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Advances in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology — 2nd Edition
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Advances in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology — 2nd Edition

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Physics General".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 5736

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Miguel Alcaraz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
2. Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria “Virgen de la Arrixaca” (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30100 Murcia, Spain
Interests: ionizing radiation; radiation effects; radiobiology; radiation protection; radiology; radiotherapy; radioprotectors; radiosensitizers; nonionizing radiation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue focuses on the wide range of advances in the different clinical and technical aspects of medical imaging, both diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine, radiation oncology, radiation protection, and the biological effects produced by ionizing radiation.

This broad spectrum of topics includes articles on all aspects of clinical and/or basic research that describe original observations, techniques, instruments, new technologies, and meta-analyses.

Dr. Miguel Alcaraz
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • radiography
  • computed tomography
  • positron emission tomography
  • magnetic resonance imaging
  • ultrasonography
  • digital subtraction angiography
  • image-guided interventions
  • fluoroscopy
  • mammography
  • radiotherapy
  • nuclear medicine
  • radiation protection
  • radiation effects

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 6568 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Radiation Doses Received by Physicians during Permanent 198Au Grain Implant Brachytherapy for Oral Cancer
by Yohei Inaba, Keiichi Jingu, Masaki Fujisawa, Kazuki Otomo, Hiroki Ishii, Toshiki Kato, Yuuki Murabayashi, Masatoshi Suzuki, Masayuki Zuguchi and Koichi Chida
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(14), 6010; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146010 - 10 Jul 2024
Viewed by 409
Abstract
Brachytherapy is a practical, effective procedure for the local treatment of cancer; it delivers a high radiation dose to a limited tissue volume while sparing the surrounding normal tissues. Although the clinical benefit of brachytherapy is clear, there have been very few studies [...] Read more.
Brachytherapy is a practical, effective procedure for the local treatment of cancer; it delivers a high radiation dose to a limited tissue volume while sparing the surrounding normal tissues. Although the clinical benefit of brachytherapy is clear, there have been very few studies on the radiation dose received by physicians during the procedure. Furthermore, no study has investigated the eye radiation dose received by physicians performing 198Au grain (seed) brachytherapy, using an eye dosimeter. Recently, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommended significantly reducing the occupational lens dose limit, from 150 to 20 mSv/yr (100 mSv/5 years). Therefore, it has become essential to evaluate the eye radiation doses of medical workers. We evaluated the eye radiation dose of a brachytherapy physician performing 198Au permanent grain implantation for tongue cancer; this is the first study on this topic. The maximum eye dose was ~0.1 mSv/procedure, suggesting that it is unlikely to exceed the ICRP limit (20 mSv/yr) for the lens, unless many procedures are performed with inappropriate radiation protection. To reduce the dose of radiation received by 198Au grain brachytherapy physicians, it is necessary to use additional lead shielding equipment when preparing the treatment needles, i.e., when loading the grains. This study provides useful information on radiation exposure of physicians conducting 198Au permanent grain brachytherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology — 2nd Edition)
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10 pages, 551 KiB  
Article
Radiotherapy-Related Clinical and Functional Sequelae in Lung Cancer Survivors
by Alejandro Heredia-Ciuró, Paula Blasco-Valls, Andrés Calvache-Mateo, Geraldine Valenza-Peña, Laura López-López, Araceli Ortiz-Rubio and Marie Carmen Valenza
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(13), 5874; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135874 - 5 Jul 2024
Viewed by 434
Abstract
It is known that lung cancer survivors experience sequelae due to the evolution of the disease and oncological treatment. However, there is no consensus about their sequelae after radiotherapy treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical–functional profile of lung [...] Read more.
