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Flexible and Printed Electronics
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Flexible and Printed Electronics

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 12618

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jongsu Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Advanced Components and Materials Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon-si, Republic of Korea
Interests: roll to roll process; coating; web handling; mechatronics; system dynamics modeling; control and instrumentation; control theory; systems dynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Changwoo Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: roll-to-roll printed electronics; web handling technology; machine-learning-based prognostic systems; smart data; smart factory
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Foldable and bendable devices have been commercialized, and the flexible electronics market has been rapidly expanded. Accordingly, flexible electronics have been considered as the next paradigm following the smartphone. Flexible and printed electronics have been significantly developed over the last two decades, from conductive films to biomedical products. However, there are still many scientific and engineering obstacles blocking the complete paradigm shift to flexible electronics.

This Special Issue aims to bring together the latest innovative advances in the materials, processes, and applications of flexible and printed electronics.

Topics for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following topics:

▪ Synthesis of organic and inorganic materials;

▪ Flexible and printed electronics;

▪ Stretchable electronics;

▪ Bioelectronics and biosensors;

▪ Coating and printing;

▪ Roll-to-roll manufacturing;

▪ Reliability in flexible and printed devices;

▪ Artificial intelligence in flexible and printed devices.

Prof. Jongsu Lee
Prof. Changwoo Lee
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • organic materials
  • inorganic materials
  • coating
  • printing
  • roll-to-roll
  • flexible device
  • printed device
  • stretchable device
  • reliability test
  • artificial intelligence

