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Human Impacts on Environmental Microbial Communities

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2025) | Viewed by 1313

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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

All natural environments involve characteristic microbial communities. Microorganisms are essential features in all natural material cycles. A high diversity of bacteria reside in water and soils and live in symbiosis with macroorganisms, and they can act as dangerous pathogens for humans, animals, and plants, demanding a deeper understanding of the relations between microbial communities and their ecological environment. In addition to natural factors, human impacts are very important in the formation and change in soil microbial communities. This is evident in recent agricultural, industrial, and mining activities, waste deposition, and remediation. In addition to these activities, former humans, dating back to pre-industrial times, the middle age, and prehistory, imprinted their traces into soil bacterial communities, too. This Special Issue is devoted to all aspects related to investigations of both recent and ancient human impacts on soil bacterial communities. It explores advanced technologies such as NGS and microfluidic techniques, as well as investigations on the importance of soil microbial communities in the recent state and usability of soils, and in the search for new strains with special ecological functions and new specific metabolic features.

Prof. Dr. Johann Michael Köhler
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • microorganisms
  • microbial communities
  • bacteria
  • human impact
  • environment
  • ecosystems
  • soil
  • environmental pollution

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 1376 KB  
Article
Site-Specific Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria Consortium Developed Using Functional and Genomic Analyses
by Davide Lelli, Cristina Russo, Dario Liberati, Paolo De Angelis, Maurizio Petruccioli and Silvia Crognale
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(3), 1671; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031671 - 6 Feb 2026
Viewed by 584
Abstract
Bioaugmentation, defined as the strategic incorporation of specifically selected microbial biomass into contaminated environments, can significantly enhance the biodegradation of pollutants and is extensively employed in soil bioremediation efforts. A multistep screening process was applied to develop an autochthonous microbial consortium, including (i) [...] Read more.
Bioaugmentation, defined as the strategic incorporation of specifically selected microbial biomass into contaminated environments, can significantly enhance the biodegradation of pollutants and is extensively employed in soil bioremediation efforts. A multistep screening process was applied to develop an autochthonous microbial consortium, including (i) hydrocarbonoclastic strain isolation from soil chronically contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, (ii) bacterial selection according to genomic and functional traits, and (iii) consortium validation in the native contaminated soil through microcosm experiments. The selection of strains with the ability to degrade alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons on synthetic media was further supported by genomic analysis, delivering a consortium with complementary degradative properties. The outcomes of the microcosm experiments corroborated the efficacy of the selected indigenous consortium, demonstrating that the combination of Acinetobacter guillouiae, A. radioresistens, and Pseudomonas zarinae as an inoculum in the bioaugmentation strategy was successful in achieving the removal of up to 26% and 76% of linear and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, respectively, thereby effectively addressing areas where natural attenuation was insufficient. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Impacts on Environmental Microbial Communities)
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14 pages, 4066 KB  
Article
NGS Data of Local Soil Bacterial Communities Reflecting the Ditch Profile of a Neolithic Rampart from Hachum (Germany)
by Johann Michael Köhler, Jialan Cao, Peter Mike Günther and Michael Geschwinde
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(3), 1494; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031494 - 2 Feb 2026
Viewed by 408
Abstract
An archaeological exposure near Hachum, featuring a ditch profile interpreted as part of a Neolithic earthwork, was characterized using DNA analyses of bacterial 16S rRNA from soil samples. The NGS data from 13 sampling points at different positions and depths within the trench [...] Read more.
An archaeological exposure near Hachum, featuring a ditch profile interpreted as part of a Neolithic earthwork, was characterized using DNA analyses of bacterial 16S rRNA from soil samples. The NGS data from 13 sampling points at different positions and depths within the trench profile were compared with regard to the percentage distribution of phyla and the frequency of occurrence of individual bacterial types (genera or operational taxonomic units, OTUs). Characteristic differences between parts of the trench profile became apparent based on correlations of OTU abundances as well as the occurrence of specific types. In particular, a high similarity in bacterial communities was observed among samples from intermediate trench depths, while a markedly different composition was found in the area of the central trench bottom. These findings indicate that the trench must have remained open for a certain period of time and was later filled relatively homogeneously. The results showed that the middle and lower parts of the ditch fill could be clearly distinguished from each other and from the surrounding area based on the composition of soil bacterial DNA. Genera detected predominantly in the lower part of the ditch suggest that, after the ditch was completed, organic matter, animal dung, and possibly even human feces were accumulated at the bottom. The investigations demonstrate that analyses of soil bacterial communities can provide valuable insights into the history and function of a Neolithic earthwork and, more generally, represent an important additional source of information for interpreting archaeological contexts that are devoid of or poor in finds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Impacts on Environmental Microbial Communities)
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