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Applied Sciences
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Art and Science in Facial, Orthognathic and Maxillofacial Surgery
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Art and Science in Facial, Orthognathic and Maxillofacial Surgery

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 15677

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Dror Michael Allon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
Interests: orthognathic; facial; maxillofacial; facial reconstruction; temporomandibular joint

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Maxillofacial surgery plays a significant role in reconstruction and enhancement of the human face. Facial appearance is an integral part of one’s identity, and their ability to display emotion, communicate, sleep, and eat. Numerous surgical techniques and skills are required to cope with the challenging task of restoring and manipulating highly complex anatomical deformities of the face and facial skeleton. This issue will highlight current practices and advances in soft and hard tissue reconstruction in the maxillofacial region and discuss advances in orthognathic and plastic surgery, as well as tissue regeneration research, with significant implications for the future of facial and maxillofacial surgery.

Dr. Dror Michael Allon
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • orthognathic
  • facial
  • maxillofacial
  • cephalometric analysis
  • beauty
  • dentofacial deformity
  • facial reconstruction
  • facial trauma
  • rhinoplasty
  • temporomandibular joint
  • facial asymmetry
  • obstructive sleep apnea
  • maxillomandibular advancement
  • microvascular
  • cleft lip and palate
  • facial attractiveness

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 5573 KiB  
Article
Anthropometric vs. Dental Variables of the Ageing Face: A Clinical Study
by Ioanna Yiallouridou, Katia Sarafidou, Anna Theocharidou, George Menexes and Vassiliki Anastassiadou
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(19), 10860; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131910860 - 29 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1000
Abstract
Background: Biological ageing and pathological changes of teeth impact the appearance and may hinder the effectiveness of facial aesthetic treatments. The present cross-sectional study in Caucasian dentate individuals aimed to measure facial features of the lower and middle parts of the face across [...] Read more.
Background: Biological ageing and pathological changes of teeth impact the appearance and may hinder the effectiveness of facial aesthetic treatments. The present cross-sectional study in Caucasian dentate individuals aimed to measure facial features of the lower and middle parts of the face across different ages and to identify any significant impacts of age, sex and dental variables on facial aesthetics. Methods: Fifty-eight adults (ranging from 26 to 79 years of age) participated in the study. Facial measurements were collected via digital two-dimensional photography, and intraoral variables were recorded. The data were digitally analysed using ImageJ software and statistically analysed using SPSS Software. Results: The lower and middle third of the face revealed statistically significant changes across the age span tested, with the middle third presenting higher values in females and the lower appearing more prominent in males. A negative correlation with age was revealed for the distance between the pupil and the orbital point. Intraoral dental variables were also significantly related to facial measures. Conclusions: The study enriches the anthropometric data available for the Greek population, with age and sex significantly impacting facial aesthetics and oral variables. Considering such information during preoperative planning for full-arch dental restorations or facial surgery is essential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Art and Science in Facial, Orthognathic and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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11 pages, 13519 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Pterygomaxillary Suture Morphology: A CBCT Study
by Tatiana Sella Tunis, Shaked Dratler, Lazar Kats and Dror Michael Allon
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(6), 3825; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13063825 - 16 Mar 2023
Viewed by 6933
Abstract
One of the most challenging procedures during maxillary osteotomy is pterygomaxillary suture (PMS) separation, due to the difficulty of directly inspecting this suture and the anatomical complexity of the adjacent structures. Knowing the precise anatomical dimensions and the position of the PMS, namely, [...] Read more.
One of the most challenging procedures during maxillary osteotomy is pterygomaxillary suture (PMS) separation, due to the difficulty of directly inspecting this suture and the anatomical complexity of the adjacent structures. Knowing the precise anatomical dimensions and the position of the PMS, namely, the angle at which to approach this structure, may help in determining the proper osteotome. It will also help the oral and maxillofacial surgeon to perform this sensitive procedure more precisely and to minimize surgical complications (e.g., internal maxillary artery injury and unfavorable fracture during separation). The current study aimed to evaluate the morphology of PMS in an adult Israeli population using CBCT scans of the maxilla. Fifty CBCTs of healthy males (n = 27) and females (n = 23) were collected and analyzed. The vertical height, maximal thickness, and angulation of the PMS relative to the midsagittal plane of the skull were evaluated on both the right and left sides of the patient. An independent samples t-test was carried out to determine PMS morphological differences between males and females. A related samples t-test was conducted to determine the PMS morphological differences between the right and left sides. No significant differences in PMS parameters were found between sides in males and females (p > 0.225). Both males and females exhibited similar height and angulation of the PMS (p > 0.486). Interestingly, the PMS thickness was statistically greater in males (p = 0.029); however, this difference was clinically insignificant. The mean dimensions of the PMS in a healthy Israeli adult population are presented and discussed, as well as the clinical and methodological implications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Art and Science in Facial, Orthognathic and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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9 pages, 275 KiB  
Communication
On the Association between Dental Implants, Osteoporosis and Bone Modulating Therapy
by Daya Masri, Hiba Masri-Iraqi, Joseph Nissan, Sarit Naishlos, Yehonthan Ben-Zvi, Eli Rosenfeld, Gal Avishai and Liat Chaushu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(6), 3398; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13063398 - 7 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1765
Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis affects bone metabolism and may result in fragility fractures. Medications include bone modulating therapy (BMT), which come with the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ). The literature is contradictory about the impact of osteoporosis and/or BMT on dental implant success [...] Read more.
Background: Osteoporosis affects bone metabolism and may result in fragility fractures. Medications include bone modulating therapy (BMT), which come with the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ). The literature is contradictory about the impact of osteoporosis and/or BMT on dental implant success and the incidence of ONJ. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of osteoporosis and BMT on early implant failure (EIF) and ONJ incidence (primary outcome parameters) following dental implant placement. Materials and Methods: Retrospective, cohort study based on dental records. Implant-supported prostheses (ISP) were delivered by experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeons and prosthodontists. Inclusion criteria: diagnosis of osteoporosis, delivery of ISP, consecutive individuals, and available data. Confounding variables included—age, gender, smoking status, BMT, bone grafting, and implant length/diameter. Results: There were a total of 72 osteoporosis patients, 46 using and 26 not using BMT. There were a total of 279 inserted implants, 154 in those using and 124 in those not using BMT. Univariate analysis of factors that may affect EIF showed no statistically significant differences between non-osteoporotic, osteoporotic using BMT, and osteoporotic patients not using BMT regarding EIF and ONJ incidence following dental implant delivery. Multivariate model using logistic regression demonstrated one factor associated with increased risk for EIF—bone augmentation. No cases of ONJ were reported up to one year post ISP delivery in any group. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that installing dental implants in osteoporotic patients, treated or not with BMT, is a safe procedure with EIF comparable to non-osteoporotic patients. The short-term risk for ONJ following dental implant insertion in osteoporotic (even when using BMT) patients is negligible. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Art and Science in Facial, Orthognathic and Maxillofacial Surgery)
6 pages, 792 KiB  
Communication
Age Assessment through Third Molar Teeth Developmental Stage in Children
by Noa Sadan, Netta Aderet, Nirit Tagger-Green, Tal Ratson and Amir Laviv
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(4), 2069; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042069 - 5 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1914
Abstract
Age determination is important for forensic evaluation and for determining criminal responsibility. Based on the development of permanent teeth, the Demirjian staging evaluation key is commonly used in research for estimating age using teeth developmental stage. The purpose of the current study was [...] Read more.
Age determination is important for forensic evaluation and for determining criminal responsibility. Based on the development of permanent teeth, the Demirjian staging evaluation key is commonly used in research for estimating age using teeth developmental stage. The purpose of the current study was to correlate the dental developmental age of third molar teeth with the chronological age of adolescent patients. This study evaluated 324 panorex images of Israeli patients aged 8–21 years with known birth dates and genders. The dental developmental stage was compared to the patient’s chronological age by gender and side (right/left and upper/lower jaws). This study also attempted to predict the patient’s age using the third molar developmental stage. The study included 179 male and 145 female patients. There was no statistical difference between the right and left sides of the upper or lower teeth. A strong correlation was found between third molar development and chronological age for both the maxilla and mandible. In 100% of cases, patients in developmental stage >5 were over 12 years old in the maxilla and in 97% of cases, were over 12 years old in the mandible. Patients in developmental stage >6 were over 14 years old in 100% of cases in both the maxilla and mandible. Patients in developmental stage >7 were over 16 years old in 100% of cases in both the maxilla and mandible. This study found that third molars can be used to accurately estimate age in a narrow age range, with a strong correlation between third molar development and chronological age. Further research may be needed to understand the utility of this method and its possible usage in different countries around the world. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Art and Science in Facial, Orthognathic and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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9 pages, 480 KiB  
Article
Surgical Complications of Orthognathic Surgery
by Michael V. Joachim, Yair Brosh, Camron M. Rivera, Maria J. Troulis, Murad AbdelRaziq and Imad Abu El-Naaj
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 478; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010478 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3343
Abstract
Objectives: Orthognathic surgery is popular and provides patients with improved aesthetics and functionality. The procedure is considered safe and predictable. Possible complications do exist and can be life-threatening. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of intra- and post-operative complications, [...] Read more.
Objectives: Orthognathic surgery is popular and provides patients with improved aesthetics and functionality. The procedure is considered safe and predictable. Possible complications do exist and can be life-threatening. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of intra- and post-operative complications, and to define possible correlations between diagnoses. Study Design: Medical records of 103 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery in a 4.5-year period (2013–2017), at the Baruch Padeh “Tzafon” Medical Center in Poriya (PMC), Israel, were retrospectively collected. The data were analyzed for descriptive statistics and non-parametrical tests. Results: In total, there were 56 complications in 45 patients (43.7% probability of complication per patient). Major complication occurred in only one case (1%), moderate complications appeared in 8.7% of the cases, while the most prevalent minor complications were temporary nerve injury and hardware issues (17.5% and 15.5%, respectively). Statistical analysis revealed that bi-max surgery has significantly higher (OR 1.34, CI 99% 1.05–1.69, p = 0.019) prevalence of complications than one-jaw surgery, as did skeletal class II patients (OR 2.75, CI 99% 2.25–3.35, p = 0.022), as compared to skeletal class III patients. Conclusions: Serious complications seem to be rare in orthognathic surgery at PMC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Art and Science in Facial, Orthognathic and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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