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Animals
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Aquatic Animal Medicine and Pathology
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Aquatic Animal Medicine and Pathology

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Aquatic Animals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 4038

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Márcio Júlio Vicente Moreira

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
Interests: fish parasitology; host-pathogen interaction; fish immunology; marine organisms’ pathology; microbiology
Dr. Florbela Soares

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
IPMA—Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere/S2AQUAColab—Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
Interests: marine aquaculture; pathology; welfare
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diseases are not only one of the main constraints for the aquaculture industry, but they also impact aquaria and wild aquatic animals on a smaller scale. And the emerging impact of global warming on the fitness and condition of aquatic animals worldwide, associated with changes in the life cycle, transmission, extension of the infective season and geographical extension of a disease-affected area predicted in several global warming scenarios makes knowledge about diseases that affect these organisms an urgent and critical issue. It is important to better understand and characterize the disease processes in known disease outbreaks and to identify new pathogens and the mechanisms related to host-pathogen interactions in new pathologies that affect aquatic animals to optimize epidemiological models and create countermeasures to limit the impact of disease in the aquaculture industry and wild/aquaria aquatic animals.

In line with this, the present Special Issue welcomes original scientific and review articles on key and emerging aquatic animal diseases and their impact on the hosts, covering pathogen characterization, host physiological responses (including gene/protein expression), virulence, transmission (including wild-farmed host interactions), pathogenesis (including experimental trials), diagnosis (disease characterization and development of new molecular markers and techniques), and novel treatment strategies (vaccines, synthetic and alternative treatments, nutraceuticals…). Articles focusing on omics studies will be appreciated.

Dr. Márcio Júlio Vicente Moreira
Dr. Florbela Soares
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • disease
  • host-pathogen interactions
  • pathogen characterization
  • treatments

