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Animals
Special Issues
Animals as Reservoir of Antimicrobial Resistance
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Animals as Reservoir of Antimicrobial Resistance

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal System and Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (23 February 2023) | Viewed by 7757

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Josman Dantas Palmeira

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UCIBIO, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; beta-lactamases; ESBL; carbapenemases
Dr. Helena Ferreira

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Microbiology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
Interests: antimicrobial resistance ecological perspective; environmental multidrug-resistant bacteria spread
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of biggest challenges for public health this century. This threat is recognized as a global problem that broke up human settings barriers a long time ago. AMR is reported in all compartments of the whole ecosystem, and, accordingly with the WHO, CDC and ECDC, continuous surveillance continues to be a powerful tool in the fight to break AMR. Under a One Health perspective and in the interface of human–animal­–environment, animals play a key role in AMR dissemination due to the strength of their link with humans (companion animals, food chain, etc.) and the environment (natural habitat, livestock production, etc.). This Special Issue proposes to build upon one more piece of the AMR in animals puzzle, through attracting and agglutinating the new data, updates, opinions, points of view and scientific perspectives of animals as reservoirs and disseminators of AMR.

- Antimicrobial resistance.
- Multidrug-resistant bacteria.
- Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL).
- Carbapenemases.
- Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes.
- Plasmid-mediated quinlone resistance (PMQR).
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
- Vancomycin-resistant enterococci.

Dr. Josman Dantas Palmeira
Dr. Helena Ferreira
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • AMR
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • MDR
  • beta-lactamases
  • ESBL
  • carbapenemases
  • mcr
  • PMQR
  • MRSA
  • VRE animais
  • livestock
  • pets
  • wildlife

Published Papers (4 papers)

