Characterization of Posidonia oceanica Fibers High-Density Polyethylene Composites: Reinforcing Potential and Effect of Coupling Agent
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Preparation of POF/HDPE Composites
2.2. Characterization
3. Results
3.1. Surface Chemistry
3.2. Thermal Stability
3.2.1. Thermogravimetric Analysis
3.2.2. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
3.3. Mechanical Properties of HDPE/POF Composites
3.4. Torque Rheology
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Composite Formulations | HDPE Content (wt.%) | POF Content (wt.%) | MAPE Content (wt.%) |
---|---|---|---|
Virgin HDPE | 100 | 0 | 0 |
HDPE/POF/MAPE (80/20/0) | 80 | 20 | 0 |
HDPE/POF/MAPE (77/20/3) | 77 | 20 | 3 |
HDPE/POF/MAPE (70/30/0) | 70 | 30 | 0 |
HDPE/POF/MAPE (67/30/3) | 67 | 30 | 3 |
HDPE/POF/MAPE (60/40/0) | 60 | 40 | 0 |
HDPE/POF/MAPE (57/40/3) | 57 | 40 | 3 |
Samples | Tonset (°C) * | Degradation Step | Temperature Range (°C) | Weight Loss (%) | DTGmax (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Virgin HDPE | 388.8 ± 6.7 | First | - | - | - |
Second | 320–500 | 99.8 ± 0.6 | 460.5 ± 2.7 | ||
HDPE/POF/MAPE (80/20/0) | 304.8 ± 1.1 | First | 220–350 | 9.5 ± 0.1 | 318.3 ± 0.5 |
Second | 350–520 | 82.1 ± 0.0 | 457.8 ± 1.1 | ||
HDPE/POF/MAPE (70/30/0) | 286.0 ± 4.2 | First | 220–350 | 12.6 ± 0.2 | 318.3 ± 0.5 |
Second | 350–520 | 73.7 ± 0.8 | 463.1 ± 1.1 | ||
HDPE/POF/MAPE (60/40/0) | 278.5 ± 0.7 | First | 220–350 | 16.0 ± 0.1 | 317.2 ± 1.1 |
Second | 350–520 | 66.1 ± 0.1 | 462.0 ± 0.5 |
Sample | Tm (°C) | ∆Hm (J/g) | χc (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Virgin HDPE Polymer | 128.7 ± 0.1 | 195.7 ± 3.1 | 67.9 ± 1.1 |
HDPE/POF/MAPE (80/20/0) | 128.8 ± 0.1 | 151.2 ± 0.4 | 65.6 ± 0.2 |
HDPE/POF/MAPE (70/30/0) | 128.6 ± 0.0 | 137.7 ± 0.1 | 68.3 ± 0.1 |
HDPE/POF/MAPE (60/40/0) | 128.5 ± 0.1 | 120.9 ± 0.3 | 70 ± 0.2 |
HDPE/POF/MAPE (77/20/3) | 128.7 ± 0.3 | 154.65 ± 0.1 | 69.7 ± 0.0 |
HDPE/POF/MAPE (67/30/3) | 128 ± 0.0 | 134.15 ± 0.5 | 69.5 ± 0.3 |
HDPE/POF/MAPE (57/40/3) | 128.2 ± 0.0 | 118.9 ± 0.4 | 72.4 ± 0.3 |
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Haddar, M.; Elloumi, A.; Bradai, C.; Koubaa, A. Characterization of Posidonia oceanica Fibers High-Density Polyethylene Composites: Reinforcing Potential and Effect of Coupling Agent. J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8, 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8070236
Haddar M, Elloumi A, Bradai C, Koubaa A. Characterization of Posidonia oceanica Fibers High-Density Polyethylene Composites: Reinforcing Potential and Effect of Coupling Agent. Journal of Composites Science. 2024; 8(7):236. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8070236
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaddar, Manel, Ahmed Elloumi, Cheldly Bradai, and Ahmed Koubaa. 2024. "Characterization of Posidonia oceanica Fibers High-Density Polyethylene Composites: Reinforcing Potential and Effect of Coupling Agent" Journal of Composites Science 8, no. 7: 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8070236