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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 14374

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Winston Wole Soboyejo

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Guest Editor

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gateway Park Life Sciences Center, 60 Prescott Street, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), Worcester, MA 01605, USA
Interests: biomaterials; nanomaterials; nanoparticles for the detection and treatment of disease, mechanical properties of materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the design of nanoparticles for the detection and treatment of disease. These include nanoparticles for the detection and treatment of cancer and cardiovascular disease, which are two of the biggest killers of people in the world. Nanoparticle structures have also been developed for the specific targeting of poverty-related diseases (PRDs) that are often found in the developing world. These will be explored in this Special Issue, which will include contributions by researchers with diverse backgrounds in chemistry, physics, biology, materials science and engineering.

This Special Issue is divided into the following sections:

Nanoparticles for Cancer Detection and Treatment;
Nanoparticles for Cardiovascular Disease Detection and Treatment;
Nanoparticles for the Detection and Treatment of Poverty-Related Diseases.

In each of the above sections, the papers will explore new frontiers in the design of nanoparticle structures that can target specific receptors on the surfaces of diseased cells, tissues and organs. The papers will also consider the interactions between nanoparticles and receptors on the surfaces of diseased cells, as well as the effects of localized release by drug/nanoparticle systems. The implications of the studies will also be discussed for applications in disease detection and treatment.

Prof. Dr. Winston Wole Soboyejo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

Disease detection and treatment
Nanoparticles
Drugs
Localized release
Cancer
Cardiovascular disease and poverty-related diseases

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 8499 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH) Conjugated Magnetite Nanoparticles as MRI Contrast Agents for Breast Cancer Imaging

by Jingjie Hu, John Obayemi, Karen Malatesta, Edward Yurkow, Derek Adler and Winston Soboyejo

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(15), 5175; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10155175 - 28 Jul 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3144

Abstract

Targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents offer platforms for the specific detection of many diseases, including cancer. This study explores the applicability of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-conjugated PEG-coated magnetite nanoparticles (LHRH-MNPs) to the enhancement of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) detection. In vitro MRI studies were first performed, showing the consistent darkening effect of both MNPs and LHRH-MNPs in T2-weighted maps. Using a mouse model with an induced subcutaneous tumor, MNPs and LHRH-MNPs were injected into xenograft MDA-MB-231. This was done through intratumoral and intravenous injections, respectively, enabling direction comparisons of the two nanoparticles. Intratumorally injected LHRH-MNPs maintained T2 signals within the breast tumors up to two weeks, revealing long-term tumor enhancement ability, while the signal started to recover towards the contrast of the original tumor before injection in the case of MNPs at 24 h post injection. For intravenous administration, LHRH-MNPs continued to darken breast tumor 24 h following injection, whereas contrast enhancement was not obvious in animals injected with MNPs. These results show the potential of LHRH-MNPs as negative contrast agents for the specific detection of TNBC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and Therapies)

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8 pages, 1683 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization of Nonspherical Gold Nanoparticles for Photothermal Therapy

by Paerhatijiang Tuersun, Xiayiding Yakupu, Xiang’e Han and Yingzeng Yin

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(20), 4300; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204300 - 13 Oct 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2096

Abstract

Previous investigations devoted to the optimization of nonspherical gold nanoparticles for photothermal therapy (PTT) encountered two issues, namely, the appropriate selection of objective functions and the processing of particle random orientations. In this study, these issues were resolved, and accurate optimization results were obtained for the three typical nonspherical gold nanoparticles (nanospheroid, nanocylinder, and nanorod) by using the T-matrix method. The dependence of the optimization results on the excitation wavelength and the refractive index of tissue was investigated. Regardless of the excitation wavelength and tissue type, gold nanospheroids were found to be the most effective therapeutic agents for PTT. The light absorption ability of optimized nanoparticles could be enhanced by using a laser with a longer wavelength. Finally, the design tolerance for the different sizes of nanoparticles was provided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and Therapies)

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10 pages, 5539 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Targeting and Imaging of Neurogenic Differentiation in Mouse Bone-Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

by Sung-Kyu Kim, Dong-Kyu Lee, Hyung-Ju Lim and Uk Sim

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(16), 3259; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9163259 - 9 Aug 2019

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2645

Abstract

Spinal cord injuries (SCI) are well thought to be a crucial issue that roots various side effects for a patient during their entire lifetime. Although therapeutical methods to resolve the SCI are limited, stem cell therapy is determined to be a resolving factor since it possesses the ability to induce the neurogenic differentiation and the paracrine effect. However, stem cells are difficult to inject directly into the lesion, so they must be carefully guided through the spinal canal. Therefore, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are introduced as an instigator that makes the cells respond to the applied magnetic field. This study intends to report the synthesis strategy to develop SPIONs that could be used to treat the injury site by an applied magnetic field. SPION-internalized D1 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are observed consistently using a confocal fluorescence microscope to analyze the toxicity, maintenance, and monitoring points of intracellular SPIONs. The prepared SPIONs are much anticipated to increase the migration efficiency using magnetism, which was not cytotoxic. Hence, the prepared SPIONs can adeptly target the damaged neural tissue to promote tissue regeneration and treat nervous system disorders. This primary study stands as a focal point to solve SCI by stem cell migration effectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and Therapies)

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Review

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24 pages, 434 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Polymers and Polymer Nanocomposites for Cancer Therapy

by Dorel Feldman

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(18), 3899; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9183899 - 17 Sep 2019

Cited by 51 | Viewed by 6036

Abstract

Synthetic polymers, biopolymers, and their nanocomposites are being studied, and some of them are already used in different medical areas. Among the synthetic ones that can be mentioned are polyolefins, fluorinated polymers, polyesters, silicones, and others. Biopolymers such as polysaccharides (chitosan, hyaluronic acid, starch, cellulose, alginates) and proteins (silk, fibroin) have also become widely used and investigated for applications in medicine. Besides synthetic polymers and biopolymers, their nanocomposites, which are hybrids formed by a macromolecular matrix and a nanofiller (mineral or organic), have attracted great attention in the last decades in medicine and in other fields due to their outstanding properties. This review covers studies done recently using the polymers, biopolymers, nanocomposites, polymer micelles, nanomicelles, polymer hydrogels, nanogels, polymersomes, and liposomes used in medicine as drugs or drug carriers for cancer therapy and underlines their responses to internal and external stimuli able to make them more active and efficient. They are able to replace conventional cancer drug carriers, with better results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and Therapies)

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