for their regional diversity and distinct BRT models. Using the Delphi method, the analysis was structured around three dimensions: road infrastructure, transport planning and networks, and system operation and performance. Results indicate significant progress in terms of exclusive corridors, integration terminals, express services, and the adoption of Intelligent Transport Systems. However, structural gaps persist, particularly regarding incomplete infrastructure, weak integration between trunk and feeder lines, limited monitoring of feeder services, and insufficient adaptation of networks to urban dynamics. The findings highlight that the effectiveness of Brazilian BRT systems depends on strengthening feeder lines, improving physical and fare integration, and expanding sustainable infrastructure. Full article
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18 pages, 1723 KB  
Article
Sensor Placement for the Classification of Multiple Failure Types in Urban Water Distribution Networks
by Utsav Parajuli, Binod Ale Magar, Amrit Babu Ghimire and Sangmin Shin
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 413; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100413 - 7 Oct 2025
Viewed by 442
Abstract
Urban water distribution networks (WDNs) are increasingly vulnerable to diverse disruptions, including pipe leaks/bursts and cyber–physical failures. A critical step in a resilience-based approach against these disruptions is the rapid and reliable identification of failures and their types for the timely implementation of [...] Read more.
Urban water distribution networks (WDNs) are increasingly vulnerable to diverse disruptions, including pipe leaks/bursts and cyber–physical failures. A critical step in a resilience-based approach against these disruptions is the rapid and reliable identification of failures and their types for the timely implementation of emergency or recovery actions. This study proposes a framework for sensor placement and multiple failure type classification in WDNs. It applies a wrapper-based feature selection (recursive feature elimination) with Random Forest (RF–RFE) to find the best sensor locations and employs an Autoencoder–Random Forest (AE–RF) framework for failure type identification. The framework was tested on the C-town WDN using the failure type scenarios of pipe leakage, cyberattacks, and physical attacks, which were generated using EPANET-CPA and WNTR models. The results showed a higher performance of the framework for single failure events, with accuracy of 0.99 for leakage, 0.98 for cyberattacks, and 0.95 for physical attacks, while the performance for multiple failure classification was lower, but still acceptable, with a performance accuracy of 0.90. The reduced performance was attributed to the model’s difficulty in distinguishing failure types when they produced hydraulically similar consequences. The proposed framework combining sensor placement and multiple failure identification will contribute to advance the existing data-driven approaches and to strengthen urban WDN resilience to conventional and cyber–physical disruptions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Water Resources Assessment and Environmental Governance)
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26 pages, 3443 KB  
Article
Bridging Perceptions: A Comparative Evaluation of Public Space Design Qualities by Experts and Users
by Ioannis Chatziioannou, Panagiotis Kanellopoulos, Charalampos Kyriakidis and Efthimios Bakogiannis
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 412; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100412 - 7 Oct 2025
Viewed by 555
Abstract
In the context of public space research, numerous studies highlight its vital role in fostering public life and social interaction. With urbanization on the rise and most people living in cities, acknowledging public spaces, and especially public squares, as key components of the [...] Read more.