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

8 pages, 2742 KiB  
Article
Tulip-Shaped Pattern Imprinting for Omni-Phobic Surfaces Using Partially Cured Photopolymer
by Su Hyun Choi, Do Hyeog Kim, Seonjun Kim, Woo Young Kim, Seok Kim and Young Tae Cho
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 1747; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041747 - 16 Feb 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2177
Abstract
Functional films with hydrophobic, oleophobic, anti-fouling, anti-icing, anti-bacterial and low reflectance properties can be produced by patterning nano- or micro-structures on films via nano imprint lithography. Here, an omni-phobic surface showing both hydrophobicity and oleophobicity was obtained without chemical surface treatment by increasing [...] Read more.
Functional films with hydrophobic, oleophobic, anti-fouling, anti-icing, anti-bacterial and low reflectance properties can be produced by patterning nano- or micro-structures on films via nano imprint lithography. Here, an omni-phobic surface showing both hydrophobicity and oleophobicity was obtained without chemical surface treatment by increasing the surface roughness and deforming the pattern morphology using only nano imprint lithography and the oxygen-inhibited curing properties of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) resin. A tulip-shaped pattern imprinting process was designed in which microscale patterns were fabricated using a porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold with high oxygen transmission. During ultraviolet (UV) curing, a curing inhibiting layer was formed by reaction with oxygen. Next, a PDMS pad was used for the pressurized curing of the curing inhibition layer to modify the micro scale structures. Finally, final curing of the deformed pattern was performed using ultra high-power UV light. The deformation of the pattern into tulip-like shapes with increased surface roughness was confirmed by microscopy, and contact angle measurement was performed to confirm omni-phobicity. The final cured imprinted samples showed water and oil contact angles reaching 169.2° and 115°, respectively; thus, the omni-phobic surface could be demonstrated by a tulip-shaped pattern imprinting process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flexible and Printed Electronics)
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13 pages, 5090 KiB  
Article
Web Unevenness Due to Thermal Deformation in the Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing Process
by Minho Jo, Jongsu Lee, Seongyong Kim, Gyoujin Cho, Taik-Min Lee and Changwoo Lee
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(23), 8636; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238636 - 2 Dec 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2840
Abstract
In roll-to-roll (R2R) processing, web uniformity is a crucial factor that can guarantee high coating quality. To understand web defects due to thermal deformation, we analyzed the effect of web unevenness on the coating quality of an yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) layer, a brittle [...] Read more.
In roll-to-roll (R2R) processing, web uniformity is a crucial factor that can guarantee high coating quality. To understand web defects due to thermal deformation, we analyzed the effect of web unevenness on the coating quality of an yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) layer, a brittle electrolyte of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). We used finite-element analysis to study thermal and mechanical deformations at different drying temperature levels. A YSZ layer was also coated using R2R slot-die coating to observe the effect of web unevenness on coating quality. Web unevenness was generated by thermal deformation due to conduction and convection heat from the dryer. Because of varying web unevenness with time, the YSZ layer developed cracks. At higher drying temperatures, more coating defects with larger widths were generated. Results indicated that web unevenness at the coating section led to coating defects that could damage the SOFCs and decrease yield in the R2R process. Coating defects generated by web unevenness caused by convection and conduction heat should be considered in the high-volume production of brittle electrolytes using the R2R process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flexible and Printed Electronics)
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7 pages, 2477 KiB  
Article
Parylene-Based Flexible Microelectrode Arrays for the Electrical Recording of Muscles and the Effect of Electrode Size
by Bong-Jun Choi, Ju-Hwan Kim, Woo-Jin Yang, Dong-Jun Han, Jaewon Park and Dong-Wook Park
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(20), 7364; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10207364 - 21 Oct 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3166
Abstract
Miniaturized flexible microelectrode arrays are desirable for small-area surface electromyography (sEMG) to detect the electrical activity generated by muscles in a specific area of the body. Here, we present a flexible 8-channel microelectrode array with electrodes of diameter 150–300 μm for small-area sEMG [...] Read more.
Miniaturized flexible microelectrode arrays are desirable for small-area surface electromyography (sEMG) to detect the electrical activity generated by muscles in a specific area of the body. Here, we present a flexible 8-channel microelectrode array with electrodes of diameter 150–300 μm for small-area sEMG recordings. The microelectrode arrays based on a flexible Parylene C substrate recorded the sEMG signals from a curved skin surface with a maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 21.4 dB. The sEMG signals recorded from a small area of 17671–59325 μm2 showed a clear distinction between the signal and noise. Further, the sEMG data were analyzed in the frequency domain by converting the signals via fast Fourier transform (FFT), and it was verified that the proposed microelectrode could reliably record multichannel sEMGs over a small area. Moreover, a maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) experiment was performed to confirm the recording capability of the microelectrode array, which showed consistency with the previous reports. Finally, we demonstrated the effects of the electrode size by comparing the results for two different electrode sizes. When the electrode size was increased 3.37 times, the root-mean-square value of the amplitude (Vrms) increased 2.64 times, consequently increasing the SNR from 16.9 to 21.4 dB. This study demonstrates the expanded utility of Parylene-based flexible microelectrode arrays. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flexible and Printed Electronics)
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11 pages, 4638 KiB  
Article
Optimal Design of Pneumatic Flotation for Roll-to-Roll Conveyance in the Production of Printed Circuits
by Hyunkyoo Kang and Changwoo Lee
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(16), 5440; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165440 - 6 Aug 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2655
Abstract
Flexible printed electronic circuits have recently attracted attention as an alternative promising methodology due to the additive process being more environmentally friendly and using less raw material compared to conventional lithography and chemical vapor deposition. However, printed circuits produced by roll-to-roll (R2R) conveyance [...] Read more.
Flexible printed electronic circuits have recently attracted attention as an alternative promising methodology due to the additive process being more environmentally friendly and using less raw material compared to conventional lithography and chemical vapor deposition. However, printed circuits produced by roll-to-roll (R2R) conveyance are often scratched, which can result in breaks in the conductive tracks, cracks, or pinholes. This study investigated a proposed optimal design for an air bar for use in an R2R printing system. The optimal distance between the roll surface and floating substrate for preventing scratching of the printed circuit was investigated. The optimal design—including the blower frequency, size of air holes, and density of air holes—was investigated using simulations of fluid–structure interactions for estimating substrate behavior during pneumatic flotation. The distribution of air pressure in the space between the substrate and the surface of the air bar was calculated, and the deformation of the substrate by the air pressure was analyzed. The optimal design of the air bar was verified in numerical simulations and experiments using various conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flexible and Printed Electronics)
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