It is known that lung cancer survivors experience sequelae due to the evolution of the disease and oncological treatment. However, there is no consensus about their sequelae after radiotherapy treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical–functional profile of lung cancer survivors who receive radiotherapy treatment. This prospective observational study evaluated lung cancer patients who were candidates for radiotherapy treatment in the oncological radiotherapy unit of San Cecilio University Hospital in Granada. Symptoms (i.e., fatigue, cough, and dyspnea), functionality (i.e., physical activity levels and muscle mass), and quality of life were evaluated pre- and post-radiotherapy treatment. Sixty-five participants were included, and sixty-one completed both evaluations. Patients showed a significant increase in symptoms (p < 0.05) and a decline in functionality (p < 0.001) after completing radiotherapy. Quality of life was significantly lower after completing radiotherapy treatment (p < 0.05). Lung cancer survivors showed an increase in symptoms, a decline in physical activity levels, and a decline in perceived quality of life after receiving radiotherapy treatment. These results provide more accurate knowledge about the functional impairment experienced by lung cancer patients and can facilitate the future management of impairment in lung cancer patients, thus improving their quality of life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology — 2nd Edition)
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11 pages, 890 KiB  
Article
Risk of Radiation-Induced Second Primary Cancers and Cardiotoxicity following Therapeutic Irradiation for Thymoma with Photon Beams: A Treatment Planning Study
by Michalis Mazonakis, Stefanos Kachris, Maria Tolia and John Damilakis
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(11), 4926; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14114926 - 6 Jun 2024
Viewed by 581
Abstract
This study compared the risks for developing second primary cancers and cardiotoxicity following radiotherapy for thymoma. Three different 3D-CRT, IMRT, and VMAT plans were generated with 6 MV photons for 12 females with thymoma. Dose-volume histogram data were employed to estimate the second [...] Read more.
This study compared the risks for developing second primary cancers and cardiotoxicity following radiotherapy for thymoma. Three different 3D-CRT, IMRT, and VMAT plans were generated with 6 MV photons for 12 females with thymoma. Dose-volume histogram data were employed to estimate the second cancer risks using a mechanistic non-linear model. The radiation doses to the heart and cardiac substructures were combined with linear models to assess the probability of cardiotoxicity. The mean lifetime risk for lung, esophageal, thyroid, left breast, and right breast cancer induction was 4.34–4.49%, 0.30–0.31%, 0.05–0.07%, 2.06–2.30%, and 2.04–2.34%, respectively, depending upon the radiotherapy technique. The relative risk for major cardiac events, including myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, and death, was 1.43–1.55, whereas that for chronic heart failure was 1.20–1.29. The IMRT and VMAT significantly reduced the risk for cardiotoxicity with respect to 3D-CRT (p ≤ 0.023). Small but significant reductions were observed for most organ-specific cancer risks with IMRT compared to conformal treatment (p ≤ 0.008). Similar decreases were detected only for esophageal and thyroid cancer with VMAT (p ≤ 0.033). No difference was found in the probability for radiation-induced lung cancer with the three techniques (p ≥ 0.06). Healthcare professionals may use these data to select the appropriate radiotherapy technique and restrict the risk of late effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology — 2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 845 KiB  
Article
Robotic Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Spine Metastasis Pain Relief
by Daniel Rivas, Alejandro de la Torre-Luque, Vladimir Suárez, Rafael García, Castalia Fernández, Daniela Gonsalves, Elena Moreno-Olmedo, María Isabel Núñez and Escarlata López
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(5), 1775; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14051775 - 22 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1430
Abstract
Spinal metastasis may occur in 40–70% of patients with cancer. Symptoms can vary from pain to spinal cord compression (SCC) and can affect their quality of life (QoL). Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) allows dose escalation of spinal tumor metastases, minimizing doses to organs [...] Read more.
Spinal metastasis may occur in 40–70% of patients with cancer. Symptoms can vary from pain to spinal cord compression (SCC) and can affect their quality of life (QoL). Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) allows dose escalation of spinal tumor metastases, minimizing doses to organs at risk and improving pain control. The aim of this study is to retrospectively describe our institution’s experience with robotic SBRT (CyberKnife®, Accuray Incorporated, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) for spinal metastases, in terms of feasibility, oncological results, toxicities, and pain relief observed. In total, 25 patients with 43 lesions were assessed, most of them with dorsal metastases (48.8%). The median total dose was 27 Gy (16–35 Gy), the median number of fractions administered was 3 (1–5), and the median dose per fraction was 9 Gy. Pain was evaluated using the visual analogue scale at baseline and at the end of treatment. The statistically significant reduction in pain (p < 0.01) was associated with the total dose of radiotherapy delivered (p < 0.01). Only one patient developed grade 3 dermatitis. Female gender, adenocarcinoma tumors, and lack of previous surgery were associated with better response to SBRT (p < 0.05). Robotic spine SBRT is feasible, well-tolerated, and improves patients’ QoL through a statistically significant reduction in pain, so it should be offered to patients at an early stage in their process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology — 2nd Edition)