In the context of public space research, numerous studies highlight its vital role in fostering public life and social interaction. With urbanization on the rise and most people living in cities, acknowledging public spaces, and especially public squares, as key components of the urban realm is more important than ever. The success of space is frequently determined by its capacity to meet human needs, a condition that, in turn, is largely contingent upon specific design qualities. Literature identifies key qualities such as inclusiveness, accessibility and connectivity, sociability, vitality, perceptual and esthetic satisfaction, and participatory characteristics. While many studies explore these factors, little attention has been given to whether users and designers assign equal importance to them. This research addresses the question: To what extent do experts’ and users’ perceptions converge regarding the variables that determine the success of public spaces? To explore this, the study applies MICMAC method structural analysis that prioritizes variables based on their interdependence and dependence. The method is used with both design experts and public space users. Findings reveal convergence in perceptions regarding key parameters; specifically, strong convergence is observed in the qualities of participation and vitality, followed by sociability and perceptual and esthetic satisfaction. Moreover, the expert group prioritizes parameters related to sociability, accessibility and connectivity, and inclusiveness, reflecting contemporary design principles aimed at creating equitable, easily accessible, and inclusive spaces. In contrast, the user group focuses more on the experiential and esthetic dimension of space, adding variables related to perceptual and esthetic satisfaction and vitality. The study aims to inform more user-responsive public space design by bridging gaps between expert and user perspectives. Full article
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20 pages, 10238 KB  
Article
A Geospatial Framework for Spatiotemporal Crash Hotspot Detection Using Space–Time Cube Modeling and Emerging Pattern Analysis
by Samar Younes and Amr Oloufa
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 411; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100411 - 3 Oct 2025
Viewed by 837
Abstract
Traffic crashes remain a critical public safety issue and are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Understanding, analyzing, and forecasting crash trends are essential for implementing effective countermeasures and reducing injury severity. In response to the growing number of crashes and their [...] Read more.
Traffic crashes remain a critical public safety issue and are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Understanding, analyzing, and forecasting crash trends are essential for implementing effective countermeasures and reducing injury severity. In response to the growing number of crashes and their associated economic and social costs, this study presents a geospatial analytical framework for prioritizing and classifying roadway segments based on crash trends. The framework focuses on a major freeway corridor in the United States, covering a four-year period across 20 counties. This methodology employs spatiotemporal analysis, which integrates both spatial (geographic) and temporal (time-based) dimensions to better understand how crash patterns evolve over time and space. A central component of the analysis is Space–Time Cube (STC) modeling, a three-dimensional GIS-based visualization, and an analytical approach that organizes data into spatial locations (x and y) across a sequence of temporal bins (z-axis) to reveal patterns that may not be evident in a two-dimensional analysis. Additionally, emerging pattern analysis, specifically Emerging Hotspot Analysis (EHA), is used to identify statistically significant trends in crash frequency over time. The results indicate a significant spatial clustering of crashes, with high-risk segments predominantly located in densely populated urban areas with high traffic volumes. Crash hotspots were classified into five distinct categories: persistent, intensifying, new, sporadic, and diminishing, enabling transportation agencies to tailor interventions based on temporal dynamics. The proposed geospatial framework enhances decision making for roadway safety improvements and can be adapted for use in other regional corridors to support infrastructure investment and advance public safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent GIS Application in Cities)
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26 pages, 933 KB  
Review
Waste and the Urban Economy: A Semantic Network Analysis of Smart, Circular, and Digital Transitions
by Dragan Čišić, Saša Drezgić and Saša Čegar
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 410; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100410 - 3 Oct 2025
Viewed by 637
Abstract
As cities confront rising populations and mounting environmental pressures, waste is rapidly transforming from a logistical liability into a strategic economic resource. In this article, we investigate the evolving nexus between waste and urban economic systems by analyzing over 2000 scientific publications sourced [...] Read more.
As cities confront rising populations and mounting environmental pressures, waste is rapidly transforming from a logistical liability into a strategic economic resource. In this article, we investigate the evolving nexus between waste and urban economic systems by analyzing over 2000 scientific publications sourced from Web of Science and Scopus. Using advanced semantic embedding and network analysis, we identify seven major research communities at the intersection of digital innovation, circular economy, and smart urban infrastructure. Through PageRank-based influence mapping, we highlight key contributions that shape each thematic cluster—ranging from AI-powered waste classification to blockchain-enabled traceability and IoT-driven logistics. Our results reveal a dynamic and interdisciplinary research landscape where waste valorisation is not only a sustainability imperative but also a driver of urban economic renewal. This study offers both a conceptual map and a methodological framework for understanding how cities can embed intelligence, efficiency, and circularity into waste systems as part of a broader transition to regenerative, data-informed urban economies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste Valorization and Urban Economy: Pathways to Sustainable Transition and Resilient Environments)
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17 pages, 3487 KB  
Article
Vehicle Connectivity and Dynamic Traffic Response to Unplanned Urban Events
by Javad Sadeghi, Cristiana Botta, Brunella Caroleo and Maurizio Arnone
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100409 - 2 Oct 2025
Viewed by 371
Abstract
Integrating advanced technologies, such as Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) and Connected Vehicles (CVs), represents new strategies and solutions in urban mobility, particularly during unexpected urban events. Vehicle connectivity facilitates real-time communication between vehicles and infrastructure, enhancing traffic management by enabling dynamic rerouting to [...] Read more.