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11 pages, 803 KiB  
Article
Comparative Genetic Characterization of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Patients and Swine Suffering from Diarrhea in Korea
by Kyung-Hyo Do, Kwangwon Seo, Myunghwan Jung, Woo-Kon Lee and Wan-Kyu Lee
Animals 2023, 13(7), 1154; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13071154 - 24 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1344
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of the most common pathogenic Escherichia coli strains in swine and patients with diarrhea in Korea. We examined virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility in 85 and 61 E. coli [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to compare the virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of the most common pathogenic Escherichia coli strains in swine and patients with diarrhea in Korea. We examined virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility in 85 and 61 E. coli strains isolated from swine and patients with diarrhea, respectively. The most prevalent pathogen in swine was enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (47.1%), followed by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) (32.9%). Similarly, the majority of the patient isolates (50.8%) were proven to be STEC, the most common pathotype, followed by ETEC (23.0%). We found that swine isolates had significantly higher resistance than patient isolates, especially to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin: 37.5% and 16.1%; norfloxacin: 29.7% and 16.1%, respectively). Additionally, sequence type (ST) 100 (swine: 21; patients: 4), ST 1 (swine: 21, patients: 2), ST 10 (swine: 8; patients: 6), ST 641 (swine: 3, patients: 2), and ST 88 (swine: 2, patients: 11) were detected in both swine and humans. In addition, we confirmed that isolates from swine and patients had similar virulence traits and were phylogenetically similar. According to these findings, swine and humans are susceptible to cross infection and the transfer of antimicrobial resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animals as Reservoir of Antimicrobial Resistance)
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12 pages, 869 KiB  
Article
Development of a Method for the Fast Detection of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- and Plasmid-Mediated AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from Dogs and Cats in the USA
by Kwang-Won Seo
Animals 2023, 13(4), 649; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13040649 - 13 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1935
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance, such as resistance to beta-lactams and the development of resistance mechanisms, is associated with multifactorial phenomena and not only with the use of third-generation cephalosporins. Many methods have been recommended for the detection of ESBL and pAmpC β-lactamase production but they [...] Read more.
Antibiotic resistance, such as resistance to beta-lactams and the development of resistance mechanisms, is associated with multifactorial phenomena and not only with the use of third-generation cephalosporins. Many methods have been recommended for the detection of ESBL and pAmpC β-lactamase production but they are very subjective and the appropriate facilities are not available in most laboratories, especially not in clinics. Therefore, for fast clinical antimicrobial selection, we need to rapidly detect ESBL- and pAmpC β-lactamase-producing bacteria using a simple method with samples containing large amounts of bacteria. For the detection of ESBL- and pAmpC phenotypes and genes, the disk diffusion test, DDST and multiplex PCR were conducted. Of the 109 samples, 99 (90.8%) samples were grown in MacConkey broth containing cephalothin, and 71 samples were grown on MacConkey agar containing ceftiofur. Of the 71 samples grown on MacConkey agar containing ceftiofur, 58 Escherichia coli and 19 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, in particular, harbored β-lactamase genes. Of the 38 samples that did not grow in MacConkey broth containing cephalothin or on MacConkey agar containing ceftiofur, 32 isolates were identified as E. coli, and 10 isolates were identified as K. pneumoniae; β-lactamase genes were not detected in these E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates. Of the 78 ESBL- and pAmpC β-lactamase-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae, 55 (70.5%) isolates carried one or more ESBL genes and 56 (71.8%) isolates carried one or more pAmpC β-lactamase genes. Our method is a fast, and low-cost tool for the screening of frequently encountered ESBL- and pAmpC β-lactamase-producing bacteria and it would assist in diagnosis and improve therapeutic treatment in animal hospitals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animals as Reservoir of Antimicrobial Resistance)
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10 pages, 1522 KiB  
Communication
Antibiotic Resistance Genes Occurrence in Conventional and Antibiotic-Free Poultry Farming, Italy
by Muhammad Farooq, Camilla Smoglica, Fausto Ruffini, Lidia Soldati, Fulvio Marsilio and Cristina E. Di Francesco
Animals 2022, 12(18), 2310; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12182310 - 6 Sep 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2115
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a complex and widespread problem threatening human and animal health. In poultry farms, a wide distribution of resistant bacteria and their relative genes is described worldwide, including in Italy. In this paper, a comparison of resistance gene distribution in litter [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance is a complex and widespread problem threatening human and animal health. In poultry farms, a wide distribution of resistant bacteria and their relative genes is described worldwide, including in Italy. In this paper, a comparison of resistance gene distribution in litter samples, recovered from four conventional and four antibiotic-free broiler flocks, was performed to highlight any influence of farming systems on the spreading and maintenance of resistance determinants. Conventional PCR tests, targeting the resistance genes related to the most used antibiotics in poultry farming, along with some critically important antibiotics for human medicine, were applied. In conventional farms, n. 10 out of n. 30 investigated genes were present in at least one sample, the most abundant fragments being the tet genes specific for tetracyclines, followed by those for aminoglycosides and chloramphenicol. All conventional samples resulted negative for colistin, carbapenems, and vancomycin resistance genes. A similar trend was observed for antibiotic-free herds, with n. 13 out of n. 30 amplified genes, while a positivity for the mcr-1 gene, specific for colistin, was observed in one antibiotic-free flock. The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference for the tetM gene, which was found more frequently in the antibiotic-free category. The analysis carried out in this study allowed us to obtain new data about the distribution of resistance patterns in the poultry industry in relation to farming types. The PCR test is a quick and non-expensive laboratory tool for the environmental monitoring of resistance determinants identifying potential indicators of AMR dissemination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animals as Reservoir of Antimicrobial Resistance)
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10 pages, 801 KiB  
Case Report
Biofilm Production by Critical Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens from an Equine Wound
by Ana C. Afonso, Mariana Sousa, Ana Rita Pinto, Mário Cotovio, Manuel Simões and Maria José Saavedra
Animals 2023, 13(8), 1342; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13081342 - 13 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1697
Abstract
As in human medicine, in veterinary medicine, chronic wounds are often related to polymicrobial infections and the presence of a biofilm, which compromises the effectiveness of therapeutic approaches. In this study, a Lusitano mare presented a 21-day-old chronic wound that was only being [...] Read more.
As in human medicine, in veterinary medicine, chronic wounds are often related to polymicrobial infections and the presence of a biofilm, which compromises the effectiveness of therapeutic approaches. In this study, a Lusitano mare presented a 21-day-old chronic wound that was only being treated with an antiseptic. A swab sample was collected, and three isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and one of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated. S. aureus did not show resistance to a panel of antibiotics. However, the P. aeruginosa isolate showed a resistance profile to carbapenems and fluoroquinolones, which may suggest a cross-resistance between antiseptic and antibiotics, given that no antibiotic therapy was applied to the wound or the mare in the previous year. Further experiments were conducted to assess the ability of the isolates to form biofilms, and to ascertain their susceptibility to gentamicin. The results demonstrated that the isolates produced biofilms. Gentamicin at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 10× MIC caused biofilm removal between 59.3% and 85.7%, with the highest removal percentage being obtained for the P. aeruginosa isolate (at 10× MIC concentration). This study reveals that an equine wound was colonized by antibiotic resistant bacteria, and that all the wound colonizers could form biofilms, demonstrating the relevance of an adequate diagnosis and treatment when there is a suspicion of a biofilm-infected wound. It also highlights the possibility of resistance transmission between animals, animals and humans, or animals and the environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animals as Reservoir of Antimicrobial Resistance)
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