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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14 pages, 11156 KiB  
Article
Chromium Affects Mitochondrial Function, Leading to Apoptosis and Autophagy in Turtle Primary Hepatocytes
by Shuqin Lin, Yunjuan Xiao, Jing Lin, Yue Yuan, Haitao Shi, Meiling Hong and Li Ding
Animals 2024, 14(16), 2403; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162403 - 19 Aug 2024
Viewed by 830
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), a pervasive industrial contaminant, is highly toxic to both humans and animals. However, its effects on turtles are largely unexplored. Our study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of Cr(VI) on the Reeves’ turtles (Mauremys reevesii) primary hepatocytes. [...] Read more.
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), a pervasive industrial contaminant, is highly toxic to both humans and animals. However, its effects on turtles are largely unexplored. Our study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of Cr(VI) on the Reeves’ turtles (Mauremys reevesii) primary hepatocytes. We exposed hepatocytes to two concentrations (25 μM and 50 μM) of Cr(VI) for 24 h. The results showed that compared to controls, Cr(VI)-treated cells showed elevated antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Adenosine triphosphatae (ATP) levels decreased, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, we found significant changes in mitochondrial dynamics related genes, with downregulation of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and a decrease in sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and tumor protein 53 (p53) mRNA levels. Annexin V-FITC fluorescence staining-positive cells increased with higher Cr(VI) concentrations, marked by elevated bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (Caspase3) mRNA levels and reduced B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2) expression. Autophagy-related genes were also affected, with increased microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3-I), microtubule-associated protein light chain 3II (LC3-II), unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1 (ULK1), and sequestosome 1 (p62/SQSTM1) mRNA levels and decreased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Beclin1 expression. Taken together, Cr(VI) promotes cell apoptosis and autophagy in turtle hepatocytes by inducing oxidative stress and disrupting mitochondrial function. These findings highlight the serious health risks posed by Cr(VI) pollution and emphasize the need for protecting wild turtle populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aquatic Animal Medicine and Pathology)
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14 pages, 1633 KiB  
Article
A Modified Calculation of the Withdrawal Time and a Risk Assessment of Enrofloxacin in Micropterus salmoides after Its Ad Libitum Administration via Medicated Feed in the Commercial Aquaculture
by Ning Xu, Yongzhen Ding and Xiaohui Ai
Animals 2024, 14(16), 2341; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162341 - 14 Aug 2024
Viewed by 556
Abstract
The present study investigated the residue depletion and WTs of EF and its main metabolite, ciprofloxacin, in largemouth bass after ad libitum administration in commercial fish farming based on statistical approaches. Samples collected at pre-determined time points were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography. [...] Read more.
The present study investigated the residue depletion and WTs of EF and its main metabolite, ciprofloxacin, in largemouth bass after ad libitum administration in commercial fish farming based on statistical approaches. Samples collected at pre-determined time points were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography. If the concentrations of medicine were less than the quantitative limit, they were set to be half of the limit of quantitative. The terminal elimination of the target compound was assumed to fit a one-compartment model. The statistical methods of Bartlett’s test and Cochran’s test were used to inspect the homogeneity of the log-transformed data. The lack-of-fit test and F-test were used to check the linearity of the regression line. Outliers were assessed using standardized residuals. The final WT was estimated using the 95% percentile with a 95% confidence level. The WTs of EF were calculated to be 46, 29, 33, 46, and 20 days for the muscle + skin, plasma, gill, kidney, and liver, respectively. After the risk assessment, the values of the hazard quotient were calculated to be far less than 1, indicating that the risk of residual EF was particularly low in the edible tissues of largemouth bass after medicine depletion for various WTs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aquatic Animal Medicine and Pathology)
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19 pages, 22783 KiB  
Article
Retrospective Study of the Prevalence, Histopathology, Therapy, and Survival Time of Neoplastic Disease in Fish
by Emma Ferraro, Scott H. Harrison, Elizabeth Duke, Brigid Troan, Amy Boddy, Lisa M. Abegglen and Tara M. Harrison
Animals 2024, 14(3), 464; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14030464 - 31 Jan 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1710
Abstract
This study evaluated neoplasia in fish using medical records from zoos, aquariums, and exotic animal veterinarians. The parameters evaluated included geographic location, habitat type, signalment, anatomic location of neoplasia, type of neoplasia as confirmed with histologic examination, survival time, and treatments provided for [...] Read more.
This study evaluated neoplasia in fish using medical records from zoos, aquariums, and exotic animal veterinarians. The parameters evaluated included geographic location, habitat type, signalment, anatomic location of neoplasia, type of neoplasia as confirmed with histologic examination, survival time, and treatments provided for each patient. These data were entered into the Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance (ESCRA) database. Out of 455 cases from across the United States and England, most animals submitted were from zoologic parks or aquariums (62.9%), followed by private ownership (1.5%). The percent of female (19.3%) and male (17.8%) patients were similar, and the mean age at the time of diagnosis was 99.45 months, with a range of 12 to 300 months. The species with the highest neoplasia prevalence was koi (18.5%), followed by goldfish (10.8%). The eye was the most commonly reported site for a primary neoplasm (8.4%), and the most prevalent diagnosis across all organ systems was soft tissue sarcoma (26.2%). Only 13 patients in this study (2.9%) received any form of treatment, with a mean survival time of 8.85 months post-treatment. These data demonstrate that while information related to clinical therapy of cancer in fish species is lacking, surgical excision of tumors in fish, when feasible for the patient and client, may improve patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aquatic Animal Medicine and Pathology)
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9 pages, 5451 KiB  
Brief Report
The Emaciation Disease: The Possibility of Non-Pathogenic Occurrence in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
by Gyoungsik Kang, Won-Sik Woo, Bong-Jo Kang, Woon-Chul Kang and Chan-Il Park
Animals 2024, 14(22), 3176; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14223176 - 6 Nov 2024
Viewed by 288
Abstract
Emaciation disease has directly affected the production of olive flounder—a major aquaculture species in Korea—since the 2000s. Various myxosporeans have been reported as its causative agents. In this study, we investigated the recent resurgence of emaciation on Jeju Island, considering not only myxosporean [...] Read more.
Emaciation disease has directly affected the production of olive flounder—a major aquaculture species in Korea—since the 2000s. Various myxosporeans have been reported as its causative agents. In this study, we investigated the recent resurgence of emaciation on Jeju Island, considering not only myxosporean infections but also potential environmental factors. Unlike previous studies that have primarily attributed the causes of emaciation disease to infections by myxosporeans, this research aimed to determine whether pathogen infection is indeed the sole cause of emaciation disease through molecular and histopathological analyses. Molecular biological and histopathological analyses of aquaculture and laboratory samples revealed that gross pathology lesions of emaciation can occur in the absence of pathogens, as well as in environments with myxosporean infections. These findings suggest that emaciation disease can be exacerbated by certain environmental factors in addition to myxosporeans. Future research should focus on detailed experimental designs to identify the specific environmental conditions contributing to the severity of this disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aquatic Animal Medicine and Pathology)
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