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2 pages, 141 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Statement of Peer Review—The 2024 10th International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology

by Jongwan Hu, Dongkeon Kim and Mosbeh Kaloop

Mater. Proc. 2024, 18(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024018009 - 4 Sep 2024

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Abstract

In submitting conference proceedings to Materials Proceedings, the Volume Editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review, administered by the Volume Editors [...] Full article

2 pages, 892 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Preface of the 2024 10th International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology

by Jongwan Hu, Dongkeon Kim and Mosbeh Kaloop

Mater. Proc. 2024, 18(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024018008 - 2 Sep 2024

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Abstract

The International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology (ICAET) took place in Incheon, Incheon National University, South Korea from 17 to 19 May 2024 [...] Full article

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7 pages, 2781 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Intelligent Smart Coatings for Enhanced Corrosion Protection in Carbon Steel

by Marwa A. Al-Ani, Ala H. Al-Ardah, Amal Mahgoub, Noora Aboumattar, Hadir Ibrahim, Muddasir Nawaz, R. A. Shakoor, Ahmed Radwan and Noora Al-Qahtani

Mater. Proc. 2024, 18(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024018001 - 19 Aug 2024

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Abstract

This study explores a new approach for corrosion protection of carbon steel, focusing on the application of polymeric coatings. Anticorrosive pigments were synthesized by loading 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole into zirconium oxide particles, and then an epoxy coating was applied on a steel substrate to analyze [...] Read more.

This study explores a new approach for corrosion protection of carbon steel, focusing on the application of polymeric coatings. Anticorrosive pigments were synthesized by loading 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole into zirconium oxide particles, and then an epoxy coating was applied on a steel substrate to analyze the corrosion inhibition activity. Analytical techniques like FTIR and XRD confirmed the successful loading of corrosion inhibitors onto zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO₂), revealing changes in chemical bonding and structural patterns. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the spheroidal morphology of ZrO₂ after inhibitor loading, while contact angle measurements showed improved hydrophobicity due to reduced porosity from the nanoparticles. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed enhanced corrosion resistance in the modified coatings compared to reference coatings, demonstrating stable impedance values and delayed electrolyte uptake. These findings suggest the potential of the developed coating system in mitigating carbon steel corrosion, offering insights for its application across various industries. Full article

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7 pages, 6735 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effect of Alumina as an Anti-Soiling Nanomaterial for Enhancing Photovoltaic Performance

by Ala H. S. Alardah, Alfajer M. Alrasheed, Fatima Ahmad Alemadi, Sumalatha Bonthula, Enas Fares, Rajender Boddula, Ahmed Bahgat Radwan and Noora Al-Qahtani

Mater. Proc. 2024, 18(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024018002 - 20 Aug 2024

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Abstract

Anti-soiling coatings are an essential tool for repelling or protecting surfaces from all sorts of particles, sand, and dust. It is usually used on photovoltaic (PV) cells and solar cells to generate electricity in dry regions such as Qatar and the Gulf countries. [...] Read more.

Anti-soiling coatings are an essential tool for repelling or protecting surfaces from all sorts of particles, sand, and dust. It is usually used on photovoltaic (PV) cells and solar cells to generate electricity in dry regions such as Qatar and the Gulf countries. However, due to soiling, the performance of solar and PV cells significantly degrades, and they are unable to achieve their potential for success. Thus, an anti-soiling coating is applied to prevent dust accumulation, which interferes with the function of solar panels by restricting the required power output. In this study, an alumina nanomaterial was used in the preparation of the ink, which was coated onto a normal glass substrate using the spin coating technique, and the coated samples were characterized using SEM and XRD. The results showed that the coating was able to significantly reduce the surface energy of the glass substrate while improving its hydrophobicity. The anti-soiling performance of the coating was evaluated using a gravimetric method, which showed that the coating had excellent anti-soiling properties. The reference and coated glass substrates were placed outdoors for a given period of time, and the results showed that the amount of dust that was deposited on the coated sample that was outdoors was greatly reduced. Full article

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8 pages, 2219 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Idea of a “Loop Fragment” of the Finite Element Force Method in the Loop Resultant Method for Static Structural Analysis

by H. H. Ngo, V. V. Lalin, I. I. Lalina, A. M. Vavilova, T. Q. T. Le and T. M. D. Le

Mater. Proc. 2024, 18(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024018003 - 20 Aug 2024

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Abstract

In this paper, a novel technique called a “loop fragment” (LF) is developed for structural analysis. A simple method is sufficient for establishing the loop system of framed structures using an original idea, the LF of the loop resultant method, and two conversion [...] Read more.