Integrating advanced technologies, such as Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) and Connected Vehicles (CVs), represents new strategies and solutions in urban mobility, particularly during unexpected urban events. Vehicle connectivity facilitates real-time communication between vehicles and infrastructure, enhancing traffic management by enabling dynamic rerouting to minimize delays and prevent bottlenecks. This study employs the SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility) microsimulation to analyze the impact of dynamic rerouting strategies during urban disruptions within the IN2CCAM project’s Turin Living Lab. The Living Lab integrates simulation with real-world testing, including autonomous shuttle operations, to evaluate new mobility solutions. In the initial phase, offline simulations examine street, lane, and intersection closures along shuttle routes to assess how penetration levels of CVs and CAVs influence mobility. The results indicate that higher connectivity penetration improves traffic flow, with the greatest benefits observed at increased levels of autonomous vehicles. These findings highlight the potential of dynamic routing strategies, supported by vehicle connectivity and autonomous driving technologies, to enhance urban mobility and effectively respond to real-time traffic conditions. Additionally, this work demonstrates the capabilities and flexibility of SUMO for simulating complex urban traffic scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Urban Planning and the Digitalization of City Management)
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17 pages, 9404 KB  
Article
A GIS-Based Approach to Fostering Sustainable Mobility and Combating Social Isolation for the Rural Elderly
by Luís Branco and Bertha Santos
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 408; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100408 - 2 Oct 2025
Viewed by 388
Abstract
The growing demographic trend of an aging population, particularly in remote rural areas, exacerbates social isolation and limits access to essential goods and services. This vulnerability highlights a pressing need to develop sustainable solutions for their mobility and support. Using Geographic Information Systems [...] Read more.
The growing demographic trend of an aging population, particularly in remote rural areas, exacerbates social isolation and limits access to essential goods and services. This vulnerability highlights a pressing need to develop sustainable solutions for their mobility and support. Using Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and network analysis, a workflow was developed to optimize road-based transport for the elderly. The analysis utilized an electric vehicle, with its range limitations, influenced by road slopes, being a critical variable for assessing route efficiency. Two potential solutions were investigated: (1) the delivery of goods and medicines and (2) the transport of passengers and medicines. The methodology was tested using the Municipality of Seia, Portugal, as a case study, with a defined weekly visit frequency. The results demonstrate that both proposed solutions are technically viable for implementation, with the transport of passengers and medicines being the most effective option. This study provides a foundational framework for developing practical, demand-oriented, sustainable transport and logistics services to support isolated elderly populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation and Urban Environments-Public Health)
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20 pages, 16092 KB  
Article
Spatial Accessibility in the Urban Environment of a Medium-Sized City: A Case Study of Public Amenities in Odense, Denmark
by Irma Kveladze
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 407; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100407 - 2 Oct 2025
Viewed by 451
Abstract
Spatial accessibility is a key principle in urban studies, shaping how people reach amenities and services across cities. While most research concentrates on large metropolitan areas and central urban services, small and medium-sized cities and their main amenities remain less studied. To bridge [...] Read more.
