Design, Modeling, and Control of UAV Systems

A special issue of Actuators (ISSN 2076-0825). This special issue belongs to the section "Aerospace Actuators".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 April 2026 | Viewed by 4122

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
Interests: unmanned system navigation and control; precision sensing; computer vision; intelligent algorithm
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Guest Editor
School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
Interests: motion planning for multi quadrotor

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Guest Editor
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
Interests: object detection; deep learning; IOU

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are at the forefront of modern technological innovation, revolutionizing fields from agriculture to defense. The increasing complexity and autonomy required for these systems necessitate advanced approaches in their design, modeling, and control. This Special Issue, "Design, Modeling, and Control of UAV Systems," seeks to explore cutting-edge research and development in these crucial areas.

In recent years, the demand for UAVs capable of performing sophisticated tasks in dynamic and uncertain environments has escalated. To address this need, innovative methodologies that encompass aerodynamic design, structural optimization, flight dynamics, and control strategies are paramount. Advanced control algorithms, real-time systems integration, and robust modeling techniques are essential to enhancing UAV performance, reliability, and safety. The intersection of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and control theory has also brought forth novel approaches to autonomous flight, multi-UAV coordination, and adaptive control systems.

This Special Issue encourages the submission of original research on topics including, but not limited to, UAV system design, aerodynamics, control system optimization, path planning, autonomous navigation, sensor fusion, fault-tolerant control, and human–UAV interaction. Contributions that address the challenges and advancements in the modeling and control of UAVs in diverse operational scenarios are particularly welcome. Through this Special Issue, we aim to advance the understanding and capabilities of UAV systems, supporting their deployment in increasingly complex and critical applications.

The current Special Issue includes topics on, but not limited to, the following areas:

  • UAV airframe design;
  • Aerodynamic modeling and simulation;
  • Robust and adaptive flight control algorithms;
  • Intelligent sensing and navigation control;
  • SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping);
  • Fault-tolerant control systems;
  • Propulsion systems and energy management;
  • Payload integration;
  • Machine learning and AI in UAV systems;
  • Multi-sensor data fusion techniques;
  • Environmental perception and situational awareness;
  • Advanced sensor technologies for UAVs;
  • Autonomous flight planning and mission execution;
  • Obstacle detection and avoidance strategies;
  • UAV communication systems;
  • Fault detection and recovery;
  • Multi-UAV coordination and formation control;
  • Novel UAV applications.

Prof. Dr. Lihui Wang
Prof. Dr. Bailing Tian
Dr. Hongyang Bai
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Actuators is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • UAV system design
  • aerodynamics
  • control system optimization
  • path planning
  • autonomous navigation
  • sensor fusion
  • fault-tolerant control

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2116 KB  
Article
Wound-Rotor Synchronous Motor with Toroidal Windings for UAV Propulsion Systems
by Se-Eun Kim and Yong-Min You
Actuators 2026, 15(2), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/act15020082 - 1 Feb 2026
Viewed by 539
Abstract
Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) based on electric propulsion systems are being increasingly adopted in various fields, including industrial and military applications. Outer-rotor surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors (SPMSMs) are predominantly applied in UAV propulsion systems. However, these motors are vulnerable to the [...] Read more.
Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) based on electric propulsion systems are being increasingly adopted in various fields, including industrial and military applications. Outer-rotor surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors (SPMSMs) are predominantly applied in UAV propulsion systems. However, these motors are vulnerable to the price fluctuations of rare-earth materials and supply chain instability. In addition, the magnets in these motors are prone to detachment at high rotational speeds, and demagnetization under high-temperature conditions may reduce output performance. To address these limitations, research is being actively conducted on non-permanent magnet motors, among which, wound-rotor synchronous motors (WRSMs) offer the advantage of controllable field excitation at high speeds. Furthermore, WRSMs can use both magnetic and reluctance torques, thereby increasing power density relative to other non-permanent magnet motors. However, the adoption of an additional field winding increases copper loss, thus reducing motor efficiency. This study investigates the application of the toroidal winding structure, which is already widely applied in permanent magnet and brushless direct current machines, to WRSMs. The performance of these motors is compared with that of motors using conventional tooth-coil windings. The toroidal windings are circumferentially distributed along both the inner and outer stator yoke paths, effectively reducing the end-turn length relative to that of conventional tooth-coil windings. Two WRSMs, one with tooth-coil and another with toroidal windings, are designed using identical specifications to compare performances via finite element analysis. The armature copper loss in the proposed model decreased by approximately 28% because the toroidal winding structure reduced the end-turn length. As a result, the efficiency increased by about 1.9% due to the reductions in copper, core, and eddy current losses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Modeling, and Control of UAV Systems)
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16 pages, 10421 KB  
Article
Research on Consistency Control Method of Collaborative Assembly of Aircraft Based on Variable Topology
by Xinhui Zhang, Gaigai Chen, Ameng Xu, Tongwen Chen and Xiaoxiong Liu
Actuators 2026, 15(2), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/act15020071 - 23 Jan 2026
Viewed by 206
Abstract
This paper presents a two-layer consistency control framework for the collaborative assembly of multiple aircraft in complex environments, comprising a low-level control layer and a high-level guidance layer. The control layer develops a robust anti-interference law by integrating an extended state observer (ESO) [...] Read more.
This paper presents a two-layer consistency control framework for the collaborative assembly of multiple aircraft in complex environments, comprising a low-level control layer and a high-level guidance layer. The control layer develops a robust anti-interference law by integrating an extended state observer (ESO) with Backstepping for attitude control and employing constrained Backstepping for velocity regulation. The guidance layer ensures safe and coordinated assembly. A time-varying communication topology is adopted to guarantee collision-free maneuvers. An assembly trajectory is generated for each aircraft based on a position allocation strategy and the Dubins path planning method. To achieve time-coordinated arrival, a speed consensus protocol is designed, guiding the aircraft into a sparse formation. Subsequently, consensus-based control laws for both attitude and velocity are implemented to transition into a tight formation. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is validated through aircraft six-degree-of-freedom (6-DoF) simulations, which confirm that it significantly improves the safety and robustness of the multi-aircraft assembly process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Modeling, and Control of UAV Systems)
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19 pages, 4917 KB  
Article
Target Tracking and Circumnavigation Control for Multi-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Systems Using Bearing Measurements
by Zican Zhou, Jiangping Hu, Bo Chen, Xixi Shen and Bin Meng
Actuators 2024, 13(9), 323; https://doi.org/10.3390/act13090323 - 25 Aug 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2307
Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of target tracking and circumnavigation control for a bearing-only multi-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system. First, using the bearing measurements, an adaptive algorithm in the form of a Proportional Integral (PI) controller is developed to estimate the target state. [...] Read more.
This paper addresses the problem of target tracking and circumnavigation control for a bearing-only multi-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system. First, using the bearing measurements, an adaptive algorithm in the form of a Proportional Integral (PI) controller is developed to estimate the target state. Subsequently, a distributed circumnavigation control protocol is established to evenly encircle the target. Then, we use the local information from each UAV in the network to calculate the relative position of the target, and further enhance the accuracy of estimation and circumnavigation algorithms by employing a Kalman filter. Finally, numerical simulation experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed tracking control algorithm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Modeling, and Control of UAV Systems)
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