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Open AccessEditorial

Statement of Peer Review

by Teen-Hang Meen, Chun-Yen Chang and Cheng-Fu Yang

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103031 - 23 Sep 2025

In submitting conference proceedings of the 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025 (ECEI 2025) to Engineering Proceedings, the volume editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review administered [...] Read more.

In submitting conference proceedings of the 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025 (ECEI 2025) to Engineering Proceedings, the volume editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review administered by the volume editors [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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4 pages, 1764 KB

Open AccessEditorial

Preface: The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025 (ECEI 2025)

by Teen-Hang Meen, Chun-Yen Chang and Cheng-Fu Yang

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103032 - 24 Sep 2025

Abstract

This volume presents the proceedings of the 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025 (ECEI 2025) [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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Other

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10 pages, 426 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Guiding or Misleading: Challenges of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content in Heuristic Teaching: ChatGPT

by Ping-Kuo A. Chen

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103001 - 4 Aug 2025

Viewed by 498

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI)-generated content (AIGC) is an innovative technology that utilizes machine learning, AI models, reward modeling, and natural language processing (NLP) to create diverse digital content such as videos, images, and text. It has the potential to support various human activities with [...] Read more.

Artificial intelligence (AI)-generated content (AIGC) is an innovative technology that utilizes machine learning, AI models, reward modeling, and natural language processing (NLP) to create diverse digital content such as videos, images, and text. It has the potential to support various human activities with significant implications in teaching and learning, facilitating heuristic teaching for educators. By using AIGC, teachers can create extensive knowledge content and effectively design instructional strategies to guide students, aligning with heuristic teaching. However, incorporating AIGC into heuristic teaching has controversies and concerns, which potentially mislead outcomes. Nevertheless, leveraging AIGC greatly benefits teachers in enhancing heuristic teaching. When integrating AIGC to support heuristic teaching, challenges and risks must be acknowledged and addressed. These challenges include the need for users to possess sufficient knowledge reserves to identify incorrect information and content generated by AIGC, the importance of avoiding excessive reliance on AIGC, ensuring users maintain control over their actions rather than being driven by AIGC, and the necessity of scrutinizing and verifying the accuracy of information and knowledge generated by AIGC to preserve its effectiveness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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10 pages, 1243 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Innovative Approach to Teaching Sustainable Development at Teacher Training College Through Project for Secondary Use of Recycled Electrical Materials

by Tetjana Tomaskova, Jan Krotky and Jarmila Honzikova

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103002 - 4 Aug 2025

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Abstract

Higher education is increasingly emphasizing sustainable development due to the growing awareness of environmental issues. Educators must be able to integrate sustainability principles into teaching, inspire students to behave responsibly, and promote environmental protection. In this article, we present an innovative approach through [...] Read more.

Higher education is increasingly emphasizing sustainable development due to the growing awareness of environmental issues. Educators must be able to integrate sustainability principles into teaching, inspire students to behave responsibly, and promote environmental protection. In this article, we present an innovative approach through the secondary use of recycled electronic components to reduce electronic waste and practically teach students about sustainability. The project of making clocks from E-waste included stages from design to testing, providing students with practical skills and emphasizing the importance of recycling in technical education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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11 pages, 671 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Influence of Metaverse on Building Entrepreneurship Education Ecosystems

by Ping-Kuo A. Chen

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103003 - 5 Aug 2025

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Abstract

Establishing an entrepreneurship education ecosystem is crucial for the continual nurturing of young entrepreneurs and, consequently, the enhancement of economic development. Beyond the expansion of entrepreneurship programs, the active involvement and support from relevant resources and external stakeholders are pivotal to constructing such [...] Read more.

Establishing an entrepreneurship education ecosystem is crucial for the continual nurturing of young entrepreneurs and, consequently, the enhancement of economic development. Beyond the expansion of entrepreneurship programs, the active involvement and support from relevant resources and external stakeholders are pivotal to constructing such ecosystems. However, obstacles arise from the lower intention of external stakeholders to participate, and constraints imposed by information technology, hindering the ecosystem’s development. The Metaverse, an innovative technology amalgamating three-dimensional virtual technologies with blockchain and artificial intelligence, emerges as a potential solution to overcome these barriers and construct an entrepreneurship education ecosystem. Despite this potential, there is a lack of analysis explaining how the Metaverse achieves this. To address this gap, a framework for entrepreneurship education ecosystems is established in this study, highlighting two barriers and elucidating how these barriers impede ecosystem construction. Furthermore, four efficiencies of the Metaverse are identified as key factors with positive effects in terms of surmounting barriers to ensure the successful establishment of an entrepreneurship education ecosystem: communication convenience, enhanced simulation environment, information filtering, and the creation of valuable information. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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10 pages, 373 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Integrating Sustainable Development Goals into Renewable Energy Monopoly: A Generative AI Approach to Sustainable Development Education

by Hung-Cheng Chen

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103004 - 5 Aug 2025

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Abstract

This research aims to develop an educational board game, “Sustainable Home: Energy Challenge,” based on Monopoly by integrating sustainable development goals and renewable energy to use ChatGPT in human–computer collaboration. ChatGPT was used for game conceptualization, rule development, board creation, card design, and [...] Read more.

