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Biomarkers in Veterinary Medicine as Essential Supporting Aid in the...
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Biomarkers in Veterinary Medicine as Essential Supporting Aid in the Diagnostic Workup

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Clinical Studies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 December 2022) | Viewed by 8576

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mara Bagardi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via dell’Università n. 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
Interests: myxomatous mitral valve disease in Cavalier King Charles spaniels (echocardiography, genetic, and cardiac early biomarkers); feline cardiomyopathies; echocardiography
Prof. Dr. Paola G. Brambilla

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via dell’ Università n. 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
Interests: clinical epidemiology of congenital heart diseases in dogs; myxomatous mitral valve disease in Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (clinical, genetic, and novel cardiac biomarkers)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In veterinary medicine, biomarkers have been used extensively to evaluate health status, diagnose and/or provide a prognosis of disease, predict and/or monitor response to therapy, and assess organ toxicity or failure. Due to the great expansion of available technology, the number and type of biomarkers reported in the literature and available for clinical and nonclinical use have increased greatly. One of the most interesting aspects is that the biomarkers are potentially useful in the prevention of the diseases because, in many cases, they are irreplaceable aid to early diagnosis of lethal pathologies. A biomarker can be described as “a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention” and also as “a characteristic or variable that reflects how a patient feels, functions, or survives”. Biomarkers should be obtained, whenever possible, from easily accessible, preferably noninvasive, or minimally invasive body fluids such as blood plasma, urine, milk, sweat, or saliva, or other materials, namely, hair and feces. This explains clearly why biomarkers have gained scientific popularity and clinical interest as well as a wide application in the diagnostic workup. Moreover, combining the information from several biomarkers, the risk prediction scores can be arranged to estimate an individual’s risk of developing an outcome, such as disease or death. In veterinary medicine, oncology is one of the most important fields of biomarker’s diagnostic application, allowing the early detection of tumours, improving outcomes for cancer patients, and monitoring the patient’s disease status during and after treatment. Furthermore, biomarkers are commonly used in the diagnostic workup of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases as part of the clinic routine evaluation in animals patients.

The study of biomarkers represents one of the most successful advanced research fields in the diagnostic and prognostic protocols for different pathologies in many species. In veterinary medicine, recently, the addition of biomarkers in the diagnostic work-up, identified using emerging technologies from the “omics” fields (including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipomics, ribomics, and pharmacogenomics), allow the “personalization” of treatment and/or the disease prevention.

The aim of the present Special Issue is to gather the most recent advances on the specific uses of biomarkers in domestic animals (dogs, cats, horses, sheep, goats, cows, pigs, and unconventional pets), including risk assessment, diagnosis of disease, prognosis, monitoring of treatment response, and detection of relapse. Any contribution is very welcome (research papers, literature reviews, and case reports).

Dr. Mara Bagardi
Prof. Dr. Paola G. Brambilla
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dogs
  • cats
  • horses
  • sheep
  • goats
  • cows
  • pigs
  • unconventional pets
  • biomarkers
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • neoplastic diseases
  • metabolic disorders

