Preliminary Experimental and Numerical Study of the Tensile Behavior of a Composite Based on Sycamore Bark Fibers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Fiber’s Extraction
2.3. Fabrication of Sycamore Bark Fiber-Reinforced Composite
2.4. Tensile Tests
2.5. Microstructural Observations
3. Finite Element Modeling
3.1. Modeling Hypotheses
3.2. Simulation Setup
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Experimental Results of Tensile Tests
4.2. Microstructural Analysis
4.3. Finite Element Simulation Results
5. Conclusions
- The experimental tensile tests using DIC strain field measurements show that the addition of sycamore bark fibers to the polyester matrix significantly incremented the elastic modulus from 1916.1 to 4788.4 MPa up to 18 vol.% of reinforcement, corresponding to an increment of 150%.
- Additionally, the tensile strength of the polyester resin increased by approximately 90% when reinforced with sycamore bark fibers, attaining a tensile strength of 64.5 MPa.
- The strain at break decreased from 2.1% to 1.4% after the addition of sycamore bark fibers to the polyester matrix. This reduction indicates that the composite material becomes stronger and more rigid due to the fiber reinforcement; it also becomes less ductile.
- The microstructural analysis revealed that the fiber cells are almost cylindrical in shape and compactly arranged, and the transverse section of the structural fibers is found in a semi elongated circular shape. The diameter distribution of the bundles shows a normal distribution with a mean diameter of 84.9 μm and a standard deviation of 18.8 μm.
- From experimental tensile tests on composite specimens, an inverse problem was solved to evaluate the elastic modulus of the fibers. The models delivered an average elastic modulus of 17,763 ± 6051 MPa, which were found in the same order of magnitude as other existing natural fibers despite the observed variability inherent to the natural fibers.
- Prior to industrial applications, supplementary research should be performed to assess the materials’ long-term durability performance and degradation behavior under various aging environments (thermo-oxidative aging, accelerated weathering (ultraviolet aging), hydrolytic degradation, fatigue, and creep, etc.).
- The potential of sycamore bark fiber should be analyzed considering its mechanical performance along with its sustainability aspects. For this assessment, life cycle assessment (LCA) can be deployed to evaluate the environmental aspects and potential impacts of the entire product’s life cycle.
- Advanced approaches, such as cohesive zone modeling (CZM), can be investigated in future work to model the fiber-matrix interface.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | Resin | Composite | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Modulus (MPa) | Poisson Ratio (-) | Max. Stress (MPa) | Max. Strain (-) | Modulus (MPa) | Poisson Ratio (-) | Max. Stress (MPa) | Max. Strain (-) | |
1 | 1848.3 | 0.42 | 35.9 | 2.33% | 4878.4 | 0.31 | 83.8 | 1.63% |
2 | 1973.1 | 0.39 | 35.4 | 2.08% | 4013.6 | 0.29 | 59.2 | 1.65% |
3 | 1988.4 | 0.40 | 34.2 | 2.06% | 5690.7 | 0.34 | 76.3 | 1.41% |
4 | 1949.8 | 0.41 | 33.0 | 1.80% | 5652.4 | 0.39 | 70.8 | 1.23% |
5 | 1823.4 | 0.39 | 33.9 | 2.01% | 6124.2 | 0.45 | 76.0 | 1.16% |
6 | 4363.0 | 0.43 | 55.4 | 1.24% | ||||
7 | 3608.2 | 0.45 | 43.9 | 1.21% | ||||
8 | 3976.4 | 0.41 | 58.1 | 1.57% | ||||
Mean | 1916.6 | 0.40 | 34.5 | 2.06% | 4788.4 | 0.38 | 65.4 | 1.39% |
Std. Dev. | 75.5 | 0.01 | 1.2 | 0.19% | 940.1 | 0.06 | 13.4 | 0.19% |
Samples | Modulus (MPa) |
---|---|
1 | 19,500 |
2 | 11,200 |
3 | 22,400 |
4 | 22,600 |
5 | 27,200 |
6 | 15,600 |
7 | 11,300 |
8 | 12,300 |
Mean | 17,763 |
Std. Dev. | 6051 |
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Khoury Moussa, H.; Lestriez, P.; Bui, H.T.; Nguyen, P.T.N.; Michaud, P.; Lucas-Roper, R.; Antou, G.; Luong, V.D.; Duong, P.T.M.; Abbès, F.; et al. Preliminary Experimental and Numerical Study of the Tensile Behavior of a Composite Based on Sycamore Bark Fibers. J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8, 333. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8090333
Khoury Moussa H, Lestriez P, Bui HT, Nguyen PTN, Michaud P, Lucas-Roper R, Antou G, Luong VD, Duong PTM, Abbès F, et al. Preliminary Experimental and Numerical Study of the Tensile Behavior of a Composite Based on Sycamore Bark Fibers. Journal of Composites Science. 2024; 8(9):333. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8090333
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhoury Moussa, Helena, Philippe Lestriez, He Thong Bui, Pham The Nhan Nguyen, Philippe Michaud, Romain Lucas-Roper, Guy Antou, Viet Dung Luong, Pham Tuong Minh Duong, Fazilay Abbès, and et al. 2024. "Preliminary Experimental and Numerical Study of the Tensile Behavior of a Composite Based on Sycamore Bark Fibers" Journal of Composites Science 8, no. 9: 333. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8090333