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Animals
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Horse Surgery
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Horse Surgery

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Equids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 January 2022) | Viewed by 33444

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Alessandro Spadari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
Interests: videosurgery; equine surgery; equine colic; animal models

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Horse surgery has been increasingly enhanced in terms of quality in recent years, both in field and hospital settings.

Advanced techniques described in peer-reviewed literature both for soft and hard tissues have improved outcomes for survival or for athletic prognosis. 

It is important for the equine surgeon community to share knowledge as much, to spread the most efficient innovative operative solutions for horses.

With this initiative, our goal is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research in as much detail as possible.

The purpose of this Special Issue is therefore to present high-quality documents related to advancement in horse surgery, including every apparatus. Research articles and original reviews will be accepted for this Special Issue. Topics could include case selection, prognosis assessment, peri- and intraoperative treatments, procedures to improve outcomes, advanced or innovative surgical techniques, original surgical instrumentation, postoperative assistance, and complication management.

Prof. Dr. Alessandro Spadari
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • horse
  • equine
  • surgery
  • orthopaedic
  • colic surgery
  • fracture
  • osteoarthrosis

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1208 KiB  
Article
A Descriptive Study of the Clinical Presentation, Management, and Outcome of Horses with Acute Soft Tissue Trauma of the Tarsus and the Association with Synovial Involvement
by Taja Vajs, Omid Nekouei and Nora M. Biermann
Animals 2022, 12(4), 524; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12040524 - 21 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4578
Abstract
The tarsus is one of the most common areas of traumatic injury with associated synovial involvement (SI) in horses. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, management (emphasizing the type, duration, and route of antimicrobial administration), [...] Read more.
The tarsus is one of the most common areas of traumatic injury with associated synovial involvement (SI) in horses. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, management (emphasizing the type, duration, and route of antimicrobial administration), and outcome of cases with acute soft tissue trauma to the tarsal region. The presenting clinical features, the results of diagnostic modalities, and the initial response to therapy were assessed for their usefulness to predict SI. Medical records of 72 cases were included and SI was diagnosed in 34 cases (47.2%). Increased synovial effusion, lameness on admission (OR = 4.1; 95%CI 1.0–16.4), persistent lameness (OR = 5.7; 95%CI 1.8–17.9), increased blood SAA values (≥200 mg/L) from initial to second measurement (OR = 4.3; 95%CI 1.2–15.5), and wound location on the plantar/plantarolateral/plantaromedial compared to the lateral aspect of the tarsus (OR = 7.0; 95%CI 1.6–30.9) were associated with SI. Radiographs, ultrasonography, and the use of pressure testing when a wound was present proved to be useful in correctly diagnosing SI. The median duration of systemic antimicrobial administration was 8 (IQR: 5 to 9) days and most horses received local antimicrobial therapy. This study highlights several relevant clinical features and their association with SI and emphasizes the usefulness of local antimicrobial therapy in these cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Horse Surgery)
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Review