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 293 KiB  
Article
Preliminary Data on Echocardiographic Evaluation and Serum Taurine Concentration in Healthy Dogs of Two Breeds (10 Golden Retrievers and 12 German Shorthaired Pointers) with Different Predispositions to Nutritional Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Pilot Study
by Mara Bagardi, Sara Ghilardi, Iris Castellazzi, Eleonora Fusi, Michele Polli, Giulietta Minozzi, Stefano Faverzani, Caterina Mirabelli and Paola G. Brambilla
Animals 2022, 12(21), 2924; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12212924 - 25 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2167
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common myocardial disorder in dogs, and it is primarily considered to be an inherited or genetic disease with a higher prevalence in specific breeds such as Doberman Pinschers and Great Danes. Recently, several publications have reported concerns [...] Read more.
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common myocardial disorder in dogs, and it is primarily considered to be an inherited or genetic disease with a higher prevalence in specific breeds such as Doberman Pinschers and Great Danes. Recently, several publications have reported concerns about cases of DCM in unusual breeds (Golden Retrievers—GRs) and associated them with specific diets (grain-free, high in pulses or potatoes, or low in taurine and amino acid precursors). Because taurine is involved in the digestion and absorption of fat and liposoluble vitamins, including vitamin D, the aims of this pilot study were: (1) to compare serum taurine and serum vitamin D (both implicated in cardiac function and absorbed from food) between healthy GRs and German Shorthaired Pointers (GSPs), breeds with different predispositions to nutritional DCM; (2) to highlight the differences between the echocardiographic variables in the two breeds; and (3) to evaluate the associations between the serum taurine and vitamin D concentrations and the echocardiographic features. Ten Golden Retrievers and twelve German Shorthaired Pointers were enrolled for complete hematobiochemical analyses, cardiac examinations, and serum taurine and vitamin D evaluations. The serum taurine concentrations were significantly lower in the GR dogs than in GSPs. All GRs were clinically healthy, but some echocardiographic variables, such as the sphericity index (related to left ventricle dilatation) as well as the end-systolic volume index and fractional shortening (both related to left ventricle systolic function), were different from the published reference ranges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers in Veterinary Medicine as Essential Supporting Aid in the Diagnostic Workup)
16 pages, 733 KiB  
Article
Prediction of Liver Triglyceride Content in Early Lactation Multiparous Holstein Cows Using Blood Metabolite, Mineral, and Protein Biomarker Concentrations
by Ryan S. Pralle, Henry T. Holdorf, Rafael Caputo Oliveira, Claira R. Seely, Sophia J. Kendall and Heather M. White
Animals 2022, 12(19), 2556; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192556 - 24 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1793
Abstract
Bovine fatty liver syndrome (bFLS) is difficult to diagnose because a liver tissue biopsy is required to assess liver triglyceride (TG) content. We hypothesized that a blood biomarker panel could be a convenient alternative method of liver TG content assessment and bFLS diagnosis. [...] Read more.
Bovine fatty liver syndrome (bFLS) is difficult to diagnose because a liver tissue biopsy is required to assess liver triglyceride (TG) content. We hypothesized that a blood biomarker panel could be a convenient alternative method of liver TG content assessment and bFLS diagnosis. Our objectives were to predict liver TG using blood biomarker concentrations across days in milk (DIM; longitudinal, LT) or at a single timepoint (ST; 3, 7, or 14 DIM), as well as different biomarker combination based on their perceived accessibility. Data from two separate experiments (n = 65 cows) was used for model training and validation. Response variables were based on the maximum liver TG observed in 1 and 14 DIM liver biopsies: Max TG (continuous), Low TG (TG > 13.3% dry matter; DM), Median TG (TG > 17.1% DM), and High TG (TG > 22.0% DM). Model performance varied but High TG was well predicted by sparse partial least squares—discriminate analysis models using LT and ST data, achieving balanced error rates ≤ 15.4% for several model variations during cross-validation. In conclusion, blood biomarker panels using 7 DIM, 14 DIM, or LT data may be a useful diagnostic tool for bFLS in research and field settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers in Veterinary Medicine as Essential Supporting Aid in the Diagnostic Workup)
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Review

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33 pages, 828 KiB  
Review
The Future of Biomarkers in Veterinary Medicine: Emerging Approaches and Associated Challenges
by Tharangani R.W Perera, David A. Skerrett-Byrne, Zamira Gibb, Brett Nixon and Aleona Swegen
Animals 2022, 12(17), 2194; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12172194 - 26 Aug 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3810
Abstract
New biomarkers promise to transform veterinary practice through rapid diagnosis of diseases, effective monitoring of animal health and improved welfare and production efficiency. However, the road from biomarker discovery to translation is not always straightforward. This review focuses on molecular biomarkers under development [...] Read more.
New biomarkers promise to transform veterinary practice through rapid diagnosis of diseases, effective monitoring of animal health and improved welfare and production efficiency. However, the road from biomarker discovery to translation is not always straightforward. This review focuses on molecular biomarkers under development in the veterinary field, introduces the emerging technological approaches transforming this space and the role of ‘omics platforms in novel biomarker discovery. The vast majority of veterinary biomarkers are at preliminary stages of development and not yet ready to be deployed into clinical translation. Hence, we examine the major challenges encountered in the process of biomarker development from discovery, through validation and translation to clinical practice, including the hurdles specific to veterinary practice and to each of the ‘omics platforms–transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics. Finally, recommendations are made for the planning and execution of biomarker studies with a view to assisting the success of novel biomarkers in reaching their full potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers in Veterinary Medicine as Essential Supporting Aid in the Diagnostic Workup)
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