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Agronomy
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Roles of Glycine Betaine in Improving Plant Abiotic Stress Resistance
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Roles of Glycine Betaine in Improving Plant Abiotic Stress Resistance

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Breeding and Genetics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2019) | Viewed by 15450

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Takabe Teruhiro

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Guest Editor
Research Institute, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
Interests: salt stress; osmoprotectant; glycinebetaine; halophyte, halotorelant cyanobacteria
Dr. Suriyan Cha-um

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Guest Editor
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 12120 Pathum Thani, Thailand
Interests: abiotic stress; salt stress; water use efficiency; photosynthetic pigment
Dr. Vandna Rai

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Guest Editor
National Research Center on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
Interests: rice; pigeopnpea; salt stress tolerance; allele mining; QTL mapping; transcriptional analysis; post transcriptional regulation

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

 

Glycine betaine (GB) is an important osmolyte that accumulates in some plant species in response to environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, cold and heavy metals. GB is synthesized from choline via two step oxidation reactions catalyzed by choline monooxygenases (CMOs) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (BADH). While many studies have indicated a positive relationship between accumulation of GB and plant stress tolerance, some have argued on the role of GB as an adaptive response to stress. As many plant species are betaine non-accumulator, attempt to increase GB levels in betaine-non-accumulating plants are interesting subjects. The extensive research has been conducted to introduce the GB synthetic genes into the betaine non-accumulating plants. Genetically-engineered plants so far have faced with the limitation of being unable to produce sufficient amounts of GB. Further efforts are required to increase the GB contents in transgenic plants. By contrast, exogenous application of GB to plants under stress conditions, improved stress tolerance and gained some attention. Further application using the important plants both in laboratory and field are required, from which better understanding of the mechanisms of action of GB and their effective utilization in crop production in stress environments are expected. Recent studies showed the importance of choline precursor supply for the accumulation of GB. The transporters and localization of GB are poorly understood. The regulation of GB synthesis remains to be clarified. This is due to the difficulty of transformation system in GB accumulating plants. Application of new technique such as CRISPR/Cas9 based genome editing tools would be expected. This Special Issue aims to include key breakthrough in any of these areas. The outputs of studies in either laboratory or field environments are welcome.

Prof. Dr. TAKABE Teruhiro
Dr. Suriyan Cha-um
Dr. Vandna Rai
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • abiotic stress
  • extreme temperature stress
  • compatible solute
  • drought stress
  • glycine betaine
  • osmoprotectant
  • oxidative stress
  • photosynthetic pigment
  • halophyte
  • salt stress
  • water use efficiency

