Grounding Systems in Transformation Centers

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue (SI) is devoted to presenting new developments and modeling as well as improvements in existing calculation methods to evaluate the response of grounding systems to low-frequency fault currents and lightning strikes. Analyzing the possibility of using materials other than copper for the construction of grounding electrodes in transformation centers is one of the matters of special interest since, among other consequences, the groundline location can be optimized to achieve the lowest possible ground resistance. In addition, it is necessary to evaluate the ampacity and heating by the Joule effect due to the internal resistance of the conductors. Assessing the effect of the deterioration of grounding electrodes due to oxidation, breakage, or insulation due to a lack of contact with the conductive soil is also addressed. In short, it is about evaluating compliance with the regulations applied to grounding systems, which may be unfulfilled due to the aforementioned changes. This topic is of great practical importance since it affects, on the one hand, the costs of the installation, and, on the other, the safety requirements that grounding systems must meet. New models, improved calculations, new measurement techniques, and other procedures are called to be published through this SI. Any contribution that studies the impact of such changes on the electrical parameters of electrodes is welcome. Likewise, any input on nondestructive, noninvasive, and nonintrusive methods useful in checking the status of grounding electrodes will also be appreciated.

Prof. Dr. Eduardo Faleiro
Prof. Dr. Gabriel Asensio
Prof. Gregorio Denche
Prof. Dr. Jorge Moreno
Guest Editors

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• transient response
• non-negligible internal impedance
• optimal groundline location
• grounding electrode heating
• ampacity study
• coated electrodes
• grounding system damage
• effects of electrode corrosion
• grounding malfunction detection test