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Smart Cities, Volume 8, Issue 6

2025 December - 32 articles

Cover Story: This work presents a framework that integrates a real-time onboard perception module in the ego vehicle with a cloud-based digital twin to support intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in smart city environments. The perception module performs onboard 3D object detection and tracking, featuring low-latency edge-to-cloud communication and maintaining an average end-to-end delay below 0.02 s at 10 Hz. Experiments conducted on a real vehicle platform demonstrate a mean Average Precision (mAP@40) of 83.5% for the 3D perception module. The system enables real-time traffic visualization and scalable data management while minimizing communication overhead. View this paper
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Articles (32)

  • Article
  • Open Access
754 Views
24 Pages

Bridging the Information Gap in Smart Construction: An LLM-Based Assistant for Autonomous TBM Tunneling

  • Min Hu,
  • Hongzheng Gao,
  • Qing Mi,
  • Bingjian Wu,
  • Jing Lu and
  • Yongchang Liu

The development of autonomous tunneling is crucial for building the intelligent underground infrastructure that smart cities require. However, in complex urban environments, the need for frequent manual intervention during Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM)...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2,471 Views
53 Pages

Smart cities seek to improve urban living by embedding advanced technologies into infrastructures, services, and governance. Edge Artificial Intelligence (Edge AI) has emerged as a critical enabler by moving computation and learning closer to data so...

  • Article
  • Open Access
942 Views
30 Pages

The beginning of the 21st century is associated with a significant technological leap on a global scale, which has had a substantial impact on production and economic processes at the national and regional levels. This radical technological change in...

  • Review
  • Open Access
930 Views
29 Pages

Cities increasingly face urban sustainability challenges due to rapid urbanization, climate pressures, and infrastructure demands. In response, smart city frameworks have emerged as transformative strategies that promote sustainability, efficiency, a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
383 Views
19 Pages

Physical climate risks are reshaping economic geography and pose a direct threat to the collaborative networks of green innovation that underpin mitigation and adaptation. This paper examines how climate risk differentially affects three core structu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
798 Views
20 Pages

Urban Micromobility in Practice: Insights from a Full-Year Analysis of Shared Scooter Use in Tel Aviv

  • Ada Garus,
  • Gabriel Dadashev,
  • Biagio Ciuffo and
  • Bat-Hen Nahmias-Biran

This paper investigates the spatiotemporal patterns and accessibility implications of shared e-scooter use in Tel Aviv, drawing on a complete year (2024) of trip-level data from all licensed providers. Shared micromobility services are often promoted...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
1,159 Views
33 Pages

Quantum computing offers transformative potential to solve complex optimisation problems in transportation and logistics, particularly those that involve large combinatorial decision spaces such as vehicle routing, traffic control, and supply chain d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,102 Views
22 Pages

Spatial Analysis on Urban Justice Delivering the Community Parks: A Case of the Saudi Arabian City of Al-Khobar

  • Sara Qwaider,
  • Mohammad Sharif Zami,
  • Muhammad Bilal,
  • Riyad Ashmeel and
  • Mohammad A. Hassanain

This study evaluates the spatial equity of community parks in Al-Khobar City, Saudi Arabia, by examining their proximity, availability, distribution, accessibility, and user satisfaction. Ensuring equitable access to public open spaces is vital for p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
502 Views
27 Pages

A Hybrid Control Strategy for Multi-Timescale Air Conditioning Load Demand Response

  • Yifan Bai,
  • Jiandong Jiang,
  • Qiangang Jia,
  • Chenghao Liu,
  • Binghao Yang and
  • Peng Zhuang

Globally, the transition of energy structure towards clean and low-carbon is accelerating, with the increasing grid integration ratio of renewable energy. However, the inherent intermittency, volatility and randomness of such energy sources are in fu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
971 Views
25 Pages

Smart thermostats are a key technology for reducing residential energy consumption in smart cities, but their real-world effectiveness depends on the interaction between automation, occupant behavior, and the design of behavioral interventions. This...

  • Article
  • Open Access
802 Views
18 Pages

Urban air mobility (UAM) introduces electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) systems, creating new requirements for infrastructure planning. Vertiport siting is central, yet existing approaches such as multi-criteria decision analysis and optimi...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,398 Views
52 Pages

This paper presents a comprehensive review of emerging innovations and future research directions leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for urban data analytics, examining how cities generate, structure, and use information to support planning and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
936 Views
28 Pages

Leveraging Low-Cost Sensor Data and Predictive Modelling for IoT-Driven Indoor Air Quality Monitoring

  • Patricia Camacho-Magriñán,
  • Diego Sales-Lerida,
  • Alejandro Lara-Doña and
  • Daniel Sanchez-Morillo

Indoor air quality (IAQ) in residential settings is often dominated by high-concentration pollutant events from activities such as cooking and occupancy, which are overlooked by traditional 24 h average assessments. In this, we have designed and impl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
749 Views
40 Pages

Accurate short-term load forecasting is vital for smart-city energy management, enabling real-time grid stability and sustainable demand response. This study introduces a cloud-enabled hybrid forecasting framework that integrates Seasonal Autoregress...