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19 pages, 3090 KiB  
Review
Causes, Effects and Methods of Monitoring Gas Exchange Disturbances during Equine General Anaesthesia
by Elżbieta Stefanik, Olga Drewnowska, Barbara Lisowska and Bernard Turek
Animals 2021, 11(7), 2049; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11072049 - 9 Jul 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6344
Abstract
Horses, due to their unique anatomy and physiology, are particularly prone to intraoperative cardiopulmonary disorders. In dorsally recumbent horses, chest wall movement is restricted and the lungs are compressed by the abdominal organs, leading to the collapse of the alveoli. This results in [...] Read more.
Horses, due to their unique anatomy and physiology, are particularly prone to intraoperative cardiopulmonary disorders. In dorsally recumbent horses, chest wall movement is restricted and the lungs are compressed by the abdominal organs, leading to the collapse of the alveoli. This results in hypoventilation, leading to hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis as well as impaired tissue oxygen supply (hypoxia). The most common mechanisms disturbing gas exchange are hypoventilation, atelectasis, ventilation–perfusion (V/Q) mismatch and shunt. Gas exchange disturbances are considered to be an important factor contributing to the high anaesthetic mortality rate and numerous post-anaesthetic side effects. Current monitoring methods, such as a pulse oximetry, capnography, arterial blood gas measurements and spirometry, may not be sufficient by themselves, and only in combination with each other can they provide extensive information about the condition of the patient. A new, promising, complementary method is near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The purpose of this article is to review the negative effect of general anaesthesia on the gas exchange in horses and describe the post-operative complications resulting from it. Understanding the changes that occur during general anaesthesia and the factors that affect them, as well as improving gas monitoring techniques, can improve the post-aesthetic survival rate and minimize post-operative complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Horse Surgery)
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18 pages, 3511 KiB  
Review
The Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Treatment of Tenodesmic Lesions in Horses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Experimental Data
by Chiara Montano, Luigi Auletta, Adelaide Greco, Dario Costanza, Pierpaolo Coluccia, Chiara Del Prete, Leonardo Meomartino and Maria Pia Pasolini
Animals 2021, 11(3), 793; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030793 - 12 Mar 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2896
Abstract
The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to enhance tenodesmic lesion healing has been questioned over the years. The aim of this study was to evaluate current literature to establish the effectiveness of PRP for treating tenodesmic lesions through a systematic review, in accordance [...] Read more.
The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to enhance tenodesmic lesion healing has been questioned over the years. The aim of this study was to evaluate current literature to establish the effectiveness of PRP for treating tenodesmic lesions through a systematic review, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and a meta-analysis. Studies comparing PRP with placebo or other treatments for horses with tenodesmic injuries or evaluated PRP effect on tendon and ligament explants were included. Outcomes were clinical, ultrasound, histologic, molecular evaluation, and adverse effects. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed each study’s risk of bias. Treatment effects were evaluated using risk ratios for dichotomous data, together with 95% CI. Data were pooled using the random-effects model. The quality of the evidence for each outcome was assessed using GRADE criteria. Twenty-four trials met inclusion criteria for systematic review, while fifteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Results showed no significant differences in the outcomes between PRP and control groups. Finally, there is no definitive evidence that PRP enhances tendons and ligaments healing. Therefore, there is a need for more controlled trials to draw a firmer conclusion about the efficacy of PRP as a treatment for tenodesmic lesions in the horse. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Horse Surgery)
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Other

