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Animals
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Emerging Infections in Wild Swine
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Emerging Infections in Wild Swine

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Pigs".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2021) | Viewed by 9348

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jose A. Barasona

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: wildlife disease; transmission dynamics; wildlife livestock interface; veterinary epidemiology; pathology; disease control
Dr. Pauline Nol

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Wildlife Veterinarian, Colorado Department of Parks and Wildlife, Colorado Department of Natural Resources, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Interests: wildlife health; wildlife disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During the last 15 years, wild swine/suid species have been widely identified as important reservoirs of several emerging and re-emerging pathogens that have become very relevant around the world, because they can constitute zoonoses and/or affect livestock production, wildlife management, and conservation. The biggest example is the current outbreak of African swine fever (ASF), which severely affects wild boar populations and domestic pigs in large areas of Eurasia. Wild boar play a key role in different epidemiological scenarios of ASF, where catastrophic concerns in countries with large pork industries have been raised. 

Concomitant with this, others of the most global and economically important diseases, classical swine fever (CSF), tuberculosis (TB), Aujeszky's disease (AD), foot and mouth disease (FMD), or hepatitis E, currently threaten the livestock industry and public health in many countries. These infections are largely due to the epidemiological role of wild swine species with regional or global distribution. This constitutes a new challenge for researchers and practicing veterinarians to understand pathogens driven by wild swine species, as well as their potential as shared infections with livestock and humans, with a view to surveillance, prevention, and management. This new scenario in animal health research could be enhanced by the application of new measures and field research at the core of the One Health concept.

This Special Issue will outline new findings on relevant pathogens driven by wild swine and their knowledge gaps. We invite authors to submit innovative research on this constantly growing field where veterinary science interacts with many related scientific fields, such as molecular biology, wildlife ecology, environmental microbiology, and human medicine, among others. In addition, new methods and interdisciplinary knowledge are required to control the spread of such devastating emerging pathogens and to reduce the incidence of the endemic pathogens in wild and domestic populations.

Dr. Jose A. Barasona
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Disease dynamics
  • Field epidemiology
  • Disease pathogenesis
  • Infectious diseases
  • Transmission pathways
  • Wild boar
  • Wildlife-domestic animal interface
  • Disease control and management
  • Host–pathogen interactions
  • Pathogen persistence
  • Vaccines
  • Biosecurity

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 289 KiB  
Article
Prevalence of Neospora caninum Exposure in Wild Pigs (Sus scrofa) from Oklahoma with Implications of Testing Method on Detection
by Katelyn M. Haydett, Steven T. Peper, Cynthia Reinoso Webb, Hannah S. Tiffin, Alexander N. Wilson-Fallon, Yava L. Jones-Hall, Stephen L. Webb and Steven M. Presley
Animals 2021, 11(9), 2487; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11092487 - 25 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2887
Abstract
Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite, reported as a leading cause of cattle abortions and reproductive failure worldwide, costing the cattle industry approximately $1.3 billion annually. With wild pig (Sus scrofa) populations estimated at over six million in the United States, [...] Read more.
Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite, reported as a leading cause of cattle abortions and reproductive failure worldwide, costing the cattle industry approximately $1.3 billion annually. With wild pig (Sus scrofa) populations estimated at over six million in the United States, contact between wild pigs and livestock is inevitable, mainly because of the widespread geographic co-occurrence of the two species. As a known reservoir for numerous fungal, bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases, wild pigs are of particular importance for human and veterinary health relative to the prevention of infectious diseases. The seroprevalence of N. caninum in wild pig populations was previously documented in the United States, raising the question as to their exposure point of prevalence. This research screened 116 individual wild pigs for N. caninum using a variety of available assays. Using two different commercially available ELISA test kits, seroprevalence ranged from 12.5% to 67.8%. The Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test resulted in our highest percent seroprevalence for these samples, at 84.1%. However, none of our samples showed any presence of N. caninum or associated pathologies via histological evaluation of representative tissues. Importantly, the assays used in this study were not congruent with all duplicate samples or between the test types used. The implications of these non-congruent results demonstrates that currently available testing assays produce variable results, underscoring the need for more reliable testing kits and a standardized methodology when assessing disease prevalence in wildlife, particularly for N. caninum in wild pigs, which impacts prevalence and comparability across studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Infections in Wild Swine)
12 pages, 833 KiB  
Article
Computer Vision Applied to Detect Lethargy through Animal Motion Monitoring: A Trial on African Swine Fever in Wild Boar
by Eduardo Fernández-Carrión, Jose Ángel Barasona, Ángel Sánchez, Cristina Jurado, Estefanía Cadenas-Fernández and José Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaíno
Animals 2020, 10(12), 2241; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122241 - 29 Nov 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3200
Abstract
Early detection of infectious diseases is the most cost-effective strategy in disease surveillance for reducing the risk of outbreaks. Latest deep learning and computer vision improvements are powerful tools that potentially open up a new field of research in epidemiology and disease control. [...] Read more.
Early detection of infectious diseases is the most cost-effective strategy in disease surveillance for reducing the risk of outbreaks. Latest deep learning and computer vision improvements are powerful tools that potentially open up a new field of research in epidemiology and disease control. These techniques were used here to develop an algorithm aimed to track and compute animal motion in real time. This algorithm was used in experimental trials in order to assess African swine fever (ASF) infection course in Eurasian wild boar. Overall, the outcomes showed negative correlation between motion reduction and fever caused by ASF infection. In addition, infected animals computed significant lower movements compared to uninfected animals. The obtained results suggest that a motion monitoring system based on artificial vision may be used in indoors to trigger suspicions of fever. It would help farmers and animal health services to detect early clinical signs compatible with infectious diseases. This technology shows a promising non-intrusive, economic and real time solution in the livestock industry with especial interest in ASF, considering the current concern in the world pig industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Infections in Wild Swine)
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11 pages, 1993 KiB  
Article
Testing Different Deterrents as Candidates for Short-Term Reduction in Wild Boar Contacts—A Pilot Study
by Nicolai Denzin, Frithjof Helmstädt, Carolina Probst and Franz J. Conraths
Animals 2020, 10(11), 2156; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10112156 - 19 Nov 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2381
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a viral infection of pigs and represents a major threat to animal health and trade. Due to the high tenacity of the causative virus in carcasses of wild boar, contacts of wild boar with infectious carcasses are regarded [...] Read more.
African swine fever (ASF) is a viral infection of pigs and represents a major threat to animal health and trade. Due to the high tenacity of the causative virus in carcasses of wild boar, contacts of wild boar with infectious carcasses are regarded an important driver of the so-called habitat cycle. The latter is believed to play a major role in maintaining the present ASF situation in wild boar in Europe. Therefore, search campaigns and timely removal and disposal of carcasses are considered important disease control approaches. If timely disposal is not feasible due to logistic reasons, deterrence of wild boar may be a provisionary option. The performance of seven deterrents (physical and chemical) was tested in a forest near Greifswald, Germany. Carcasses as entities of attraction for wild boar were substituted by luring sites. It could be demonstrated in this pilot study that certain physical (LED blinkers, aluminum strips) and chemical (HAGOPUR Wildschwein-Stopp™, Hukinol™) deterrents are capable of reducing the odds of wild boar contacts to one third, but in depth testing of the aforementioned promising deterrent candidates is recommended. A choice of those deterrents identified as suitable, reasonable, and easy to apply should be carried out, when carcass search campaigns are launched in the case of an outbreak of ASF in wild boar. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Infections in Wild Swine)
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