  • Article
  • Open Access
724 Views
19 Pages

A Multimodal Learning Approach for Protecting the Metro System of Medellin Colombia Against Corrupted User Traffic Data

  • Josue Genaro Almaraz-Rivera,
  • Jose Antonio Cantoral-Ceballos,
  • Juan Felipe Botero,
  • Francisco Javier Muñoz and
  • Brian David Martinez

A critical task in infrastructure security is to model user traffic in transportation systems to alert whenever anomalous behavior is observed. Discerning those abnormal samples is possible by auditing the available data, which then enables proper po...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,041 Views
26 Pages

Seeing the City Live: Bridging Edge Vehicle Perception and Cloud Digital Twins to Empower Smart Cities

  • Hafsa Iqbal,
  • Jaime Godoy,
  • Beatriz Martin,
  • Abdulla Al-kaff and
  • Fernando Garcia

This paper presents a framework that integrates real-time onboard (ego vehicle) perception module with edge processing capabilities and a cloud-based digital twin for intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) in smart city applications. The proposed...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
1,140 Views
38 Pages

Mapping Digital Solutions for Multi-Scale Built Environment Observation: A Cluster-Based Systematic Review

  • Aleksandra Milovanović,
  • Uroš Šošević,
  • Nikola Cvetković,
  • Mladen Pešić,
  • Stefan Janković,
  • Verica Krstić,
  • Jelena Ristić Trajković,
  • Milica Milojević,
  • Ana Nikezić and
  • Vladan Djokić
  • + 1 author

This study investigates the intersection of digital tools and methods with the built environment disciplinary framework, focusing on Urban Planning and Development (UPD), Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC), and Cultural Heritage (CH) d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
652 Views
19 Pages

TGU-Net: A Temporal Generative U-Net Framework for Real-Time Traffic Anomaly Detection

  • Borja Pérez,
  • Mario Resino,
  • Abdulla Al-Kaff and
  • Fernando García

Traffic anomaly detection plays a crucial role in improving road safety and enabling timely responses to abnormal events. Recent research has explored generative and predictive models to enhance detection accuracy; however, the dynamic and complex na...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,489 Views
18 Pages

Modeling Informal Driver Interaction and Priority Behavior in Smart-City Traffic Systems

  • Alica Kalašová,
  • Peter Fabian,
  • Ľubomír Černický and
  • Kristián Čulík

Accurate traffic modeling is essential for effective urban mobility planning within Smart Cities. Conventional capacity assessment methods assume rule-based driver behavior and therefore neglect psychological priority, an informal interaction in whic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,060 Views
31 Pages

Efficient scheduling of virtual power plants (VPPs) is essential for the integration of distributed energy resources into modern power systems. This study presents a CUDA-accelerated Multiple-Chain Simulated Annealing (MC-SA) algorithm tailored for o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,021 Views
35 Pages

Unregulated Vertical Urban Growth Alters Microclimate: Coupling Building-Scale Digital Surface Models with High-Resolution Microclimate Simulations

  • Jonatas Goulart Marinho Falcão,
  • Luiz Felipe de Almeida Furtado,
  • Gisele Silva Barbosa and
  • Luiz Carlos Teixeira Coelho

Rio de Janeiro’s favelas house over 20% of the city’s population in just 5% of its territory, with Rio das Pedras emerging as a critical case study: ranking as Brazil’s fifth most populous favela and its most vertically intensified....

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,967 Views
39 Pages

Traditional multimodal public transportation recommenders often overlook in-vehicle crowding, a critical factor that causes passenger discomfort and leads to an inefficient distribution of people across the network that affects its reliability. To ad...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,056 Views
36 Pages

The inspiration and main goal for creating smart cities is to improve the quality of urban life. However, this ambitious task is not always successful as urban stakeholders are not homogeneous. Their experiences and expectations can vary significantl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
841 Views
19 Pages

Technological advancements alone, without addressing public responses to social changes cannot ensure inclusive and sustainable smart city transitions as cities and societies comprise diverse individuals and communities with varied socio-demographic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,180 Views
21 Pages

Urban tree detection is fundamental to effective forestry management, biodiversity preservation, and environmental monitoring—key components of sustainable smart city development. This study introduces a deep learning framework for urban tree c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
607 Views
18 Pages

Networked Microgrids (NMGs) have revolutionized the energy landscape by enhancing grid flexibility and decentralizing power generation, playing a pivotal role in the development of smart cities. Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are a fundamental c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,045 Views
23 Pages

Bike lending offers a service that enables individuals to borrow bicycles for short-term use (i.e., ranging from 2 hours to 36 months), typically from designated locations within cities, campuses, or communities. Unlike bikesharing systems that typic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,150 Views
31 Pages

Beyond Efficiency: Integrating Resilience into the Assessment of Road Intersection Performance

  • Nazanin Zare,
  • Maria Luisa Tumminello,
  • Elżbieta Macioszek and
  • Anna Granà

Extreme weather events, such as storms, pose significant challenges to the reliability and efficiency of urban road networks, making intersection design and management critical to maintaining mobility. This paper addresses the dual objectives of traf...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,358 Views
27 Pages

Observing and measuring public life is essential for designing inclusive, vibrant, and climate-resilient public spaces. While urban planners have traditionally relied on manual observation, recent advances in open-source Computer Vision (CV) now enab...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,280 Views
34 Pages

Smart mobility is widely promoted as a solution to urban congestion, pollution, and inefficiency. Yet, its adoption remains inconsistent, particularly in developing and small cities. While prior research has examined technological enablers, the struc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,603 Views
31 Pages

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) hold strong potential to redefine traffic operations, yet their impacts at varying penetration levels within mixed traffic remain insufficiently quantified. This study evaluates the influence of SAE Level 5 AVs on traffic pe...

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Smart Cities - ISSN 2624-6511