This research aims to develop an educational board game, “Sustainable Home: Energy Challenge,” based on Monopoly by integrating sustainable development goals and renewable energy to use ChatGPT in human–computer collaboration. ChatGPT was used for game conceptualization, rule development, board creation, card design, and simulation in an iterative design. The developed board game demonstrated ChatGPT’s efficiency in educational game design and the benefits of human–computer collaboration. Game simulations validated the board game’s potential as a simulation tool to enhance diversity, cooperation, and strategic depth. The game effectively promoted SDG engagement and sustainable development education in gamified learning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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9 pages, 1406 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Disaster-Based Mobile Learning System Using Technology Acceptance Model

by John A. Bacus

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103005 - 5 Aug 2025

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Abstract

Recently, the usage of mobile phone-based games has increased due to the growing accessibility and convenience they provide. Using a descriptive-quantitative design, a disaster-based mobile application was developed in this study to enhance disaster literacy among the private senior high schools in science, [...] Read more.

Recently, the usage of mobile phone-based games has increased due to the growing accessibility and convenience they provide. Using a descriptive-quantitative design, a disaster-based mobile application was developed in this study to enhance disaster literacy among the private senior high schools in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education in Davao City, the Philippines. The developed application was provided together with survey questionnaires to 364 students randomly selected from different schools in Davao City usingF a simple random sampling method. The technology acceptance (TAM) model was used to explain how users accepted the new technology. The mobile application was designed with features in four disaster scenarios—fire, flood, volcano, and earthquake. The results revealed a high acceptance, with an average score of the perceived usefulness (PE) of 4.52, perceived ease of use (PEOU) of 4.44, and a behavioral intention (BI) of 4.12. The students accepted the application to enhance disaster risk reduction and management. Aligned with SDG 4 and SDG 11, the application can be used to equip users with the knowledge to respond to disasters and ensure community resilience. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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7 pages, 208 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Post-Quantum Crystal-Kyber Group-Oriented Encryption Scheme for Cloud Security in Personal Health Records

by Zhen-Yu Wu and Chia-Hui Liu

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103006 - 6 Aug 2025

Viewed by 549

Abstract

As medical technology develops and digital demands grow, personal health records (PHRs) are becoming more patient-centered than before based on cloud-based health information exchanges. While enhancing data accessibility and sharing, these systems present privacy and security issues, including data breaches and unauthorized access. [...] Read more.

As medical technology develops and digital demands grow, personal health records (PHRs) are becoming more patient-centered than before based on cloud-based health information exchanges. While enhancing data accessibility and sharing, these systems present privacy and security issues, including data breaches and unauthorized access. We developed a post-quantum, group-oriented encryption scheme using the Crystal-Kyber Key encapsulation mechanism (KEM). Leveraging lattice-based post-quantum cryptography, this scheme ensures quantum resilience and chosen ciphertext attack security for layered cloud PHR environments. It supports four encryption modes: individual, group, subgroup-specific, and authorized subgroup decryption, meeting diverse data access needs. With efficient key management requiring only one private key per user, the developed scheme strengthens the privacy and security of PHRs in a future-proof, flexible, and scalable manner. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

8 pages, 214 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Evaluation of E-Learning Websites Using Additive Rank Probability Method: Case Study of C Programming Website

by Muhamad Rasydan Mokhtar

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103007 - 7 Aug 2025

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Abstract

E-learning is conducted by using electronic media and resources for learning activities. Recently, e-learning platforms have received more attention than traditional learning methods. Advances in information and communication systems have resulted in e-learning websites becoming interactive and flexible. However, the rapid increase in [...] Read more.

E-learning is conducted by using electronic media and resources for learning activities. Recently, e-learning platforms have received more attention than traditional learning methods. Advances in information and communication systems have resulted in e-learning websites becoming interactive and flexible. However, the rapid increase in the use of e-learning websites leads to the problem of e-learning website evaluation and selection. In this study, e-learning websites were evaluated by adopting multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). A new MCDM method, namely additive rank probability (ARP), was developed in this study to select the best e-learning website. To verify the effectiveness of the ARP method, the best C programming website was selected using five alternatives and ten criteria. The ranking of the C programming websites exactly matched those derived by other MCDM methods. However, there was a difference in the ranking by the ARP method with the weighted Euclidean distance-based approximation (WEDBA) method. ARP was proven as a simple and efficient method for identifying the best e-learning website for an effective learning process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