Spatial accessibility is a key principle in urban studies, shaping how people reach amenities and services across cities. While most research concentrates on large metropolitan areas and central urban services, small and medium-sized cities and their main amenities remain less studied. To bridge this gap, this study explores spatial accessibility to public amenities in relation to population density in Odense, a medium-sized city known for its compact layout and robust infrastructure supporting walking, cycling, and public transport. Despite Odense’s proactive planning and multimodal transport network, marked accessibility inequalities still exist, especially in peripheral neighbourhoods. This research uses a data-driven approach combining network-based travel time analysis with grid-cell-based spatial visualisation. Additionally, a multi-criteria accessibility scoring framework is introduced, including indicators such as amenity density, diversity of services, temporal thresholds for walking and cycling, and population distribution. The results show an uneven accessibility landscape, with significant gaps in outer districts, highlighting the limitations of uniform planning thresholds. By applying spatial analytical principles, the study uncovers embedded socio-spatial inequalities in everyday urban access. These insights offer practical guidance for planners and policymakers, underscoring the importance of context-sensitive multimodal infrastructure and decentralised service provision to support sustainable urban growth. Full article
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21 pages, 1373 KB  
Article
Voices of the City: Understanding Hong Kong Residents’ Views on Smart City Transformation
by Alistair Cole, Dionysios Stivas, Emilie Tran and Calvin Ming Tsun Lai
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100406 - 1 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1465
Abstract
This study explores Hong Kong residents’ perceptions of their city’s smart city transformation, set against a backdrop of political and economic changes. It investigates residents’ awareness and support for Hong Kong’s development as a smart city and their familiarity with the Smart City [...] Read more.
This study explores Hong Kong residents’ perceptions of their city’s smart city transformation, set against a backdrop of political and economic changes. It investigates residents’ awareness and support for Hong Kong’s development as a smart city and their familiarity with the Smart City Blueprint. Despite the global emphasis on smart city initiatives, there is a significant gap in understanding residents’ perceptions, with the existing literature often focusing on technological and policy aspects while neglecting citizen voices. Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study integrates quantitative survey data (N = 808) with qualitative interviews (N = 25) and focus group discussions (4 groups, N = 43) to capture diverse perspectives. The findings reveal a generally low level of understanding of the Smart City Blueprint among residents, alongside a positive attitude towards its key dimensions like mobility, living, and the environment. Older citizens, those with lower educational attainment, and individuals from mainland China showed greater understanding and support. Interviews highlighted concerns about coordination, bureaucratic processes, data privacy, and public involvement. Focus group discussions revealed varied viewpoints, with some participants drawing comparisons to smart city developments in mainland China and expressing privacy concerns. The study underscores the importance of aligning smart city initiatives with residents’ needs and preferences through inclusive communication strategies and addressing concerns about data privacy and job displacement. Methodological triangulation enhances the validity and reliability of the research, revealing complex patterns and contradictions. Full article
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20 pages, 280 KB  
Article
Urban Policymakers’ Perspectives on the Equity Impacts and Risks of Local Energy and Mobility Decarbonisation Policies: A Case Study of Dutch Cities
by Peerawat Payakkamas, Joop de Kraker and Marijn Vodegel
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 405; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100405 - 1 Oct 2025
Viewed by 563
Abstract
Decarbonisation of urban energy and transportation systems has become a priority for cities worldwide, with policies primarily aiming to promote rooftop solar electricity generation and a shift to private electric vehicles (EVs). However, these policies may also increase inequalities in access to affordable, [...] Read more.
Decarbonisation of urban energy and transportation systems has become a priority for cities worldwide, with policies primarily aiming to promote rooftop solar electricity generation and a shift to private electric vehicles (EVs). However, these policies may also increase inequalities in access to affordable, low-carbon mobility and the associated benefits. While academic literature shows increasing awareness of these equity impacts and risks, the extent to which this applies to policy practice remains unclear. We therefore conducted a case study of seven Dutch cities, analysing local policy documents and conducting interviews with policymakers. The study provided insight into the current policy landscape and revealed a general sensitivity among interviewed policymakers to possible equity impacts of the current decarbonisation policies. Only a few measures to address these impacts are currently in place, but policymakers have proposed a range of novel and more inclusive measures, which can be tested for their impacts and scaling potential in real-life experiments. Another priority for future research is exploring the potential of shared electric mobility to provide equitable access to low-carbon transportation. Full article
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