Mechanisms of Resistance to Antibacterial Agents in Staphylococcus and Enterococcus

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanism and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2024) | Viewed by 339

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Bacteriology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
Interests: antimicrobial resistance (AMR); biofilm; environmental response; molecular genetics; bacterial pathogenicity; infection control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Staphylococcus and Enterococcus are Gram-positive cocci that are recognized as globally important opportunistic pathogens that can cause serious infections in humans, especially in hospitalized patients. Over recent decades, there has been a significant increase in the rates of acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in these species, either through the acquisition of resistance determinants by horizontal gene transfer of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), or through mutations that alter gene expression or binding sites in native genes. This has resulted in the emergence of polyclonal lineages that are resistant to front-line therapeutic agents.

Understanding more about these mechanisms should hopefully lead to better treatment options, and the development of antimicrobial drugs that can withstand the microorganisms' attempts to become resistant. Our Special Issue seeks to compile leading-edge research that unravels the intricate tapestry of resistance mechanisms within Staphylococcus and Enterococcus. This Special Issue considers all aspects of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus and Enterococcus, illuminating the molecular underpinnings of resistance and providing insights into strategies to counteract these mechanisms. Manuscripts exploring genetic determinants, plasmid-mediated resistance dissemination, and the role of mobile genetic elements in resistance propagation are highly encouraged.

Dr. Hidetada Hirakawa
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
  • drug resistance
  • infection control
  • gene transfer
  • methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
  • vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)
  • whole-genome analysis (WGS)

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

7 pages, 315 KiB  
Article
Role of parC Mutations at Position 84 on High-Level Delafloxacin Resistance in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
by Silvia Bolaños, Cesar Acebes, Óscar Martínez-Expósito, José Antonio Boga, Javier Fernández and Carlos Rodríguez-Lucas
Antibiotics 2024, 13(7), 641; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13070641 - 11 Jul 2024
Abstract
High-level delafloxacin-resistant (H-L DLX-R) Staphylococcus aureus isolates (minimum inhibitory concentration ≥1mg/L) associated with mutations affecting position 84 of ParC have emerged. We aimed to elucidate the role of these mutations as a mechanism of H-L DLX resistance in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates [...] Read more.
High-level delafloxacin-resistant (H-L DLX-R) Staphylococcus aureus isolates (minimum inhibitory concentration ≥1mg/L) associated with mutations affecting position 84 of ParC have emerged. We aimed to elucidate the role of these mutations as a mechanism of H-L DLX resistance in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates recovered from blood cultures. Susceptibility to DLX was determined in 75 MRSA isolates by E-test, and an rt-PCR was developed to detect mutations affecting position 84 of ParC to screen a further 185 MRSA isolates. The genomes of 48 isolates, including all DLX-R isolates or with alterations at position 84, and also a subset of DLX-susceptible isolates were analyzed. Among the 75 isolates studied, 77.34% were DLX-susceptible and only 4 H-L DLX-R isolates were found. Seven (3.8%) isolates with alterations at position 84 of ParC were detected by rt-PCR. Genomic analysis showed that 89.9% (8/9) of isolates with the substitution E84K/G in ParC, together with other mutations in gyrA and parC, were H-L DLX-R. However, the E84K substitution in ParC alone or with other alterations was found in two isolates without H-L DLX-R. Alterations at position 84 of ParC are rare but play a key role in H-L DLX resistance in MRSA but only when other alterations in GyrA are present. Full article
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