9 pages, 2159 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Applying Deep Learning Techniques in Accurate Brain Tumor Detection and Classification

by Hsuan-Yu Chen, Zhen-Yu Wu, Hao-Feng Liu, Chia-Hui Liu and Shao-Wei Feng

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103008 - 7 Aug 2025

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Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with its high resolution and radiation-free characteristics, has become a crucial tool for brain tumor diagnosis. We classified brain tumors into non-tumors, glioma, meningioma, and pituitary tumors by integrating public image datasets with preprocessing and data augmentation techniques and [...] Read more.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with its high resolution and radiation-free characteristics, has become a crucial tool for brain tumor diagnosis. We classified brain tumors into non-tumors, glioma, meningioma, and pituitary tumors by integrating public image datasets with preprocessing and data augmentation techniques and employing four deep learning models, such as a convolutional neural network (CNN), visual geometry group network 19 (VGGNet 9), residual network 101 version 2 (ResNet101V2), and efficient network version 2 b2 (EfficientNetV2B2). VGGNet19 and CNNs excelled in accuracy and stability, while EfficientNetV2B2 was efficient yet required refinement for specific categories, and ResNet101V2 benefited from further optimization. Deep learning significantly enhances diagnostic efficiency and accuracy, assisting clinical decision-making and improving patient survival rates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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8 pages, 14252 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Artificial Intelligence, Automation, and Technical and Vocational Education and Training: Transforming Vocational Training in Digital Era

by Wai Yie Leong

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103009 - 7 Aug 2025

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Abstract

The exponential growth in artificial intelligence (AI) and automation technologies is changing industries, creating a niche for a digitally competent workforce. Technical and vocational education (TVET) and training institutions are at the center of this transformational wave, with their role of equipping individuals [...] Read more.

The exponential growth in artificial intelligence (AI) and automation technologies is changing industries, creating a niche for a digitally competent workforce. Technical and vocational education (TVET) and training institutions are at the center of this transformational wave, with their role of equipping individuals with the competencies required for the digital era. The integration of AI and automation into the TVET curriculum and practice was explored as a game-changer for vocational education and training. AI-powered tools are used for personalized learning, intelligent tutoring systems, and virtual simulation of hands-on skills acquisition. The challenges and opportunities in using the technologies were explored to mitigate the digital divide, update instructor capabilities, and ensure inclusive access to modern training resources. Based on the results, TVET institutions can educate students, aligning with the need for Industry 4.0/5.0. Strategic frameworks for policy, curriculum design, and industry partnerships must be established to ensure that TVET continues to play a pivotal role in sustainable and equitable digital transformation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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9 pages, 2776 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis of Elementary Student Engagement Patterns in Science Class Using Eye Tracking and Object Detection: Attention and Mind Wandering

by Ilho Yang and Daol Park

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103010 - 8 Aug 2025

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Abstract

This study aims to explore the individual engagement of two elementary students in science class to derive educational implications. Using mobile eye trackers and an object detection model, gaze data were collected to identify educational objects and analyze attention, mind wandering, and off-task [...] Read more.

This study aims to explore the individual engagement of two elementary students in science class to derive educational implications. Using mobile eye trackers and an object detection model, gaze data were collected to identify educational objects and analyze attention, mind wandering, and off-task periods. The data were analyzed in the context of class and student behaviors. Interviews with the students enabled an understanding of their engagement patterns. The first student demonstrated an average attention ratio of 21.42% and a mind wandering ratio of 21.54%, characterized by inconsistent mind wandering and frequent off-task behaviors, resulting in low attention. In contrast, the second student showed an average attention ratio of 32.35% and a mind wandering ratio of 11.53%, maintaining consistent engagement throughout the class. While the two students exhibited differences in attention, mind wandering, and off-task behaviors, common factors influencing engagement were identified. Both students showed higher attention during active learning activities, such as experiments and inquiry tasks, while group interactions and visual/auditory stimuli supported sustained attention or transitions from mind wandering to attention. However, repetitive or passive tasks were associated with increased mind wandering. Such results highlight differences in individual engagement patterns and emphasize the value of integrating eye tracking and object detection with qualitative data, which provides a reference for tailoring educational strategies and improving learning environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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12 pages, 2773 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Designing Eye-Tracking Experiment to Enhance Reading Comprehension in Online Learning Environment

by Riana Magdalena Silitonga, Ronald Sukwadi, Maria Magdalena Wahyuni Inderawati, Yanto and Yung-Tsan Jou

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103011 - 1 Sep 2025

Viewed by 377

Abstract

Reading is an essential skill for learners, yet numerous individuals face challenges in understanding text, particularly in digital learning. This study aims to introduce an experimental design plan to improve reading performance in online learning environments. The experimental design incorporates various visual components, [...] Read more.

