Multifractal Analysis of Neuronal Morphology in the Human Dorsal Striatum: Age-Related Changes and Spatial Differences
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Tissue Preparation and Image Acquisition
2.2. Multifractal Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Differentiation by Age
3.2. Differentiation by Neuron Spatial Origin
3.2.1. Spectrum of Generalized Dimensions DQ(Q)
3.2.2. Spectrum of Hölder Exponents α(Q)
3.2.3. Singularity Spectrum f(α)
3.2.4. Extracted Parameters
4. Discussion
4.1. Differentiation by Age
4.2. Differentiation by Neuron Spatial Origin
4.2.1. Spectrum of Generalized Dimensions DQ(Q)
4.2.2. Spectrum of Hölder Exponents α(Q)
4.2.3. Singularity Spectrum f(α)
4.2.4. Extracted Parameters
4.2.5. Further Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Median Value (Range) | Kruskal–Wallis H | df | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Age Group | 2. Age Group | 3. Age Group | ||||
DQmin | 1.403 (1.525) | 1.401 (1.492) | 1.381 (1.525) | 0.689 | 2 | 0.709 |
DQmax | 1.981 (1.274) | 1.896 (0.999) | 1.863 (1.073) | 0.118 | 2 | 0.943 |
DQspan | 0.804 (1.168) | 0.779 (1.079) | 0.811 (1.204) | 0.515 | 2 | 0.773 |
αmin | 1.335 (2.658) | 1.318 (2.440) | 1.251 (2.385) | 0.885 | 2 | 0.643 |
αmax | 2.127 (1.499) | 2.028 (1.183) | 1.992 (1.278) | 0.154 | 2 | 0.926 |
αspan | 1.061 (1.939) | 1.03 (1.776) | 1.071 (1.638) | 0.447 | 2 | 0.800 |
f(α)min | 0.579 (0.400) | 0.555 (0.413) | 0.545 (0.444) | 3.216 | 2 | 0.200 |
f(α)max | 1.535 (0.396) | 1.556 (0.421) | 1.560 (0.332) | 1.208 | 2 | 0.547 |
f(α)span | 0.984 (0.688) | 1.008 (0.606) | 1.005 (0.571) | 3.581 | 2 | 0.167 |
AUS DQ(Q) | 32.774 (22.57) | 31.874 (20.588) | 32.295 (21.729) | 1.180 | 2 | 0.554 |
AUS α(Q) | 34.846 (29.762) | 33.654 (26.89) | 34.093 (27.543) | 1.283 | 2 | 0.527 |
AUS f(α) | 20.693 (3.471) | 20.816 (5.225) | 20.567 (5.805) | 1.129 | 2 | 0.569 |
Parameter | MEDIAN Value (Range) | Mann–Whitney U | Z | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caudate Nucleus | Putamen | ||||
DQmin | 0.647 (1.486) | 1.461 (1.336) | 2910.0 | 6.796 | <0.001 |
DQmax | 1.518 (1.018) | 2.169 (1.19) | 2917.0 | 6.834 | <0.001 |
DQspan | 0.872 (1.233) | 0.722 (0.881) | 1235.0 | −2.459 | 0.014 |
αmin | −0.187 (2.604) | 1.419 (2.340) | 2970.5 | 7.130 | <0.001 |
αmax | 1.522 (1.202) | 2.337 (1.419) | 2907.5 | 6.782 | <0.001 |
αspan | 1.628 (1.939) | 0.929 (1.615) | 820.5 | −4.479 | <0.001 |
f(α)min | 0.579 (0.417) | 0.549 (0.464) | 1153.5 | −2.909 | 0.004 |
f(α)max | 1.565 (0.428) | 1.546 (0.384) | 1495.0 | −1.022 | 0.307 |
f(α)span | 0.993 (0.688) | 1.02 (0.484) | 2014.0 | 1.845 | 0.065 |
AUS DQ(Q) | 21.736 (21.026) | 34.633 (20.598) | 2899.0 | 6.735 | <0.001 |
AUS α(Q) | 20.431 (27.255) | 37.361 (27.411) | 2878.0 | 6.619 | <0.001 |
AUS f(α) | 20.797 (6.067) | 20.567 (4.509) | 1460.0 | −1.215 | 0.224 |
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Nedeljković, Z.; Krstonošić, B.; Milošević, N.; Stanojlović, O.; Hrnčić, D.; Rajković, N. Multifractal Analysis of Neuronal Morphology in the Human Dorsal Striatum: Age-Related Changes and Spatial Differences. Fractal Fract. 2024, 8, 514. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8090514
Nedeljković Z, Krstonošić B, Milošević N, Stanojlović O, Hrnčić D, Rajković N. Multifractal Analysis of Neuronal Morphology in the Human Dorsal Striatum: Age-Related Changes and Spatial Differences. Fractal and Fractional. 2024; 8(9):514. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8090514
Chicago/Turabian StyleNedeljković, Zorana, Bojana Krstonošić, Nebojša Milošević, Olivera Stanojlović, Dragan Hrnčić, and Nemanja Rajković. 2024. "Multifractal Analysis of Neuronal Morphology in the Human Dorsal Striatum: Age-Related Changes and Spatial Differences" Fractal and Fractional 8, no. 9: 514. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8090514