In this paper, a novel technique called a “loop fragment” (LF) is developed for structural analysis. A simple method is sufficient for establishing the loop system of framed structures using an original idea, the LF of the loop resultant method, and two conversion rules are necessary to find the structure (or equivalent) flexibility matrix of the rod system. This LF is generated by splitting the given structure into indeterminate basic loops. Instead of the conventional approach of treating the redundant forces in the whole structure, the current approach allows for the calculation to be simplified, thanks to the loop compatibility conditions and by dealing with the primary unknowns for each basic loop. Some numerical examples are considered for the structural frame subjected to temperature loads. Full article

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12 pages, 7429 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Sustainable Hydrogen from Activated Carbon Derived from Fennel Waste

by Mohamed Helally, Manal B. Alhamdan, Zainab Baloochi, Hadir M. Ibrahim, Naval Alhamdan, Mostafa H. Sliem and Noora Al-Qahtani

Mater. Proc. 2024, 18(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024018004 - 28 Aug 2024

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Abstract

Hydrogen represents an environmentally friendly and renewable energy source that could substitute fossil fuels and diminish greenhouse gas emissions. However, conventional methods of producing hydrogen are frequently expensive, energy-intensive, or detrimental to the environment. This study proposes an innovative and eco-friendly approach for [...] Read more.

Hydrogen represents an environmentally friendly and renewable energy source that could substitute fossil fuels and diminish greenhouse gas emissions. However, conventional methods of producing hydrogen are frequently expensive, energy-intensive, or detrimental to the environment. This study proposes an innovative and eco-friendly approach for hydrogen production using activated carbon derived from fennel flower waste, an inexpensive agricultural by-product abundant in Qatar. The researchers prepared the activated carbon by carbonizing and chemically activating it with potassium hydroxide, and characterized its properties through various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. They subsequently evaluated the activated carbon’s catalytic performance in a hydrogen production system utilizing sodium borohydride and water as reactants, comparing the results with those obtained from commercial catalysts such as nickel and platinum. The findings revealed that the activated carbon derived from fennel flower waste exhibited a high hydrogen yield of 99.8%, which was comparable to or even surpassed that of the commercial catalysts. Furthermore, the activated carbon demonstrated good stability and reusability over multiple cycles. This study shows that fennel flower waste can be transformed into a valuable catalyst for hydrogen production, offering a sustainable and environmentally conscious solution for energy generation. Full article

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16 pages, 6059 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis and Selection of Multiple Machine Learning Methodologies in PyCaret for Monthly Electricity Consumption Demand Forecasting

by José Orlando Quintana Quispe, Alberto Cristobal Flores Quispe, Nilton Cesar León Calvo and Osmar Cuentas Toledo

Mater. Proc. 2024, 18(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024018005 - 28 Aug 2024

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Abstract

This study investigates the application of several machine learning models using PyCaret to forecast the monthly demand for electricity consumption; we analyze historical data of monthly consumption readings for the Cuajone Mining Unit of the company Minera Southern Peru Copper Corporation, recorded in [...] Read more.

This study investigates the application of several machine learning models using PyCaret to forecast the monthly demand for electricity consumption; we analyze historical data of monthly consumption readings for the Cuajone Mining Unit of the company Minera Southern Peru Copper Corporation, recorded in the electricity yearbooks from the decentralized office of the Ministry of Energy and Mines in the Moquegua region between 2008 and 2018. We evaluated the performance of 27 machine learning models available in PyCaret for the forecast of monthly electricity consumption, selecting the three most effective models: Exponential Smoothing, AdaBoost with Conditional Deseasonalize and Detrending and ETS (Error-Trend-Seasonality). We evaluated the performance of these models using eight metrics: MASE, RMSSE, MAE, RMSE, MAPE, SMAPE, R2, and calculation time. Among the analyzed models, Exponential Smoothing demonstrated the best performance with a MASE of 0.8359, an MAE of 4012.24 and an RMSE of 5922.63; among the analyzed models, Exponential Smoothing demonstrated the best performance with a MASE of 0.8359, an MAE of 4012.24 and a RMSE of 5922.63, followed by AdaBoost with Conditional Deseasonalize and Detrending, while ETS also provided competitive results. Forecasts for 2018 were compared with actual data, confirming the high accuracy of these models. These findings provide a robust energy management and planning framework, highlighting the potential of machine learning methodologies to optimize electricity consumption forecasting. Full article

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12 pages, 5513 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Decontamination of Heavy and Trace Metals by Using Natural Sorbents: A Case Study of Chemical Laboratory Wastewater Treatment

by Ahmed M. A. Aly, Ahmed H. A. Emam, Ala H. S. Alardah, Rinad A. M. Edriss Khataby, Ahmed Easa, Ahmad A. Ahmadi, Mohammad Ibrahim and Noora Al-Qahtani

Mater. Proc. 2024, 18(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024018006 - 21 Aug 2024

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Abstract

Chemical wastewater treatment in laboratories poses a significant challenge due to the complex nature of the contaminants involved. Humic materials and clay have emerged as promising solutions for remediation due to their unique properties, such as high adsorption capacity and ability to form [...] Read more.