Reading is an essential skill for learners, yet numerous individuals face challenges in understanding text, particularly in digital learning. This study aims to introduce an experimental design plan to improve reading performance in online learning environments. The experimental design incorporates various visual components, including images and colored text, alongside audio elements that may influence reading comprehension. This experimental design utilizes an eye-tracking study methodology. The result of this study can be used for robust experimental designs. The result of the experiment can be used to optimize online learning materials, thereby enhancing students’ reading skills in an online context. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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9 pages, 1214 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Multi-Criteria Evaluation Model for Campus Disaster Resilience Under Extreme Climate Conditions

by Yue Sun, Xiaohe Bai and Yifei Ouyang

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103012 - 12 Aug 2025

Viewed by 278

Abstract

As global climate disasters become frequent, colleges and universities in disaster-prone areas are facing problems in disaster response and post-disaster recovery. Based on the theory of urban resilience, we case-studied nine universities in Conghua District, Guangzhou City, China, using the Delphi method and [...] Read more.

As global climate disasters become frequent, colleges and universities in disaster-prone areas are facing problems in disaster response and post-disaster recovery. Based on the theory of urban resilience, we case-studied nine universities in Conghua District, Guangzhou City, China, using the Delphi method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). We constructed a multi-criteria evaluation model for campus disaster prevention resilience under extreme climate conditions. By identifying 4 facets and 16 criteria, 9 colleges were ranked. The distance of the college from the city center, the terrain and natural environment of the college, the level of the college, and the ownership of the college affected their ranking The results of this study help campus managers and planners integrate campus resilience plans into campus planning, institutional regulations, campus site selection, and campus construction in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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7 pages, 1496 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Multimodal Learning Resources: A Way to Engage Students’ Senses

by Mima Trifonova and Gabriela Kiryakova

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103013 - 12 Aug 2025

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Abstract

In the modern digital age, traditional teaching methods are increasingly giving way to innovative approaches that actively engage all students’ senses. Integrating diverse media formats into learning stimulates students’ visual, auditory, and practical perception through active interaction with learning content. Information technology teachers [...] Read more.

In the modern digital age, traditional teaching methods are increasingly giving way to innovative approaches that actively engage all students’ senses. Integrating diverse media formats into learning stimulates students’ visual, auditory, and practical perception through active interaction with learning content. Information technology teachers must possess competencies for creating quality digital resources using artificial intelligence (AI) tools, key skills for understanding the principles of multimodal learning to critically evaluate generated content, and adapt it to specific educational goals. The present study presents the importance of multimodal learning resources as an effective tool for increasing learning motivation and achieving better educational outcomes. Specific examples of key requests to AI systems for creating educational resources, including text, images, animations, and interactive content, are presented. In addition, practical guidelines for formulating effective requests to AI tools, critical evaluation of the generated resources, and possible approaches for their improvement are proposed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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7 pages, 188 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Lightweight Post-Quantum Cryptography: Applications and Countermeasures in Internet of Things, Blockchain, and E-Learning

by Chin-Ling Chen, Kuang-Wei Zeng, Wei-Ying Li, Chin-Feng Lee, Ling-Chun Liu and Yong-Yuan Deng

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103014 - 12 Aug 2025

Viewed by 615

Abstract

With the rapid advancement of quantum computing technology, traditional encryption methods are encountering unprecedented challenges in the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain systems, and digital learning (e-learning) platforms. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the applications and countermeasures of lightweight post-quantum cryptographic techniques, focusing on [...] Read more.

With the rapid advancement of quantum computing technology, traditional encryption methods are encountering unprecedented challenges in the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain systems, and digital learning (e-learning) platforms. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the applications and countermeasures of lightweight post-quantum cryptographic techniques, focusing on the requirements of resource-constrained IoT devices and decentralized systems. We compared the encryption methods based on ring learning with errors (Ring-LWE), Binary Ring-LWE, ring-ExpLWE, the collaborative critical generation framework Q-SECURE, and hardware accelerators for the CRYSTALS-dilithium digital signature scheme. According to the high security and efficiency demands for data transmission and user interaction in e-learning platforms, we developed lightweight encryption schemes. By reviewing existing research achievements, we analyzed the application challenges in IoT, blockchain, and e-learning scenarios and explored strategies for optimizing post-quantum encryption schemes for effective deployment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

10 pages, 909 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Incorporating Animation Films into Moral Education for College Students: A Case Study of the Chinese Animated Film Three Monks

by Hongguang Zhao, Xin Kang, Xiaochen Guo and Xin-Zhu Li

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103015 - 13 Aug 2025

Viewed by 502

Abstract

This study aims to explore the values of character education in the Chinese animated film Three Monks. This film serves as a teaching tool, not only imparting animation principles to university students majoring in animation but also showcasing Chinese cultural philosophy and [...] Read more.

