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Article

Non-Destructive Prediction of Carotenoids, Ascorbic Acid, and Total Phenols Contents in ‘Tommy Atkins’ Mangoes Using Absorption and Scattering Properties Measured by Time-Resolved Reflectance Spectroscopy

by
Maristella Vanoli
1,*,
Anna Rizzolo
1,
Fabio Lovati
1,
Lorenzo Spinelli
2,
Pietro Levoni
3,
Alessandro Torricelli
2,3 and
Giovanna Cortellino
1
1
Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari (CREA-IT), Via Venezian 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
2
Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
3
Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agriculture 2024, 14(11), 1902; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14111902
Submission received: 26 September 2024 / Revised: 22 October 2024 / Accepted: 23 October 2024 / Published: 26 October 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Agricultural Product Quality and Safety)
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Abstract

Mango fruit is a rich source of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, phenolics, and ascorbic acid. This research aimed at predicting the content of these bioactive compounds in ‘Tommy Atkins’ mangoes using optical properties, i.e., the absorption coefficients related to chlorophylls (µa630, µa650, µa670, µa690) and carotenoids (µa540), and the scattering parameters (Mie’s A and b), measured during the shelf-life period at 20 °C by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy. The µa540 and Mie’s b increased during shelf-life, while µa670 and Mie’s A decreased. Ascorbic acid (AA) and the total antioxidant capacity decreased during shelf-life, while the total carotenoids increased, and the total phenols (TPC) did not significantly change. The major constituent of the nonsaponified extracts, (all-E)-β-carotene, increased during the shelf-life period. A similar trend was observed for the total (all-E)-violaxanthin esters, the total (9Z)-violaxanthin esters and the total neoxanthin esters. Carotenoids are responsible for the yellow-orange color of mangoes: (all-E)-β-carotene was mainly related to a* and h° pulp color while the total (all-E)-violaxanthin esters were mainly linked to b*, C*, and the yellowness index. Using multiple regression analysis, good prediction models were achieved for the total carotenoids (R2adj = 83.1%), the total xanthophylls (R2adj = 78%), (all-E)-β-carotene (R2adj = 77%) and the total (all-E)-violaxanthin esters (R2adj = 74%), while less satisfactory predictions were obtained for AA and TPC.
Keywords: Mangifera indica L.; carotenoids; ascorbic acid; total phenols; TRS optical properties; shelf-life; predictive models Mangifera indica L.; carotenoids; ascorbic acid; total phenols; TRS optical properties; shelf-life; predictive models

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MDPI and ACS Style

Vanoli, M.; Rizzolo, A.; Lovati, F.; Spinelli, L.; Levoni, P.; Torricelli, A.; Cortellino, G. Non-Destructive Prediction of Carotenoids, Ascorbic Acid, and Total Phenols Contents in ‘Tommy Atkins’ Mangoes Using Absorption and Scattering Properties Measured by Time-Resolved Reflectance Spectroscopy. Agriculture 2024, 14, 1902. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14111902

AMA Style

Vanoli M, Rizzolo A, Lovati F, Spinelli L, Levoni P, Torricelli A, Cortellino G. Non-Destructive Prediction of Carotenoids, Ascorbic Acid, and Total Phenols Contents in ‘Tommy Atkins’ Mangoes Using Absorption and Scattering Properties Measured by Time-Resolved Reflectance Spectroscopy. Agriculture. 2024; 14(11):1902. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14111902

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vanoli, Maristella, Anna Rizzolo, Fabio Lovati, Lorenzo Spinelli, Pietro Levoni, Alessandro Torricelli, and Giovanna Cortellino. 2024. "Non-Destructive Prediction of Carotenoids, Ascorbic Acid, and Total Phenols Contents in ‘Tommy Atkins’ Mangoes Using Absorption and Scattering Properties Measured by Time-Resolved Reflectance Spectroscopy" Agriculture 14, no. 11: 1902. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14111902

APA Style

Vanoli, M., Rizzolo, A., Lovati, F., Spinelli, L., Levoni, P., Torricelli, A., & Cortellino, G. (2024). Non-Destructive Prediction of Carotenoids, Ascorbic Acid, and Total Phenols Contents in ‘Tommy Atkins’ Mangoes Using Absorption and Scattering Properties Measured by Time-Resolved Reflectance Spectroscopy. Agriculture, 14(11), 1902. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14111902

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