Evolution of Environmental Adaptation in Plants

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Breeding and Genetics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 1971

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Guest Editor
College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Interests: evolution of abiotic stress resistance; plant metabolic diversity
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plants live in diverse environments that are often unsuitable or stressful for their growth. Abiotic stresses, such as extreme climatic (e.g., heat, drought, flood, etc.) and adverse soil conditions (salinity, soil acidification, nutrient deficiency, etc.), pose severe constraints on crop growth and yield formation. As sessile organisms, plants are incapable of moving freely when exposed to various abiotic stresses. Hence, they deal with adverse environments via a series of physiological, cellular, and molecular responses. A vast number of studies have been carried out to investigate the stress tolerance/resistance mechanisms in a single or a small number of plant species. However, questions arise regarding when and how plants evolve adaptive mechanisms in response to environmental stresses. This Special Issue entitled “Evolution of Environmental Adaptation in Plants” will cover but not be limited to the following topics:

  1. Identification of genes, proteins, and metabolites participating in environmental adaptation;
  2. Unraveling the evolutionary mechanisms of stress tolerance/resistance in land plants and algae;
  3. Characterization of elite genes resources in wild relatives, and utilization of elite genes in crop improvement.

Dr. Shengguan Cai
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • abiotic stress
  • adaptive mechanism
  • evolution
  • gene function
  • tolerance/resistance mechanism

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 3180 KiB  
Article
Low Temperature Rather Than Nitrogen Application Mainly Modulates the Floral Initiation of Different Ecotypes of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
by Tao Luo, Rongmei Lin, Tai Cheng and Liyong Hu
Agronomy 2022, 12(7), 1624; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071624 - 6 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1643
Abstract
Rapeseed has formed three ecological types, namely winter, semi-winter, and spring during the long domestication process. Different ecotypes have different low-temperature requirements for floral initiation. Rapeseed growth has a large demand for nitrogen, and the amount of nitrogen application significantly impacts the number [...] Read more.
Rapeseed has formed three ecological types, namely winter, semi-winter, and spring during the long domestication process. Different ecotypes have different low-temperature requirements for floral initiation. Rapeseed growth has a large demand for nitrogen, and the amount of nitrogen application significantly impacts the number of flowering. Meanwhile, the time of floral imitation determined the quantity of floral bud, the final number of pods, and yield of rapeseed. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the regulation of temperature and nitrogen on floral initiation. This experiment selected representative semi-winter and spring rapeseed varieties to study the leaf’s soluble sugar and protein concentration under different nitrogen supplies and the transcriptome reactions to vernalization for spring and semi-winter varieties rapeseed in transition to floral initiation. The results showed that the soluble sugar content and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio changed due to the different growth processes and nitrogen application rates. The increase of the sugar content to a peak could be regarded as the signal to start floral initiation. Reducing the nitrogen application rate increased the peak of sugar content, but the effect on the appearance time of the peak was not obvious. Under normal (20–25 °C) and low temperatures (10–15 °C), the floral initiation time of spring variety “1358” showed no difference, nor did expression of hub gene SOC1, which is involved in the flowering regulation network. The semi-winter variety “Zhongshuang No. 11” did not commence floral initiation under normal temperature because of the lacking of vernalization requirement. Low temperature promoted the floral initiation of semi-winter variety mainly through the FLC, SOC1, and LFY signaling pathways, and the gibberellin also played a positive factor in this process. In essence, the present study provides valuable information on the gene expression differences of vernalization-driven floral transition for spring and semi-winter ecotypes of rapeseed when the photoperiod is not an unlimited factor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolution of Environmental Adaptation in Plants)
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