This review addresses the role of chemical communication in mammals, giving special attention to the vomeronasal system in pheromone-mediated interactions. The vomeronasal system influences many social and sexual behaviors, from reproduction to speci...
Clefts of the lip or palate (CLPs) are the most common craniofacial birth defect, with a worldwide incidence of ~1 in 700 live births. The objective of this study is to assess the characteristics of the nasopharyngeal airway in growing vs. non-growin...
Medical educators face many challenges instructing future medical students, specifically in the integration of learning technologies. To overcome these challenges, educators must implement learner-centered and interactive teaching strategies. Anatomi...
Veins of the lower extremity can be categorized into three hierarchically ordered groups: the epifascial, the interfascial, and the deep ones. In the past, the interfascial veins, e.g., the great saphenous vein, were categorized as superficial veins....
Anatomy education has long served as a cornerstone of medical training, equipping healthcare professionals with the foundational knowledge necessary for clinical practice. However, the discipline has undergone significant transformations in response...
Femoral shaft fractures (FSFs) are common orthopedic injuries, often resulting from high-energy trauma such as motor vehicle collisions, low-energy trauma, osteoporosis, or pathological conditions. They account for a significant portion of long bone...
Intraorbital and transorbital injuries are included in the group of head injuries with low frequency. In particular, such injuries rarely result in infectious processes in the brain parenchyma. This case presents a case where a 57-year-old man report...
A morphological study of the skeletal specimen of Canis lupus L. from an archeological dig of Agnano (Pisa) (Fauna Laboratory, Department of Archaeological Sciences, University of Pisa, Italy) that is chronologically placed in the Wurm period (last g...
The rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) is one of the most frequently used primate species in biomedical research. As a common animal model used to study human disease, the validation of the obtained research data depends on a solid understanding of rhesu...
The objective of this paper was to describe the anatomy of the stifle joint (Articulatio genus) of the pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus, Linnaeus, 1758) by dissection and imaging studies. Twenty-six pelvic limbs were used for gross dissection, and...
The omasum is the third compartment of the ruminant stomach, which is also considered a water absorption organ and participates in the absorption of volatile fatty acids (VFA), minerals, electrolytes, and fluids. The most important morphological para...
This article focuses on Jean Cruveilhier and particularly on his book Anatomie descriptive, which was a great success during the author’s lifetime. (Notwithstanding this, it is pertinent to point out that the five editions of Anatomie descripti...
Understanding prostate carcinogenesis is crucial not only for identifying new treatment targets but also for developing effective strategies to manage the asymptomatic form of the disease. There is a lack of consensus about predicting the indolent fo...
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) has been reported to involve structural alterations in some brain regions. However, it remains to be established whether there is also an impact on the size of the brain as a whole. Here, we compiled the largest C...
Anatomy is still considered the most ancient and basic discipline in the medical sciences [...]
Conventional anatomical models and cadaveric specimens can be time-consuming and resource intensive for any anatomical institute. In recent years, there has been a push for more flexible and varied approaches to teaching, including problem-based and...
Background: Fundamental knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the inner ear is necessary to understand otologic diseases and therapeutic strategies. Aim: Evaluate the inter- and intraindividual variability of the modiolar position in relation to...
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) commonly result from trauma, compression, or iatrogenic causes, leading to functional deficits. Despite the peripheral nervous system’s regenerative capacity, current treatments yield inconsistent outcomes. Basi...
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether preoperative MRI has an impact on surgical planning in breast cancer patients. Tumor extent and molecular breast cancer subtypes were evaluated. Methods: This was a single-center study includi...
Background: The dorsal scapular nerve (DSN) and the long thoracic nerve (LTN) exhibit variable anatomical pathways, which may contribute to upper back pain and impaired scapular movement in affected patients. This study investigates these variations...
During anatomical dissection of a female body donor at the Howard University College of Medicine, a rare renal anomaly was discovered. Detailed anatomical and histological analyses on this anomaly were compared to a normal kidney from another donor a...
Several terminologies exist for a vestigial muscle connecting the clavicle to the cervical vertebrae; however, “levator claviculae muscle” and “cleidocervical muscle” are commonly found in the contemporary literature. The term...
The rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) is a non-human primate with a genome that is 93.5% identical to that of humans. Both species, therefore, have numerous phenotypical similarities in common. Consequently, this non-human primate is regularly studied i...
Variations of the sciatic nerve and piriformis muscle (SN-PM) relationship must be considered when discussing orthopedic procedures within the region as they may cause increased risk of SN injuries. Thirty-one formalin-embalmed, prosected donors were...
Bone remodeling is essential for maintaining bone health. The imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption leads to bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Connexin43 (Cx43) is a gap junction molecule that plays an important role in bone homeosta...
Disuse osteoporosis occurs due to rest and reduced mechanical stimulation. Under these conditions, bone resorption exceeds bone formation, leading to a decrease in bone density. Vector potential (VP) generators have been developed, and their ability...