This study aims to explore the values of character education in the Chinese animated film Three Monks. This film serves as a teaching tool, not only imparting animation principles to university students majoring in animation but also showcasing Chinese cultural philosophy and educational values in implicit, exaggerated, and humorous action design. We employed a descriptive qualitative method. A total of 73 college students majoring in animation watched the film without any prior explanation of animation principles and moral education and then listened to detailed explanations of the character education and animation principles integrated into the film. Through repeated viewing, analysis, and summarization of the storyline, character behaviors, and action design in Three Monks, the values of character education, such as religion, kindness, diligence, independence, responsibility, tolerance, self-reflection, unity and cooperation, and courage to innovate, were embodied. These values are manifested through the film’s storyline, conflicts, character actions, animated performances, and background music. We compared the students’ pre- and post-viewing attitudes based on their discussions, reflections, and course evaluations. The results revealed that conveying moral values through animated films internalized and transmitted character education among university students, shaping cultural identity and social norms. This approach enhanced students’ learning engagement and improved their learning efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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15 pages, 551 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Multimedia-Based Assessment of Scientific Inquiry Skills: Evaluating High School Students’ Scientific Inquiry Abilities Using Cloud Classroom Software

by Shih-Chao Yeh, Chun-Yen Chang and Van T. Hoang Ngo

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103016 - 13 Aug 2025

Viewed by 410

Abstract

We developed and validated an animation-based assessment (ABA) method for evaluating high school students’ inquiry competencies in Taiwan’s 12-Year Curriculum. Contextualized in atmospheric chemistry involving methane and hydroxyl radicals, ABA integrated dynamic simulations, tiered multiple-choice and open-ended tasks, and process tracking on the [...] Read more.

We developed and validated an animation-based assessment (ABA) method for evaluating high school students’ inquiry competencies in Taiwan’s 12-Year Curriculum. Contextualized in atmospheric chemistry involving methane and hydroxyl radicals, ABA integrated dynamic simulations, tiered multiple-choice and open-ended tasks, and process tracking on the CloudClassRoom platform, the assessment focused on measuring two inquiry skills: causal reasoning and critical thinking. The results of 26,823 students revealed that the ABA effectively differentiated student performance across ability levels and academic disciplines, with open-ended items sensitive to higher-order reasoning. Gender difference was not observed, indicating the gender-free design of the developed ABA. While the ABA supports diagnostic insights, limitations need to be addressed, including the underassessment of modeling and creative experimentation skills. Therefore, it is necessary to include open modeling tasks and AI-powered semantic scoring. The developed ABA contributes a scalable, competency-aligned framework for inquiry-based science assessments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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8 pages, 1422 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Designing for Diversity: Creating Inclusive Digital Learning Environments for Global Classrooms

by Wai Yie Leong

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103017 - 13 Aug 2025

Viewed by 638

Abstract

In an increasingly interconnected world, educational systems must meet the needs of diverse learners from varying cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic backgrounds. This study aims to explore the principles and practices of designing inclusive digital learning environments tailored to global classrooms, where diversity in [...] Read more.

In an increasingly interconnected world, educational systems must meet the needs of diverse learners from varying cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic backgrounds. This study aims to explore the principles and practices of designing inclusive digital learning environments tailored to global classrooms, where diversity in language, learning styles, accessibility, and technological resources presents unique challenges and opportunities. This study also explores how leveraging digital tools, artificial intelligence, and adaptive learning technologies can create environments that are responsive to individual learners’ needs and sensitive to cultural nuances. Research on inclusive instructional design was compiled, highlighting methods such as localized content adaptation, multi-language support, and flexible learning pathways. Furthermore, the role of collaborative learning platforms was assessed to foster a sense of community across geographic and cultural boundaries. Case studies were conducted from diverse educational perspectives to propose effective strategies for inclusive digital design, highlighting successful approaches and areas for improvement. Ultimately, a roadmap was constructed for educators, designers, and policymakers to create accessible and culturally aware digital learning spaces to support the academic and social development of all learners, regardless of their background. The results of this study underscore the importance of inclusivity in digital education, contributing to a more equitable and connected global learning landscape. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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8 pages, 205 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Large Language Model-Assisted Course Search: Parsing Structured Parameters from Natural Language Queries

by Max Upravitelev, Naomi Schoppa, Christopher Krauss, Truong-Sinh An, Bach Do and Aziz Md Abdul

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103018 - 14 Aug 2025

Viewed by 322

Abstract

We propose a method to address the challenge of course discovery on search platforms by employing large language models (LLMs) to parse extended search parameters from natural language queries. We developed a set of algorithms that augment a course search platform prototype by [...] Read more.