Chemical wastewater treatment in laboratories poses a significant challenge due to the complex nature of the contaminants involved. Humic materials and clay have emerged as promising solutions for remediation due to their unique properties, such as high adsorption capacity and ability to form stable complexes with heavy metals. This research explores the potential of humic materials and clay in wastewater treatment by evaluating their effectiveness in removing various chemicals commonly found in laboratory effluents. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to developing sustainable and cost-effective approaches for managing chemical wastewater in laboratories. Humic acid demonstrated a higher affinity for specific metals, with Cobalt (Co) showing the highest uptake, followed by Manganese (Mn) and Molybdenum (Mo), among other elements. On the other hand, the natural clay sample exhibited a different uptake sequence, indicating its distinct sorption preferences for various metals. The notable uptake of Molybdenum (Mo), Barium (Ba), and Arsenic (As) by the clay sample underscores its potential as an effective sorbent for these elements in wastewater treatment applications. Full article

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8 pages, 478 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Unveiling Bottled Water Perils: Investigating Phthalate Ester Acid Leaching from Bottled Water in Qatar’s Scorching Climes

by Amna Alemadi, Marwa A. Alani, Mohammed Akkbik and Noora Al-Qahtani

Mater. Proc. 2024, 18(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024018007 - 28 Aug 2024

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Abstract

Plastic bottles have gained widespread popularity due to their durability, affordability, and recyclable nature. Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are used as plasticizers in PET bottle production, which has raised concerns regarding their presence in the environment and potential adverse effects on health, including [...] Read more.

Plastic bottles have gained widespread popularity due to their durability, affordability, and recyclable nature. Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are used as plasticizers in PET bottle production, which has raised concerns regarding their presence in the environment and potential adverse effects on health, including carcinogenic and endocrine-disrupting properties. PAEs can migrate from PET bottles into the contents, especially when exposed to high temperatures. This study is the first study in Qatar to determine the leaching of DBP, BBP, and DEHP in local PET drinking water bottles under different stressful thermal conditions. GC–MS is a susceptible instrument, and it is an ideal technique to detect and quantify PAEs in collected local plastic water bottles under different storage temperatures, namely at room temperature, 24 °C; 50 °C; and cyclic temperatures of 70 °C. The limits of detection for DBP, BBP, and DEHP were 0.09, 0.33, and 0.93 µg/L, respectively. Five local brands of PET bottles in Qatar were collected and stored under thermal conditions (24, 50, and 70 °C cyclic). Three kinds of leached PAEs, including dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), were detected by GC–MS , ranging from 2.84 to 17.32, 1.16 to 21.35, and 0.01 to 19.59 ng/L, respectively. Significant differences were observed between room temperature 24 °C, 50 °C, and cyclic temperature for concentrations of DBP, BBP, and DEHP. Full article

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9 pages, 2160 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Green Innovation: Harnessing Chitosan Hydrogel Beads for Sustainable Lead Removal in Wastewater Treatment towards Qatar Vision 2030

by Ghada Ali, Mohamed Helally, Marwa A. F. Alani, Ala H. S. Alardah, Rinad A. M. Khataby, Maryam Y. Fazili, Jassim H. A. Al-Maki, Ali Mohamed, Mostafa H. R. Sliem and Noora Al-Qahtani

Mater. Proc. 2024, 18(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024018010 - 5 Sep 2024

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Abstract

Chitosan and its derivatives, known for their unique molecular structures and advantageous biological properties, have emerged as promising candidates for diverse applications, particularly in the realm of water treatment. This study investigated the effectiveness of chitosan hydrogel beads combined with activated carbon in [...] Read more.

Chitosan and its derivatives, known for their unique molecular structures and advantageous biological properties, have emerged as promising candidates for diverse applications, particularly in the realm of water treatment. This study investigated the effectiveness of chitosan hydrogel beads combined with activated carbon in removing lead from contaminated water sources. The overarching objective of this research endeavor is to develop a sustainable and cost-effective wastewater treatment system, aligning with Qatar Vision 2030’s emphasis on sustainable development goals. Experimental investigations were conducted to fabricate chitosan hydrogel beads and assess their characteristics through rigorous FTIR and ICP-OES analyses. Notably, the incorporation of activated carbon with chitosan significantly enhanced lead removal efficacy, achieving removal efficiencies ranging from 80.29% to 96.48% with various activated carbon mixtures, indicating promising opportunities for further optimization. The FTIR analysis showed that incorporating activated carbon into chitosan beads resulted in distinct changes in the IR spectra. AC-chitosan beads exhibited broad -OH peaks at 3272 cm⁻¹ and a stretch at 1639 cm⁻¹, which were less pronounced or absent in isolated chitosan beads. Both types showed a peak at 1376 cm⁻¹, with higher intensity in regular chitosan beads. Beyond underscoring the importance of chitosan-based materials in water treatment, this study also provides insightful recommendations for future research endeavors aimed at fostering awareness and facilitating practical applications, thereby bolstering environmental conservation and sustainable water management initiatives. Full article

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