Emission Control in Hybrid Vehicles
A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanical Engineering".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 18911
Special Issue Editors
Interests: fuel cell technology; heterogeneous catalysis; membrane technology; air management; physical models
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Interests: internal combustion engines; fuel injection and combustion; exhaust gas recirculation; optical diagnostics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
In an effort to reduce the impact of powertrain systems into the environment, a significant reduction of CO2 emissions is targeted for the upcoming years (15% by 2025 and 37.5% by 2030). In this sense, an increase of electrified vehicles sales is currently expected, especially in the case of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), including a gasoline engine. However, it is well known that current gasoline engines can provide up to 20% higher CO2 emission compared to an equivalent diesel engine for light-duty vehicle applications. For this reason, different technologies are being developed to mitigate CO2 emissions in gasoline engines. However, many of these concepts can induce additional challenges in terms of other pollutant emissions, which also have to meet very stringent regulations. For example, fuel enrichment at high loads (typical of highly turbocharged engines) as well as lean combustion typically lead to a significant increase of unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) and CO emissions. Additionally, lean combustion would need a complete rework of exhaust aftertreatment systems on gasoline engines, since traditional three-way catalysts (TWC) could not operate. Concepts based on gasoline direct injection with partial mixture stratification tend to produce an increase of particulate emissions linked to locally rich mixtures or wall wetting effects. Additionally, the integration of the gasoline engine into the hybrid electric vehicle stresses the operation of the exhaust aftertreatment systems which have to lead with these hazardous emissions. On the one side, the exhaust temperature heavily drops when the powertrain operates in battery electric mode. This implies that the three-way catalyst (TWC) can follow below the activation temperature by the time the engine is restarted. Additionally, more frequent operation under near cold-start conditions inside the cylinders can increase the production of particulate emissions.
This Special Issue encourages works from both industry and academia focused on the analysis of pollutant emissions formation and control on hybrid electric vehicles. These include (but are not limited to):
- Impact of advanced combustion concepts on engine-out emissions;
- Technologies to avoid fuel enrichment at high loads for turbocharged engines;
- Spray development and wall-wetting in early-injection conditions;
- Formation and characterization of soot emissions;
- Fuel composition effects on exhaust emissions;
- Emissions in engine cold-start operation;
- Characterization and modelling of exhaust aftertreatment systems;
- Development of control strategies for hybrid powertrains;
- Studies about hybrid powertrain emissions in driving cycles.
Prof. Dr. Pedro Piqueras
Dr. Joaquin de la Morena
Guest Editors
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Keywords
- Internal combustion engines
- Hybridization
- Exhaust aftertreatment systems
- Injection and combustion processes
- Air loop system integration
- Alternative fuels
- OBD
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