We propose a method to address the challenge of course discovery on search platforms by employing large language models (LLMs) to parse extended search parameters from natural language queries. We developed a set of algorithms that augment a course search platform prototype by integrating an LLM-based assistant to facilitate 55,000 vocational training sessions. The developed method supports natural language queries and parses optional search parameters. For parameter optionality and to evaluate the feasibility of parameter parsing, we introduce a relevance check mechanism based on cosine similarity. The parsing process was conducted by using a guided generation strategy with grammar-based restrictions to limit the generation possibilities. The developed method enhanced the precision and pertinence of course searches. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

8 pages, 7799 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Preliminary Study on Design of Elderly Seats Using Evaluation Grid Method: Assistive Cushions for Sitting and Standing Support

by Zi-Yang Lin, I-Jen Sung and Chun-Tung Chen

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103019 - 25 Aug 2025

Viewed by 522

Abstract

We explored the elderly’s preferences and perceptions of standing assistive cushions. Using the evaluation grid method (EGM) and Miryoku Engineering, we interviewed 10 elderly users to identify key attractiveness factors, revealing a preference for cushions with handles and stable support for enhanced safety [...] Read more.

We explored the elderly’s preferences and perceptions of standing assistive cushions. Using the evaluation grid method (EGM) and Miryoku Engineering, we interviewed 10 elderly users to identify key attractiveness factors, revealing a preference for cushions with handles and stable support for enhanced safety and usability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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7 pages, 1467 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Opportunities and Challenges of Big Models in Middle School Mathematics Teaching

by Yuyang Sun and Jiancheng Zou

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103020 - 27 Aug 2025

Viewed by 333

Abstract

The influence of large language models (LLMs) has permeated education, too. We explored the opportunities and challenges of LLMs in mathematics teaching. In mathematics education, the generative nature of LLMs is appropriate for teachers as it enables an understanding of mathematical knowledge rather [...] Read more.

The influence of large language models (LLMs) has permeated education, too. We explored the opportunities and challenges of LLMs in mathematics teaching. In mathematics education, the generative nature of LLMs is appropriate for teachers as it enables an understanding of mathematical knowledge rather than students who lack discernment. Additionally, we combined programming languages with LLMs, using the example of geometric models, to integrate mathematics and visual representation in a new way. Through a comparison of problem-solving between ChatGPT and MathGPT and an analysis of their logical reasoning, teachers can exercise with large models as auxiliary tools to enhance the quality of mathematics teaching. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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8 pages, 921 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design of Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Encoder/Decoder with Compact Circuit Structure for Booth Multiplier

by Yu-Nsin Wang and Yu-Cherng Hung

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103021 - 1 Sep 2025

Viewed by 361

Abstract

Multipliers are crucial components in digital processing and the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) of central processing unit (CPU) design. As the data bit length increases, the number of partial products in the multiplication process increases, resulting in an increased summation time for the [...] Read more.

Multipliers are crucial components in digital processing and the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) of central processing unit (CPU) design. As the data bit length increases, the number of partial products in the multiplication process increases, resulting in an increased summation time for the partial products. Consequently, the speed of the multiplier circuit is adversely affected by increased time delays. In this article, we present a combined radix-4 Booth encoding module that employs metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) transistors that share common control signals to reduce the transistor count. In HSPICE simulations, the functionality of the proposed circuit architecture was verified, and the number of transistors used was successfully reduced. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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6 pages, 793 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Enhancing Anatomy Teaching and Learning Through 3D and Mixed-Reality Tools in Medical Education

by Jie Yang, Wang Gang, Yihe Ye, Yaning Zhu, Shijiang You, Zhihuang Huang, Tianyu Lv and Ren Gang

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103022 - 18 Aug 2025

Viewed by 101

Abstract

We developed an innovative system to enhance medical education, specifically in teaching anatomy and surgical techniques. We applied three-dimensional (3D) and mixed-reality (MR) technologies to create immersive learning experiences. The system enables students to gain hands-on experience in a virtual environment and understand [...] Read more.

We developed an innovative system to enhance medical education, specifically in teaching anatomy and surgical techniques. We applied three-dimensional (3D) and mixed-reality (MR) technologies to create immersive learning experiences. The system enables students to gain hands-on experience in a virtual environment and understand anatomical structures and related surgical procedures. We designed the system architecture, user interface, and educational methodologies. By integrating modern technology into teaching methods, students can engage and improve learning efficiency, and the potential of 3D and MR technologies is validated in medical education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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7 pages, 574 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effects on Integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools into an Expressive Arts Counseling Course: A Preliminary Study

by Hsin-Yi Li and Su-Fen Tu

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103023 - 3 Sep 2025

Viewed by 594

Abstract

With the rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), its integration into education has gained significant attention. However, the impact of GenAI tools in expressive arts counseling courses (EAsCCs) remains underexplored. Therefore, we examined the effects of integrating GenAI tools, such as text-to-image, [...] Read more.

