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Applications of Deep and Machine Learning in Remote Sensing

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Computing and Artificial Intelligence".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 726

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Matematica “G. Castelnuovo”, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, 00185 Roma, Italy
Interests: remote sensing; applied mathematics; mathematical modeling in physics and engineering; optimal control; optimization; inverse problems; mathematical finance; numerical methods
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Remote sensing is a flourishing engineering discipline involving a variety of techniques. In a literal sense, remote sensing simply means sensing the object of the observation remotely; that is, without ‘touching’ it. Let us summarize some features of remote sensing when applied to Earth observations. A remote Earth observation is performed with sensors that measure electromagnetic fields after their interaction with the Earth. These sensors (e.g., radars, lidars, optical cameras, infrared cameras, etc.) are operated through platforms (e.g., satellites, planes, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), given fixed locations, etc.) and collect data. The data collected must be organized and interpreted. A very promising way of organizing remotely sensed data is the use of Geographical Information Systems (GISs). Roughly speaking, given a location in space and time, the GIS makes the corresponding remotely sensed data available. The traditional methods of interpreting the remotely sensed data derived from engineering (i.e., signal processing) and applied mathematics (i.e., inverse problems, mathematical physics). Needless to say, the volume of remotely sensed data available to the public is huge. This makes remote sensing a natural candidate for the application of the new techniques emerging in the scientific and technical literature widely known under the names of Data Science, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML). In particular, remotely sensed images can be interpreted using techniques taken from artificial vision and robotics such as Deep Learning (DL), including special kinds of neural networks such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Moreover, hybrid methods that combine AI and non-AI methods can be developed to interpret remotely sensed data.

The practical questions that can be answered using remotely sensed data are countless; for example, weather, forestry, agriculture, oceanography, ecology, navigation, infrastructure surveillance, etc.

This Special Issue welcomes the submission of papers concerned with, but not limited to, theory and applications in the subjects mentioned above. For example, quantum sensing, autonomous vehicles, and high-performance computing can be regarded as research fields that are related to remote sensing or that can provide methods and ideas to remote sensing. Of course, papers addressing new challenging problems in remote sensing are welcome to be submitted.

Prof. Dr. Francesco Zirilli
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • earth observation
  • remote sensing
  • artificial intelligence
  • machine learning
  • deep learning

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

29 pages, 6047 KB  
Article
Robust Multi-Resolution Satellite Image Registration Using Deep Feature Matching and Super Resolution Techniques
by Yungyo Im and Yangwon Lee
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(2), 1113; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16021113 - 21 Jan 2026
Viewed by 424
Abstract
This study evaluates the effectiveness of integrating a Residual Shifting (ResShift)-based deep learning super-resolution (SR) technique with the Robust Dense Feature Matching (RoMa) algorithm for high-precision inter-satellite image registration. The key findings of this research are as follows: (1) Enhancement of Structural Details: [...] Read more.
This study evaluates the effectiveness of integrating a Residual Shifting (ResShift)-based deep learning super-resolution (SR) technique with the Robust Dense Feature Matching (RoMa) algorithm for high-precision inter-satellite image registration. The key findings of this research are as follows: (1) Enhancement of Structural Details: Quadrupling image resolution via the ResShift SR model significantly improved the distinctness of edges and corners, leading to superior feature matching performance compared to original resolution data. (2) Superiority of Dense Matching: The RoMa model consistently delivered overwhelming results, maintaining a minimum of 2300 correct matches (NCM) across all datasets, which substantially outperformed existing sparse matching models such as SuperPoint + LightGlue (SPLG) (minimum 177 NCM) and SuperPoint + SuperGlue (SPSG). (3) Seasonal Robustness: The proposed framework demonstrated exceptional stability, maintaining registration errors below 0.5 pixels even in challenging summer–winter image pairs affected by cloud cover and spectral variations. (4) Geospatial Reliability: Integration of SR-derived homography with RoMa achieved a significant reduction in geographic distance errors, confirming the robustness of the dense matching paradigm for multi-sensor and multi-temporal satellite data fusion. These findings validate that the synergy between diffusion-based SR and dense feature matching provides a robust technological foundation for autonomous, high-precision satellite image registration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Deep and Machine Learning in Remote Sensing)
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