Fyn Tyrosine Kinase as Harmonizing Factor in Neuronal Functions and Dysfunctions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Fyn Structure and Activation Mechanisms
3. Fyn in the Brain: Distribution and Function
3.1. Fyn Promotes Myelination in the CNS
3.2. Fyn Mediates Oligodendrocytes Differentiation and Maturation
3.3. Fyn and Semaphorins in Neurodevelopment and Neurodevelopment-Associated Disorders
3.4. Fyn Controls Neuronal Migration
3.5. Fyn in Synaptic Regulation and Dysregulation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AMPAR | α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor |
AD | Alzheimer’s Disease |
APP | Amyloid Precursor Protein |
ApoER2 | Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 |
AP2 | Clathrin adaptor protein |
ASD | Autism Spectrum Disorder |
A2RE | A2 response element |
BBB | blood–brain barrier |
Cdk5 | CiclinA2-dependent kinase 5 |
CRMP-2 | Collapsin response mediator protein-2 |
CDT | Carboxy-terminal domains |
CNS | Central Nervous System |
DAB1 | Intracellular adaptor protein |
GAP-domain | GTPase activating domain |
GRIP1/2 | Glutamate receptor interacting proteins 1 and 2 |
GSK3β | Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta |
HI | Hypoxic–ischemia |
HnRNP A2 | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 |
IPT | Immunoglobulin-plexin-transcription domain |
LTP | Long-term potential |
L-VGCC | L-type voltage-gated calcium channel |
MAG | Myelin-associated glycoprotein |
MAP | Microtubule-associated proteins |
MBP | Myelin basic protein |
MGLUR | Metabotropic glutamate receptor |
MS | Multiple sclerosis |
NGF | Nerve Growth Factor |
NMDA | N-methyl-d-aspartate |
NMDAR | N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor |
NRTK | Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase |
OL | Oligodendrocytes |
OTK | Off-track kinases |
PD | Parkinson Disease |
PDGF | Platelet-Derived Growth factor |
PLP | Proteolipid protein |
PP1,PP2 | Pyrazolopyrimidine |
PrPC | Prion protein |
PSD | Postsynaptic density |
PSI | Plexin-semaphorin-integrin domain |
PYK2 | Protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta |
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
RPTPα | Receptor-like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase α |
RSV | Rous’ virus |
SFK | Src Family Kinases |
SNPs | Single nucleotide polymorphisms |
STEP | Striatal Enriched Phosphatase |
TK | Tyrosine Kinase |
VLDL-R | Very-low density lipoprotein receptor |
Γ-FCR | Γ-chain of immunoglobulin receptor |
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Symbol and Name Gene | Support in Autism | N° of Studies Reporting the Evidence | Supporting Evidence |
---|---|---|---|
PLEXA4 (Plexin A4) | Functional | 3 | Copy number variations (CNVs) involving the PLXN-A4 gene were identified in two unrelated ASD case |
SEMA5A (Semaphorin 5A) | Functional | 15 | Expression of the SEMA5A gene has been shown to be downregulated in some autistic individuals |
FRK (Fyn-related kinase) | Genetic association | 3 | Genetic association has been found between the FRK gene and autism in two large cohorts (AGRE and ACC) of European ancestry and replicate in two other cohort (CAP and CART) |
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Matrone, C.; Petrillo, F.; Nasso, R.; Ferretti, G. Fyn Tyrosine Kinase as Harmonizing Factor in Neuronal Functions and Dysfunctions. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 4444. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124444
Matrone C, Petrillo F, Nasso R, Ferretti G. Fyn Tyrosine Kinase as Harmonizing Factor in Neuronal Functions and Dysfunctions. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(12):4444. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124444
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatrone, Carmela, Federica Petrillo, Rosarita Nasso, and Gabriella Ferretti. 2020. "Fyn Tyrosine Kinase as Harmonizing Factor in Neuronal Functions and Dysfunctions" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 12: 4444. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124444