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14 pages, 9560 KiB  
Case Report
Segmental Posthetomy in a Four Stallions Case Series
by Adriana Palozzo, Gianluca Celani, Giulia Guerri, Paola Straticò, Vincenzo Varasano and Lucio Petrizzi
Animals 2021, 11(4), 1145; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041145 - 16 Apr 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 7114
Abstract
Segmental posthetomy, also referred to as circumcision, reefing or posthioplasty, consists of removing a circumferential segment of the internal preputial lamina (internal preputial fold) followed by end-to-end anastomosis of skin edges. The purpose of this case series is to describe the successful outcome [...] Read more.
Segmental posthetomy, also referred to as circumcision, reefing or posthioplasty, consists of removing a circumferential segment of the internal preputial lamina (internal preputial fold) followed by end-to-end anastomosis of skin edges. The purpose of this case series is to describe the successful outcome of segmental posthetomy for treating different diseases involving the internal or/and external preputial fold, while restoring the normal telescopic function. In this paper, we report the first case of complete degloving injury of the equine penis in the literature (case 1) and describe three different common lesions of the equine prepuce/penis (preputial scar tissue in case 2, preputial sarcoid in case 3 and penile/preputial wound in case 4). The amount of prepuce (safe minimums) that can be removed from a stallion without disrupting the proper telescopic function of the internal/external preputial fold and normal copulatory ability, has not been established. In this case series, all Equidae stallions maintained the telescopic function after preputial surgical resection. However, the surgeon must carefully evaluate every single case, especially when performing the Adam’s procedure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Horse Surgery)
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10 pages, 1222 KiB  
Case Report
Modified Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthrodesis in a Yearling Filly with an Osseous Cyst-Like Lesion in the Proximal Phalanx
by Filip Kol’vek, Lenka Krešáková, Katarína Vdoviaková, Ľubomír Medvecký and Zdeněk Žert
Animals 2021, 11(4), 948; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11040948 - 28 Mar 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2900
Abstract
After the medial femoral condyle (MFC), the phalanges are the second most common site for osseous cyst-like lesions (OCLLs). Conservative treatment of phalangeal cysts on the convex surface of proximal phalanx presents a technical problem with access to the stoma of the cyst. [...] Read more.
After the medial femoral condyle (MFC), the phalanges are the second most common site for osseous cyst-like lesions (OCLLs). Conservative treatment of phalangeal cysts on the convex surface of proximal phalanx presents a technical problem with access to the stoma of the cyst. Surgical therapy options usually aim to avoid cyst enlargement through drilling or screw placement or to encourage lesion filling with osteoconductive material. This paper describes a case of treatment of the OCLL in a yearling Czech warmblood filly with surgical arthrodesis, together with the packing of the OCLL with calcium phosphate biocement (CPB). The filly showed a chronic, moderate to severe, intermittent left hindlimb lameness. Dynamic examination combined with regional anesthesia and radiography confirmed a clinically significant large OCLL on the distal joint surface of the first phalanx. Treatment of the OCLL was performed by surgical arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint, using two paraxial and one axial crossed lag screw, after curetting of the cyst and filling with CPB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Horse Surgery)
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9 pages, 1480 KiB  
Case Report
Incomplete Ileocecal Bypass for Ileal Pathology in Horses: 21 Cases (2012–2019)
by Gessica Giusto, Anna Cerullo, Federico Labate and Marco Gandini
Animals 2021, 11(2), 403; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020403 - 5 Feb 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3506
Abstract
Background: Incomplete ileocecal bypass can be performed in cases in which an ileal disfunction is suspected but resection of the diseased ileum is not necessary. Objectives: To describe the clinical findings, the surgical technique, and the outcome of 21 cases of colic with [...] Read more.
Background: Incomplete ileocecal bypass can be performed in cases in which an ileal disfunction is suspected but resection of the diseased ileum is not necessary. Objectives: To describe the clinical findings, the surgical technique, and the outcome of 21 cases of colic with ileal pathologies that underwent an incomplete ileocecal bypass. Methods: Historical, clinical, and surgical features of cases diagnosed with pathologies involving the ileum or the ileocecal valve that underwent ileocecal anastomosis without ileal resection were retrieved. Clinical (heart rate, duration of symptoms, presence of reflux, age, weight at arrival) and surgical (surgical pathology, duration of surgery, type of anastomosis) data were retrieved and analysed. Data on short term survival and postoperative complications (colic, post-operative reflux, incisional infection, fever), length of hospital stay, and long term follow up were also obtained. Results: A total of 21 horses met the criteria; 13 horses had ileal impaction (one with muscular hypertrophy), 5 horses had epiploic foramen entrapment, and 3 horses had a pedunculated lipoma. An incomplete ileocecal bypass was performed with a two-layer hand-sewn side-to-side technique in 19 cases and with a stapled side-to-side technique in 2 cases. Short term survival was 95.2%. At 12-months follow up, all horses but two were alive, and 13 of the 14 sport horses returned to their previous level of activity. Long term survival was 90.47%. Conclusions Incomplete ileocecal bypass may represent a valid surgical technique in case of ileocecal valve disfunction when ileum resection is not necessary; this technique may represent an alternative to extensive manipulation without subsequent recurrence of ileal impaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Horse Surgery)
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11 pages, 3977 KiB  
Case Report
Ossifying Fibroma in the Nasal Cavity of a 2-Year-Old Horse
by Bernard Turek, Kamil Górski, Olga Drewnowska, Roma Buczkowska, Natalia Kozłowska and Rafał Sapierzyński
Animals 2021, 11(2), 317; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020317 - 27 Jan 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4229
Abstract
A 2-year-old mare of an unknown breed was referred to the clinic due to undetermined breathing difficulties. Physical examination revealed painless swelling rostral to the nasoincisive notch and a large, firm mass protruding from the left nostril. Radiographic examination of the head revealed [...] Read more.
A 2-year-old mare of an unknown breed was referred to the clinic due to undetermined breathing difficulties. Physical examination revealed painless swelling rostral to the nasoincisive notch and a large, firm mass protruding from the left nostril. Radiographic examination of the head revealed a mass occupying the left nasal cavity and a displaced and hypoplastic last premolar of the left maxilla. The CT scan showed a well-demarcated heterogeneous mass measuring 22 × 9 × 5 cm (length × height × width) in the left nasal cavity attached to the roots of the displaced tooth and conchae. The surgery was performed on the standing horse. Firstly, due to the oblique position of the displaced tooth, the extraction was performed extra-orally through the trephination and repulsion of the maxillary bone. In the next step, a direct surgical approach was chosen for the caudal part of the mass via the osteotomy of the left nasal bone. The mass was bluntly separated from the conchae and removed through the nostril using Fergusson forceps. The histopathological characteristics of the mass led to the diagnosis of ossifying fibroma. The horse recovered completely in seven months, without recurrence after two years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Horse Surgery)
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