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2416 KiB  
Article
Glycinebetaine Enhances Osmotic Adjustment of Ryegrass under Cold Temperatures
by Michael V. Mickelbart and Barbara Boine
Agronomy 2020, 10(2), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020210 - 2 Feb 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2980
Abstract
Perennial (Lolium perenne L.) and annual (L. multiflorum) ryegrass are important species for landscape (e.g., turf) and agricultural (e.g., pasture systems) uses. Abiotic stresses limit the survival, growth, and/or appearance of these species. The synthesis and accumulation of quaternary ammonium [...] Read more.
Perennial (Lolium perenne L.) and annual (L. multiflorum) ryegrass are important species for landscape (e.g., turf) and agricultural (e.g., pasture systems) uses. Abiotic stresses limit the survival, growth, and/or appearance of these species. The synthesis and accumulation of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) such as glycinebetaine (GB) are an adaptive response to abiotic environmental stresses in some species. Both L. perenne and L. multiflorum are GB-accumulating species, and exogenous application of GB may enhance growth under less-than-optimal environmental conditions. We tested the effects of exogenous application of GB on growth and water relations of annual and perennial ryegrass growing under temperatures at the lower limits of their optimal growth. Osmotic stress resulted in increased GB accumulation in L. perenne, but exposure to cold temperatures did not result in increased GB accumulation in either species. Both species accumulated higher concentrations of GB in leaf and stem tissues when exogenous GB was supplied, regardless of growing temperature. Exogenous GB did contribute to lower osmotic potential in both species, but did not affect relative water content, although succulence was higher in some cases. Overall, exogenous GB did not affect growth under optimal growing temperatures, but did enhance growth of L. perenne growing under low temperatures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Roles of Glycine Betaine in Improving Plant Abiotic Stress Resistance)
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17 pages, 1441 KiB  
Article
Effects of Exogenous Application of Osmotic Adjustment Substances on Growth, Pigment Concentration, and Physiological Parameters of Dracaena sanderiana Sander under Different Levels of Salinity
by Pedro García-Caparrós, Alfonso Llanderal, Elodie Hegarat, María Jiménez-Lao and María Teresa Lao
Agronomy 2020, 10(1), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010125 - 15 Jan 2020
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4974
Abstract
We evaluated two osmotic adjustment substances (glycine betaine (GB) and glycine (G) and a combination of both glycine + glycine betaine (G + GB) using two modes of application; irrigation and foliar sprays with Dracaena sanderiana plants. The plants were grown in containers [...] Read more.
We evaluated two osmotic adjustment substances (glycine betaine (GB) and glycine (G) and a combination of both glycine + glycine betaine (G + GB) using two modes of application; irrigation and foliar sprays with Dracaena sanderiana plants. The plants were grown in containers and subjected to two levels of NaCl concentrations (2.0 and 7.5 dS m−1) over 8 weeks. Growth, pigment concentrations, and physiological parameters were assessed at the end of the trial. The foliar application of GB resulted in most optimal plant growth and biomass production in the presence of NaCl. The chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations showed different trends depending on the osmotic adjustment substance applied and the mode of application. Stomatal density and dimensions varied considerably with respect to the osmotic adjustment substance supplied. The concentration of soluble sugars in leaves did not show a clear trend under the different treatments assessed. The exogenous application of G resulted in the highest concentration of free proline and proteins in leaves. The antioxidant capacity in leaves increased with both osmotic adjustment substances, and both means of application, under low and high saline conditions. We concluded that the foliar application of GB can be recommended in order to achieve cost-effective growth of D. sanderiana under saline conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Roles of Glycine Betaine in Improving Plant Abiotic Stress Resistance)
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15 pages, 1510 KiB  
Article
Exogenous Foliar Application of Glycine Betaine to Alleviate Water Deficit Tolerance in Two Indica Rice Genotypes under Greenhouse Conditions
by Rujira Tisarum, Cattarin Theerawitaya, Thapanee Samphumphung, Teruhiro Takabe and Suriyan Cha-um
Agronomy 2019, 9(3), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9030138 - 18 Mar 2019
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 5117
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to enhance overall growth, yield attributes as well as physio-biochemical adaptive strategies by exogenous foliar application of glycine betaine (GlyBet) in two rice varieties against water deficit stress under greenhouse conditions. Rice crop cvs. RD43 (low amylose [...] Read more.
The aim of this investigation was to enhance overall growth, yield attributes as well as physio-biochemical adaptive strategies by exogenous foliar application of glycine betaine (GlyBet) in two rice varieties against water deficit stress under greenhouse conditions. Rice crop cvs. RD43 (low amylose content) and SPR1 (high amylose content) grown in clay pots containing garden soil until booting stage were chosen as the test plant material, sprayed by 0 (control) or 100 mM GlyBet and subsequently subjected to: MWD (mild water deficit by 8 d water withholding; 24.80% SWC; Soil water content) or SWD (severe water deficit by 14 d water withholding; 13.63% SWC) or WW (well-watered conditions or control). Free proline content in cv. RD43 was rapidly increased in relation to the degree of water deficit and suppressed by exogenous GlyBet, while free proline in cv. SPR1 was lower than cv. RD43. Overall growth performances and yield traits in both cultivars under MWD were maintained by exogenous application of GlyBet; however, these parameters declined under SWD even after the GlyBet application. Degradation of photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence in pretreated GlyBet plants under SWD were prevented, resulting in elevated net photosynthetic rate (Pn). Interestingly, Pn was very sensitive parameter that sharply declined under SWD in both RD43 and SPR1 genotypes. Positive relationships between physio-morphological and biochemical changes in rice genotypes were demonstrated with high correlation co-efficiency. Based on the key results, it is concluded that foliar GlyBet application may play an important role in drought-tolerant enhancement in rice crops. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Roles of Glycine Betaine in Improving Plant Abiotic Stress Resistance)
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