Background: Clinical-surgical procedures in the thoracic outlet can be challenging due to the proximity of neurovascular structures to the subclavian vein. Methods: During a routine anatomical dissection in an undergraduate medical study at Paracelsu...
Immersive virtual reality with the use of 3D holography is a new method that is being currently introduced for teaching anatomy, yet the actual educational benefits associated with its use remain unclear. Here, we present our preliminary observations...
The pioneer Swiss naturalist René-Édouard Claparède (1832–1871), professor at the University of Geneva, left important contributions to diverse areas of natural science, biology, and comparative anatomy, including the struc...
Tissue engineering is a powerful tool with which to systematically identify the determinants of biological functions. Applied to the design and fabrication of biomimetic brains, tissue engineering serves to disentangle the complex anatomy of neural c...
Background: Anatomical variations and, in particular, arterial variations constitute an important chapter in the learning of Clinical Anatomy. Purpose: The purpose of this report is to describe a rare bilateral anatomical variation in the internal th...
Tumor staging of prostate cancer is a fundamental principle in management and therapy, with a hallmark being tumor growth beyond the organ boundary. Often, this is referred to as “capsule penetration”, suggesting the existence of a true p...
The primary afferent system in the rat’s spinal cord starts to develop in the third last week of gestation. First, the pseudounipolar DRG neurons extend their centripetal long primary axons, targeting rostral supra-segmental nuclei in the spina...
This article delves into the life and accomplishments of Juan Valverde de Amusco (c. 1525–c. 1587), a Spanish anatomist. Specifically, it focuses on his book titled HISTORIA de la composición del cuerpo humano. The book was the first ana...
The ansa cervicalis (AC) is a neural loop within the carotid triangle of the anterior neck. The loop is traditionally formed by nerve roots C1–C3 of the cervical plexus and extends multiple motor branches. The current case was discovered during...
This study explores the anatomical relationship between iliac blood vessels and the lower lumbar spine during supine and prone patient positions. The average height of participants was 174.02 cm ± 9.01, while the average weight was 80.38 kg &p...
Odontogenic bone tumor (OT) is a rare pathology in the world, but it is very common in developing countries; its etiology is still unknown, and it causes serious deformities of the mandible and maxilla if it is not operated upon soon. Lassa virus (LA...
Scoliosis, characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, is predominantly idiopathic, underscoring the need to delve into its underlying causes for effective treatment and preventive strategies. This study investigates a potential corr...
The pancreas is a vital organ nestled deep within the abdomen, playing a crucial role in both endocrine and exocrine functions. It is elongated and tadpole-shaped, with a head, body, and tail. The intricate connections to adjacent structures through...
The fabella is a rare sesamoid bone found within the posterior aspect of the knee joint. Patients can suffer from fabella syndrome which is characterized as pain with extension of the knee, ultimately limiting motion and causing a clicking or catchin...
Forearm extensor muscle variations can be diverse and, in some instances, rare. During a routine anatomical dissection of human cadaveric donors during the 2021 first-year medical gross anatomy course and 2021 graduate nursing advanced anatomy course...
While relatively uncommon, a duplication of the inferior vena cava is moderately well-discussed in the literature. This anatomical variation was noted in a 69-year-old white female donor. This variation is typically asymptomatic; however, it can be a...
Background/Objectives: The hypoglossal nerve plays a crucial role in cervical surgery, requiring precise anatomical knowledge to prevent iatrogenic injury. This study examined its position relative to key structures using cadaveric dissections and as...
Background: The brachial plexus is a network of nerves responsible for the motor and sensory innervation of the upper limb. Variations in the formation and course of the brachial plexus are well documented, though combinations of multiple unilateral...
Background: The alignment of a person’s body segments depends on their innate anatomy and neuromuscular status. Sagittal posture assessments provide valuable information on correctable deficits, which can be used to prevent possible health issu...
Background: Lower phylogenetic species are known to rebuild cut-off caudal parts with regeneration of the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast, CNS regeneration in higher vertebrates is often attributed to immaturity, although this has never bee...
Background/Objectives: This study explores the ocular anatomy and glandular components of domestic dogs compared to their ancestor, the wolf, with the aim of identifying evolutionary changes due to domestication and their implications for ocular path...
Background: Endovascular treatment of venous disease is introducing new therapeutic options in neuroradiology. These procedures are technically challenging and require extensive physician training. Currently, training is mainly conducted on animal mo...
Introduction: Rabies remains a significant global threat, yet accurate estimations of its impact are hindered by the lack of confirmatory diagnoses. Postmortem diagnosis of rabies traditionally involves invasive brain tissue testing, a process met wi...
Pelvic organ prolapse impacts an increasing number of women in the United States. The standard approach to correcting apical pelvic organ prolapse uses the sacral anterior longitudinal ligament (SALL) to lift the vaginal apex; however, this approach...
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