With the rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), its integration into education has gained significant attention. However, the impact of GenAI tools in expressive arts counseling courses (EAsCCs) remains underexplored. Therefore, we examined the effects of integrating GenAI tools, such as text-to-image, into a four-week EAsCC involving 10 college students (2 males and 8 females). Using a mixed-methods approach, the participants in this study engaged in art-based practices to enhance self-awareness, explore life milestones, envision future goals, and develop their action plan. GenAI tools were used to create art-based photos in this study. Qualitative data from reflection journals and quantitative data from a designed questionnaire were analyzed. The results indicated that the course enhanced participants’ self-awareness, confidence, and understanding of expressive arts practice (EAsP). However, the participants encountered challenges with the precision of GenAI tools in generating intended images, highlighting their current limitations. These results underscore the need for the refinement of GenAI technologies to better support creative expression and therapeutic exploration. The results also provide information on the potential and challenges of GenAI in expressive arts education, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to develop effective and meaningful learning and teaching experiences. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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10 pages, 1081 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Insights into the Emotion Classification of Artificial Intelligence: Evolution, Application, and Obstacles of Emotion Classification

by Marselina Endah Hiswati, Ema Utami, Kusrini Kusrini and Arief Setyanto

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103024 - 3 Sep 2025

Viewed by 327

Abstract

In this systematic literature review, we examined the integration of emotional intelligence into artificial intelligence (AI) systems, focusing on advancements, challenges, and opportunities in emotion classification technologies. Accurate emotion recognition in AI holds immense potential in healthcare, the IoT, and education. However, challenges [...] Read more.

In this systematic literature review, we examined the integration of emotional intelligence into artificial intelligence (AI) systems, focusing on advancements, challenges, and opportunities in emotion classification technologies. Accurate emotion recognition in AI holds immense potential in healthcare, the IoT, and education. However, challenges such as computational demands, limited dataset diversity, and real-time deployment complexity remain significant. In this review, we included research on emerging solutions like multimodal data processing, attention mechanisms, and real-time emotion tracking to address these issues. By overcoming these issues, AI systems enhance human–AI interactions and expand real-world applications. Recommendations for improving accuracy and scalability in emotion-aware AI are provided based on the review results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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9 pages, 1791 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Neural Network Analysis of Technology Adoption Intentions Among Womenpreneurs in Small and Medium Enterprises

by Riana Magdalena Silitonga, Yann-Mey Yee, Ronald Sukwadi and Agustinus Silalahi

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103025 - 4 Sep 2025

Viewed by 652

Abstract

Financial literacy has grown significantly in recent years, leading to increased accountability among individuals in managing their spending, investments, and financial planning. To effectively develop new technologies, how potential users respond to them beforehand must be understood. In this study, we developed a [...] Read more.

Financial literacy has grown significantly in recent years, leading to increased accountability among individuals in managing their spending, investments, and financial planning. To effectively develop new technologies, how potential users respond to them beforehand must be understood. In this study, we developed a model based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), encompassing five primary components: performance expectations, social influence, facilitating conditions, satisfaction, and continuation intentions. A total of 250 participants’ data were analyzed using an artificial neural network (ANN) to evaluate the integrated model. The results showed variables affecting lower-middle-class users of a digital financial literacy application’s acceptance of new technology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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6 pages, 1456 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Action Research on Problem-Based Learning in Development of Engineering Curriculum in Design Departments: A Case Study of Mechanism Design

by Ting-Chien Lu

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103026 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 2260

Abstract

Mechanism design, a fundamental course of the Department of Design, presents a significant challenge in learning product design. To address this issue, problem-based learning (PBL) was applied to teaching the “tree-climbing mechanism.” In the course, students designed and constructed a gear-based phone holder, [...] Read more.

Mechanism design, a fundamental course of the Department of Design, presents a significant challenge in learning product design. To address this issue, problem-based learning (PBL) was applied to teaching the “tree-climbing mechanism.” In the course, students designed and constructed a gear-based phone holder, assembled and evaluated a linkage mechanism using LEGO, designed and prototyped a tree-climbing mechanism through hands-on modeling, and tested the tree-climbing mechanism with handcrafted models or LEGO, incorporating batteries and motors. In each subtopic, students leveraged the department’s digital fabrication equipment and workshop to create functional prototypes. The instructor provided foundational knowledge of mechanisms to guide students to relevant resources and adapt the course content based on student reflections and assessments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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7 pages, 182 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Application and Optimization of Industrial Internet and Big Data Analytics in Enterprise Decision-Making

by Duan Jinhua

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103027 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 369

Abstract

The integration of the industrial Internet and big data analytics is reshaping enterprise decision-making models and providing new momentum for the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries. In this study, a decision support system based on multi-source heterogeneous data fusion was established. [...] Read more.

