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Recent Advances in the Treatment of Cancer in Domesticated Animals

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A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Clinical Studies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 12723

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mirja C. Nolff

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Guest Editor

Klinik für Kleintierchirurgie, Vetsuisse-Fakultät, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
Interests: soft tissue surgery; surgical oncology; wound treatment; small animal medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cancer is a condition frequently encountered in domestic animals and represents the leading cause of death in pet dogs and cats. In addition, pet animals represent valuable translational models for many tumor types, as cancer arises in immunocompetent animals that share the same environment as humans, and frequently develop disease with comparable biologic behavior to their human counterparts. Because of the considerable impact on our pet patient population, combined with the translational value of this field, there is a huge demand for basic research, as well as the development of new therapeutic approaches. This Special Issue of Animals encourages the submission of original research, reviews or consensus papers on important topics of domestic animal cancer, including basic research on classification and molecular drivers of disease, comparative oncology, as well as basic research and clinical trials in the field of medical, radiation and surgical oncology.

Dr. Mirja C. Nolff
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

chemotherapy
comparative oncology
immune therapy
interventional oncology
molecular disease drivers
radiation therapy
surgical oncology

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 804 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Feline Lymphoma: Patient Characteristics and Response Outcome of the COP-Protocol in Cats with Malignant Lymphoma in The Netherlands

by Hannah Versteegh, Maurice M. J. M. Zandvliet, Laurien R. Feenstra, Francine E. M. M. van der Steen and Erik Teske

Animals 2023, 13(16), 2667; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13162667 - 18 Aug 2023

Viewed by 2377

Abstract

Feline lymphoma is currently less commonly associated with retrovirus infections as the feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). This is thought to have caused a shift in the distribution of anatomical subtypes and eventually have led to poorer treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether this change was also notable in the Netherlands, a country historically known for its low prevalence of FeLV and FIV, and to determine its consequences on treatment response. A 10-year cohort of 174 cats with large cell lymphoma (110 treated) were included and compared to historical data from previously published reports in the Netherlands. Of the 90 cats screened, only one tested positive for FeLV and three for FIV. The most current cohort had an increased age (median 8.7 years) and fever Siamese cats (6.3%) compared to previous reports, with alimentary (24.5%) and nasopharyngeal lymphoma (22.7%) being the most common subtypes. Sixty-six of the one hundred and ten cats (60%) went into complete remission, (CR) resulting in a median disease-free period (DFP) of 763 days, with nasopharyngeal and mediastinal having the longest DFP. The median overall survival time was 274 days with an estimated 1-year survival of 41.3% and a 2-year survival of 34.6%, respectively. Patient characteristics of cats with malignant lymphoma in the Netherlands have changed over the years, but this cannot be explained by differences in FeLV/FIV prevalence. Although the overall response rate to therapy did not change over time, for some lymphoma subtypes, longer DFPs were observed compared to 30 years ago. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in the Treatment of Cancer in Domesticated Animals)

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10 pages, 252 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Retrospective Clinico-Pathologic Study of 35 Dogs with Urethral Transitional Cell Carcinoma Undergoing Treatment

by Giulia Ghisoni, Armando Foglia, Silvia Sabattini, Chiara Agnoli, Francesco Dondi, Simone Perfetti and Laura Marconato

Animals 2023, 13(14), 2395; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13142395 - 24 Jul 2023

Viewed by 2423

Abstract

Chemotherapy and cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COXi) are primary treatments for canine urethral transitional cell carcinoma (uTCC), a tumor known for its aggressiveness and poor prognosis. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinico-pathological characteristics, treatment modalities, and prognostic factors of 35 dogs with confirmed uTCC that received chemotherapy and COXi. Upon admission, urethral obstruction (UO) and urinary tract infection (UTI) were observed in seven (20%) dogs each. Gemcitabine (n = 20; 57.1%) and vinblastine (n = 10; 28.6%) were commonly used as first-line therapies, with four dogs also receiving radiation therapy. Based on RECIST, one (2.9%) dog achieved complete remission, nine (25.7%) partial remission, 20 (57.14%) showed stable disease, and five (14.3%) progressed. Among dogs with UO, six (85.7%) showed resolution or improvement after the first chemotherapy dose. The median time to local progression was 171 days (range: 107–235), and the median survival time was 333 days (range: 158–508). Dogs with UO upon admission had a higher risk of local progression, while both UO and UTI were associated with an increased risk of overall disease progression and tumor-related death. Additionally, gemcitabine significantly improved metastatic control. This study identified UO and UTI as negative prognostic factors, highlighting the importance of a multimodal approach in managing uTCC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in the Treatment of Cancer in Domesticated Animals)

11 pages, 1364 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Surgical Lights on the Performance of Fluorescence-Guided Surgery Systems: A Pilot Study

by Lavinia E. Chiti, Brian Park, Faustine d’Orchymont, Jason P. Holland and Mirja C. Nolff

Animals 2023, 13(14), 2363; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13142363 - 20 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1481