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17 pages, 10725 KiB  
Article
Introduction of a Novel Technique in Density-Adjusted 3D Printing for the Manufacture of Soft-Tissue-Equivalent Radiological Phantoms
by Ismail Ozsoykal and Ayşegül Yurt
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(2), 509; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020509 - 6 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1111
Abstract
The aim of this study is to introduce a new filament and novel 3D printing technique to adjust the density of a printing job in order to mimic the radiological properties of different tissues. We used a special filament, Light Weight PLA (LW-PLA), [...] Read more.
The aim of this study is to introduce a new filament and novel 3D printing technique to adjust the density of a printing job in order to mimic the radiological properties of different tissues. We used a special filament, Light Weight PLA (LW-PLA), which utilizes foaming technology triggered by temperature. Cylindrical samples were printed at various temperatures, flow rates, print speeds, and diameters. A computed tomography (CT) scan was performed to identify their radiological properties in terms of the mean Hounsfield Unit (HU). The densities of the samples ranged from 0.36 g/cm3 to 1.21 g/cm3, corresponding to mean HU values between −702.7 ± 13.9 HU and +141.4 ± 7.1 HU. Strong linear correlations were observed between the flow rate and density as well as the flow rate and mean HU. The axial homogeneity of the samples was reported as being comparable to that of distilled water. A reduction in the mean HU was observed at a lower print speed and it changed slightly with respect to the sample size. Reproducibility assessments confirmed consistent results for identical printing jobs. Comparisons with regular PLA samples revealed a superior homogeneity in the LW-PLA samples. The findings of this study suggest a practical and accessible solution for mimicking all of the soft tissues, including the lungs, by using a single filament. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology — 2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 3666 KiB  
Article
Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy for Radiosurgery of Brain Metastases: A Single-Center Study
by José Manuel Sánchez-Villalobos, Alfredo Serna-Berna, Juan Salinas-Ramos, Pedro Pablo Escolar-Pérez, Marina Andreu-Gálvez, Emma Martínez-Alonso, José Antonio Pérez-Vicente and Miguel Alcaraz
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(18), 10097; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810097 - 7 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1191
Abstract
Whole-brain radiation therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery are two treatment modalities commonly utilized to treat brain metastases (BMs). The aim of this study is to retrospectively analyze the main radio-oncologic and clinical-demographic aspects of a cohort of BM patients treated with Volumetric Modulated Arc [...] Read more.
Whole-brain radiation therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery are two treatment modalities commonly utilized to treat brain metastases (BMs). The aim of this study is to retrospectively analyze the main radio-oncologic and clinical-demographic aspects of a cohort of BM patients treated with Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy for radiosurgery (VMAT-RS). This is a cross-sectional observational design study with a retrospective review of the medical records of patients with brain metastases treated with VMAT-RS between 2012 and 2018. Clinical and demographic data, with special attention to sex, age, primary tumor, brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE), number and brain location of BMs, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), the updated DS-GPA prognostic index, and the survival estimated according to the Kaplan–Meier model from the date of radiosurgery, were analyzed. One hundred and twenty-one patients with 229 BMs were treated with VMAT-RS. Patients presented 1–4 BMs, which were treated with five non-coplanar VMAT arcs. Sixty-eight percent of the patients had lung cancer, and 35% of the BMs were in the frontal lobe. The proportion of local control was 88.5%. BTRE prevalence was 30.6%. The median survival time (MST) was 7.7 months. In the multivariate analysis of the Cox regression model, KPS ≥ 70 (HRKPS < 70 = 2.59; p = 0.001) and higher DS-GPA (HRDS-GPAII = 0.55, p = 0.022; HRDS-GPAIII-IV = 0.38, p = 0.006) were associated with improved survival. In the univariate analysis, primary tumor, age, and the presence of metastases in the posterior fossa (PFBMs) were also significant. In conclusion, the VMAT-RS is a technique with an overall survival rate comparable to other radiosurgery techniques. The median survival is significantly longer for those with higher KPS and DS-GPA. Other variables, such as the type of primary tumor, age, and PFBMs, could also influence survival, although further studies are needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology — 2nd Edition)
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