The integration of the industrial Internet and big data analytics is reshaping enterprise decision-making models and providing new momentum for the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries. In this study, a decision support system based on multi-source heterogeneous data fusion was established. The system carries out data collection, storage, and processing, as well as visualization analysis. The system also performs time-series data feature extraction and unstructured data processing in a three-layer architecture model to train models and generate decision-making. In case studies, the effectiveness of the system in predictive maintenance of equipment, dynamic optimization of supply chains, and product quality traceability was verified. A fault prediction model was developed based on an improved random forest algorithm, and it showed a high level of accuracy. Optimization strategies, such as modular system design, dynamic knowledge base updating, and human–machine collaborative decision-making, can be formulated using the system. To evaluate the system, a three-dimensional evaluation index system was built, including technology maturity, application adaptability, and benefit–output ratio. The developed system effectively improved the efficiency of enterprise resource allocation, shortened abnormality response times, and enhanced market adaptability. By using edge computing and digital twin technologies, a more flexible distributed decision-making architecture can be created in the system, promoting data-driven and intelligent decision-making in manufacturing industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

7 pages, 1017 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Portable Vision Testing and Optometry Technology

by Feng-Ming Yeh, Wei-Hsin Chen, Ya-Hui Hsieh, Ching-Hui Yeh, Kuang-Min Chen and Der-Chin Chen

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103028 - 15 Sep 2025

Viewed by 229

Abstract

We developed an innovative method using the focal length change in the zoom lens to enable subjects with refractive errors to see the E chart image. For myopes, the distant E chart image is in front of the retina. By using the focal [...] Read more.

We developed an innovative method using the focal length change in the zoom lens to enable subjects with refractive errors to see the E chart image. For myopes, the distant E chart image is in front of the retina. By using the focal length change in the zoom lens, the E chart is located inside the first focal point of the zoom, diverging light. The E chart image is formed on the retina, and the myopes can clearly see the E chart. For hyperopia, the distant E chart image is behind the retina. Similarly, by using the focal length change in the zoom lens, the E chart is located outside the first focal point of the zoom lens and converges light, and the E chart image is formed on the retina. Hyperopia patients can clearly see the converged E chart. The test for myopia was repeated 30 times. The average of the two test values was −0.7, and the rest were −0.8. The error in the two test datasets can be minimized by optimizing the zoom lens, reducing the optical image value, and expanding the field of view (FOV). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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5 pages, 1075 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Soft Gripper Gloves with Mirroring System Design for Hand Rehabilitation

by Helmy Dewanto Bryantono, Cheng-Yan Su, Ju-Kai Huang, Tan-Wen Xin and Shi-Chang Tseng

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103029 - 18 Sep 2025

Viewed by 121

Abstract

Over the last decade, soft robotic gripper systems, such as grippers, have been used in a variety of applications, particularly in human rehabilitation. This study aims to enhance the rehabilitation process by creating a mirroring system glove for hand paralysis patients due to [...] Read more.

Over the last decade, soft robotic gripper systems, such as grippers, have been used in a variety of applications, particularly in human rehabilitation. This study aims to enhance the rehabilitation process by creating a mirroring system glove for hand paralysis patients due to injury, stroke, hemiplegia, and others. A soft and flexible liquid silicone rubber (LSR) was used to develop and build a pair of gloves to improve comfort and safety compared with rigid rehabilitation equipment. The non-affected hand’s sensory glove, equipped with flex sensors, detects motion by measuring the bending angle at each finger. The other glove uses Arduino and a pneumatic system to help the afflicted hand accomplish training exercises. The new design of a gripper is important for manufacturing gloves that provide acceptable gripping behavior. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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6 pages, 872 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Temporary Dry Eyes Caused by Eating Fried Foods

by Yung-Fu Liu, Feng-Ming Yeh, Ya-Hui Hsieh, Cheng-Hung Lai, Wei-Hsin Chen and Der-Chin Chen

Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103030 - 22 Sep 2025

Abstract

Tear osmotic pressure, tear volume, and quality were measured before and after subjects without dry eye syndrome ate fried chicken slices for one week. By analyzing the data, we explored the causes of temporary dry eye syndrome. A 2 mL volume of normal [...] Read more.

Tear osmotic pressure, tear volume, and quality were measured before and after subjects without dry eye syndrome ate fried chicken slices for one week. By analyzing the data, we explored the causes of temporary dry eye syndrome. A 2 mL volume of normal saline was added to fluorescent tear test paper, which was applied to the conjunctiva of the subject, and the tear breakup time and tear lake height were measured with a digital slit lamp. The tear test paper was placed on the outside of the subject’s lower eyelid to test their tear volume. A total of 29 subjects, aged between 20 and 55 years old, ate fried foods for one week. The amount of tears produced before and after they ate fried chicken slices was tested using paired samples t-tests. The tear volume in the left and right eyes decreased at a significance level of p < 0.05. The tear membrane breakup time before and after treatment was analyzed using fluorescent reagents and digital slit lamps. The paired-sample t-test results showed that there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Eating fried chicken slices for a week significantly contributed to dry eyes, regardless of gender and age. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2025)

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