Abstract

Fluorescence-guided surgery can aid in the intraoperative visualization of target tissues, with promising applications in human and veterinary surgical oncology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of two fluoresce camera systems, IC-Flow^TM and Visionsense^TM VS3 Iridum, for the detection of two non-targeted (ICG and IRDye-800) and two targeted fluorophores (Angiostamp^TM and FAP-Cyan) under different room light conditions, including ambient light, new generation LED, and halogen artificial light sources, which are commonly used in operating theaters. Six dilutions of the fluorophores were imaged in phantom kits using the two camera systems. The limit of detection (LOD) and mean signal-to-background ratio (mSBR) were determined. The highest values of mSBR and a lower LOD were obtained in dark conditions for both systems. Under room lights, the capabilities decreased, but the mSBR remained greater than 3 (=clearly detectable signal). LOD and mSBR worsened under surgical lights for both camera systems, with a greater impact from halogen bulbs on Visionsense^TM VS3 Iridium and of the LED lights on IC-Flow due to a contribution of these lights in the near-infrared spectrum. When considering implementing FGS into the clinical routine, surgeons should cautiously evaluate the spectral contribution of the lights in the operating theater. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in the Treatment of Cancer in Domesticated Animals)

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14 pages, 673 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Surgical Aid of Methylene Blue in Addition to Intraoperative Gamma Probe for Sentinel Lymph Node Extirpation in 116 Canine Mast Cell Tumors (2017–2022)

by Elisa Maria Gariboldi, Alessandra Ubiali, Lavinia Elena Chiti, Roberta Ferrari, Donatella De Zani, Davide Danilo Zani, Valeria Grieco, Chiara Giudice, Camilla Recordati, Damiano Stefanello and Luigi Auletta

Animals 2023, 13(11), 1854; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13111854 - 2 Jun 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1662

Abstract

Methylene Blue (MB) is combined with radiopharmaceutical for intraoperative sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping, but its role during SLN extirpation has not been investigated yet in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to assess whether MB increased surgical detection of SLN beyond the use of intraoperative gamma-probe (IGP) alone in clinically node-negative dogs with mast cell tumors (MCTs) following the detection of sentinel lymphocentrums (SLCs) via preoperative planar lymphoscintigraphy. Dogs enrolled underwent MCT excision and SLC exploration guided by both MB and IGP. Data recorded for each SLN were staining (blue/non-blue), radioactivity (hot/non-hot), and histopathological status (HN0-1 vs. HN2-3). A total of 103 dogs bearing 80 cutaneous, 35 subcutaneous, and 1 mucocutaneous MCTs were included; 140 SLCs were explored, for a total of 196 SLNs removed. Associating MB with IGP raised the SLNs detection rate from 90% to 95%. A total of 44% of SLNs were metastatic: 86% were blue/hot, 7% were only blue, 5% were only hot, and 2% were non-blue/non-hot. All HN3 SLNs were hot. Combining MB with IGP can increase the rate of SLN detection in dogs with MCTs; nonetheless, all lymph nodes identified during dissection should be removed, as they might be unstained but metastatic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in the Treatment of Cancer in Domesticated Animals)

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12 pages, 1855 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Firocoxib as a Potential Neoadjuvant Treatment in Canine Patients with Triple-Negative Mammary Gland Tumors

by Andressa Brandi, Patricia de Faria Lainetti, Fabiana Elias, Marcela Marcondes Pinto Rodrigues, Livia Fagundes Moraes, Renée Laufer-Amorim, Laíza Sartori de Camargo, Cristina de Oliveira Massoco Salles Gomes and Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves

Animals 2023, 13(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13010060 - 23 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1996

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the pro-apoptotic effects of NSAID (Previcox^®) in vitro and in vivo. Two CMT cell lines, one from the primary tumor and one from bone metastasis, were treated with firocoxib and MTT assay was performed to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value. The firocoxib IC₅₀ for the cell lines UNESP-CM5 and UNESP-MM1 were 25.21 µM and 27.41 µM, respectively. The cell lines were then treated with the respective firocoxib IC₅₀ concentrations and annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assay was performed, to detect the induction of apoptosis in both cells (Annexin+/PI+). We conducted an in vivo study involving female dogs affected by CMT and divided them into control and treatment groups. For both groups, a biopsy was performed on day 0 (D0) and a mastectomy was performed on day 14 (D14). In the treatment group, after biopsy on D0, the patients received Previcox^® 5 mg/kg PO once a day until mastectomy was performed on D14. COX-2/caspase-3 double immunostaining was performed on samples from D0 and D14, revealing no difference in the control group. In contrast, in the treatment group Previcox^® increased the number of COX-2 positive apoptotic cells. Therefore, firocoxib can induce apoptosis in CMT cells in vitro and in vivo, and Previcox^® can be a potential neoadjuvant treatment for patients with mammary cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in the Treatment of Cancer in Domesticated Animals)

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Review

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31 pages, 895 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Scoping Review on Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cats: Current Evidence and Future Directions

by Žiga Žagar and Jarno M. Schmidt

Animals 2023, 13(19), 3059; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13193059 - 29 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2094

Abstract

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have become invaluable in the treatment of human and canine malignancies, but their role in feline oncology is less defined. While toceranib phosphate and masitinib mesylate are licensed for use in dogs, no TKI is yet approved for cats. This review systematically maps the research conducted on the expression of tyrosine kinases in neoplastic and non-neoplastic domestic feline tissues, as well as the in vitro/in vivo use of TKIs in domestic cats. We identify and discuss knowledge gaps and speculate on the further research and potential indications for TKI use in cats. A comprehensive search of three electronic databases and relevant paper reference lists identified 139 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The most commonly identified tumors were mast cell tumors (MCTs), mammary and squamous cell carcinomas and injection-site sarcomas. Based on the current literature, toceranib phosphate appears to be the most efficacious TKI in cats, especially against MCTs. Exploring the clinical use of TKIs in mammary carcinomas holds promise. Despite the progress, currently, the evidence falls short, underscoring the need for further research to discover new indications in feline oncology and to bridge the knowledge gaps between human and feline medicine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in the Treatment of Cancer in Domesticated Animals)

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