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Intelligent Data Processing for Fusion Plasma Physics

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 October 2021) | Viewed by 4763

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Fusion Plasma Physics Department, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
Interests: fusion plasma physics; experimental plasma physics; visible video diagnostics; ultra-fast imaging; fusion technology development

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During the last decade, nuclear fusion experiments have risen to the next level, in both technology and dedication. As the start-up of the world’s largest fusion device, ITER, is closing in, and present-day experiments are reaching plasma sustainment times well above 10 seconds. New tokamak experiments are designed for pulsed operation and aim for 100-second-long operation times, while stellarators, which are theoretically capable of continuous operation, target 1000 seconds or more.

Diagnostics, especially multi-channel imaging systems, are facing a continuously growing challenge to keep up with the increasing operation times—on the one hand, fast framing systems can only be operated for a few seconds because of memory limitations; on the other hand, the storage of the resulting tremendous data is a huge problem in itself, while their processing needs to be thought about and managed in a new way.

Intelligent data processing is a straightforward candidate to relieve this stress, capable of addressing all aspects of the problem. The increased availability of machine learning techniques to a wider audience can offer effective and powerful tools for analyzing large data sets, but they can also be used to compile resource-effective calculations for real-time analysis applications, which can be applied to reduce stored data on-the-fly.

This Special Issue of Applied Sciences, titled “Intelligent Data Processing for Plasma Physics”, aims to gather a selection of peer-reviewed scientific papers, outlining how novel data processing techniques such as machine learning can bring about a new era for fusion diagnostics, offering the capability of fast real-time data processing and/or the evaluation of large and complex datasets.

Dr. Tamás Zoltán Szepesi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • experimental fusion plasma physics
  • machine learning
  • intelligent data processing
  • image processing
  • visible video diagnostics
  • infrared video diagnostics
  • spectroscopy
  • tomography

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 17481 KiB  
Article
Detecting Plasma Detachment in the Wendelstein 7-X Stellarator Using Machine Learning
by Máté Szűcs, Tamás Szepesi, Christoph Biedermann, Gábor Cseh, Marcin Jakubowski, Gábor Kocsis, Ralf König, Marco Krause, Valeria Perseo, Aleix Puig Sitjes and The Team W7-X
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010269 - 28 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1611
Abstract
The detachment regime has a high potential to play an important role in fusion devices on the road to a fusion power plant. Complete power detachment has been observed several times during the experimental campaigns of the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator. Automatic observation [...] Read more.
The detachment regime has a high potential to play an important role in fusion devices on the road to a fusion power plant. Complete power detachment has been observed several times during the experimental campaigns of the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator. Automatic observation and signaling of such events could help scientists to better understand these phenomena. With the growing discharge times in fusion devices, machine learning models and algorithms are a powerful tool to process the increasing amount of data. We investigate several classical supervised machine learning models to detect complete power detachment in the images captured by the Event Detection Intelligent Camera System (EDICAM) at the W7-X at each given image frame. In the dedicated detached state the plasma is stable despite its reduced contact with the machine walls and the radiation belt stays close to the separatrix, without exhibiting significant heat load onto the divertor. To decrease computational time and resources needed we propose certain pixel intensity profiles (or intensity values along lines) as the input to these models. After finding the profile that describes the images best in terms of detachment, we choose the best performing machine learning algorithm. It achieves an F1 score of 0.9836 on the training dataset and 0.9335 on the test set. Furthermore, we investigate its predictions in other scenarios, such as plasmas with substantially decreased minor radius and several magnetic configurations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Data Processing for Fusion Plasma Physics)
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15 pages, 6235 KiB  
Article
Real-Time Detection of Overloads on the Plasma-Facing Components of Wendelstein 7-X
by Aleix Puig Sitjes, Marcin Jakubowski, Dirk Naujoks, Yu Gao, Peter Drewelow, Holger Niemann, Joris Fellinger, Victor Moncada, Fabio Pisano, Chakib Belafdil, Raphael Mitteau, Marie-Hélène Aumeunier, Barbara Cannas, Josep Ramon Casas, Philippe Salembier, Rocco Clemente, Simon Fischer, Axel Winter, Heike Laqua, Torsten Bluhm, Karsten Brandt and The W7-X Teamadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(24), 11969; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411969 - 16 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2548
Abstract
Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is the leading experiment on the path of demonstrating that stellarators are a feasible concept for a future power plant. One of its major goals is to prove quasi-steady-state operation in a reactor-relevant parameter regime. The surveillance and protection of [...] Read more.
Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is the leading experiment on the path of demonstrating that stellarators are a feasible concept for a future power plant. One of its major goals is to prove quasi-steady-state operation in a reactor-relevant parameter regime. The surveillance and protection of the water-cooled plasma-facing components (PFCs) against overheating is fundamental to guarantee a safe steady-state high-heat-flux operation. The system has to detect thermal events in real-time and timely interrupt operation if it detects a critical event. The fast reaction times required to prevent damage to the device make it imperative to automate fully the image analysis algorithms. During the past operational phases, W7-X was equipped with inertially cooled test divertor units and the system still required manual supervision. With the experience gained, we have designed a new real-time PFC protection system based on image processing techniques. It uses a precise registration of the entire field of view against the CAD model to determine the temperature limits and thermal properties of the different PFCs. Instead of reacting when the temperature limits are breached in certain regions of interest, the system predicts when an overload will occur based on a heat flux estimation, triggering the interlock system in advance to compensate for the system delay. To conclude, we present our research roadmap towards a feedback control system of thermal loads to prevent unnecessary plasma interruptions in long high-performance plasmas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Data Processing for Fusion Plasma Physics)
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