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Advanced Blockchain Technology for the Internet of Things

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Computing and Artificial Intelligence".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 April 2025 | Viewed by 2742

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
BISITE Research Group, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
Interests: applied artificial Intelligence; machine learning; intelligent control engineering; renewable energy engineering; system optimization; smart city; human–computer interaction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The realm of Computer Engineering is witnessing a profound transformation as the Internet of Things (IoT) revolutionizes traditional industries, turning them into intelligent sectors powered by data-centric decision making. However, the inherent attributes of the IoT pose several complex challenges, including decentralization, deficient interoperability, and vulnerabilities related to privacy and security. Blockchain inherently complements the IoT by presenting enhanced interoperability, privacy, security, reliability, and scalability.

This Special Issue on 'Advanced Blockchain Technology for the Internet of Things' examines the novel paradigm that integrates blockchain with the IoT, resulting in a convergence termed Blockchain of Things (BCoT).

The progression from conventional computer-aided industries to smart industries driven by data-driven choices has been facilitated by the IoT. In this paradigm shift, the IoT assumes a pivotal role by establishing connections between the physical industrial environment and the computational realm, effectively giving rise to a Cyber-Physical System (CPS). IoT applications span diverse industrial domains, including manufacturing, logistics, food industries, energy grids, healthcare data management, and utilities. The primary objectives of the IoT are to enhance operational efficiency, elevate production throughput, minimize machine downtime, and elevate product quality. Notably, the characteristics of the IoT include decentralized systems, a myriad of devices and systems, diverse datasets, and intricate network configurations. These features collectively contribute to challenges, such as system heterogeneity, inadequate interoperability, resource limitations in devices, and susceptibility to privacy and security. Blockchain technology has emerged as a viable solution for addressing these issues. The IoT integrated with blockchain utilizes a cryptographically secure digital ledger to authenticate, store, and share data generated by interconnected devices. This fusion ensures reliable data storage while preventing falsification, corruption, or tampering with data generated by the IoT to enhance value chain transparency.

The symbiotic relationship between the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technology is ushering in a paradigm shift in communication and interaction. This collaboration leverages a decentralized approach, transparency, traceability, reliability, a tamper-proof nature, and automation bestowed by the blockchain.

Dr. Ana-Belén Gil-González
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • IoT
  • blockchain
  • Blockchain of Things (BCoT)
  • big data
  • deep learning
  • traceability
  • optimization techniques
  • reliability
  • interoperability
  • privacy and security
  • smart industries
  • industrial IoT (IIoT)

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2337 KiB  
Article
Next-Generation Blockchain Technology: The Entropic Blockchain
by Melvin M. Vopson, Serban G. Lepadatu, Anna Vopson and Szymon Łukaszyk
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(14), 6297; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146297 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1047
Abstract
The storage, transmission, and processing of data become significant problems when large digital data files or databases are involved, as in the case of decentralized online global databases such as blockchain. Here, we propose a novel method that allows for the scalability of [...] Read more.
The storage, transmission, and processing of data become significant problems when large digital data files or databases are involved, as in the case of decentralized online global databases such as blockchain. Here, we propose a novel method that allows for the scalability of digital assets, including blockchain databases in the download, validation, and confidentiality processes, by developing a lightweight blockchain technology called Entropic Blockchain. This is a computer-implemented mathematical method by which to generate an information-entropic numerical barcode representation of a digital asset. Using this technique, a 1–2 Mb block of digital data can be represented by a few bytes, significantly reducing the size of a blockchain. The entropic barcode file can be utilized on its own or as an optically machine-readable entropic barcode for secure data transmission, processing, labeling, identification, and one-way encryption, as well as for compression, validation, and digital tamper-proof checks. The mathematics of this process and all the steps involved in its implementation are discussed in detail in this article. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Blockchain Technology for the Internet of Things)
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16 pages, 429 KiB  
Article
FlexBFT: A Flexible and Effective Optimistic Asynchronous BFT Protocol
by Anping Song and Cenhao Zhou
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(4), 1461; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14041461 - 10 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1049
Abstract
Currently, integrating partially synchronous Byzantine-fault-tolerant protocols into asynchronous protocols as fast lanes represents a trade-off between robustness and efficiency, a concept known as optimistic asynchronous protocols. Existing optimistic asynchronous protocols follow a fixed path order: they execute the fast lane first, switch to [...] Read more.
Currently, integrating partially synchronous Byzantine-fault-tolerant protocols into asynchronous protocols as fast lanes represents a trade-off between robustness and efficiency, a concept known as optimistic asynchronous protocols. Existing optimistic asynchronous protocols follow a fixed path order: they execute the fast lane first, switch to the slow lane after a timeout failure, and restart the fast lane after the slow lane execution is completed. However, when confronted with prolonged network fluctuations, this fixed path sequence results in frequent failures and fast lane switches, leading to overhead that diminishes the efficiency of optimistic asynchronous protocols compared with their asynchronous counterparts. In response to this challenge, this article introduces FlexBFT, a novel and flexible optimistic asynchronous consensus framework designed to significantly enhance overall consensus performance. The key innovation behind FlexBFT lies in the persistence of slow lanes. In the presence of persistent network latency, FlexBFT can continually operate round after round within the slow lane—the current optimal path—until the network conditions improve. Furthermore, FlexBFT offers the flexibility to combine consensus modules adaptively, further enhancing its performance. Particularly in challenging network conditions, FlexBFT’s experimental outcomes highlight its superiority across a range of network scenarios compared with state-of-the-art algorithms. It achieves a performance with 31.6% lower latency than BDT, effectively merging the low latency characteristic of deterministic protocols with the robustness inherent in asynchronous protocols. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Blockchain Technology for the Internet of Things)
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