Applied Sciences

Editorial

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2 pages, 152 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

3D Nanostructured Materials and Devices

by Junyong Park

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(14), 6273; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146273 - 7 Jul 2021

Viewed by 1322

Abstract

Advances in nanofabrication technology have allowed us to create high-level nanostructured materials that were previously unattainable [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Nanostructured Materials and Devices)

Research

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12 pages, 4336 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of Ti/Ni Nanolayered Structures to Be a New Candidate for Energy Storage Applications

by Osama Saber, Sajid Ali Ansari and Adil Alshoaibi

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(19), 6935; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10196935 - 3 Oct 2020

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2164

Abstract

Development of electrochemical supercapacitor electrode is the best way to improve the performance and conductivity of the alone materials and support energy storage devices. In this work, cyanate anions have used as building blocks to build series of nanolayered materials based on Ti/Ni [...] Read more.

Development of electrochemical supercapacitor electrode is the best way to improve the performance and conductivity of the alone materials and support energy storage devices. In this work, cyanate anions have used as building blocks to build series of nanolayered materials based on Ti/Ni layered double hydroxides (LDHs). The structural and morphological characteristics of the prepared Ti/Ni LDHs were examined using different techniques. The electrochemical supercapacitive behavior of the prepared LDHs was observed in the three-assembly electrochemical cell. These results showed that the optimized ratio of the nickel and titanium plays an important role to enhance the electrochemical performance of the LDHs. The optimized Ti/Ni LDHs, which has the highest content of titanium, showed the highest specific capacitance (675 F/g) value. In this trend, this LDH also retain a high percentage of the cyclic retention after long cyclic charging-discharging process. The enhanced performance could be due to the double layer structure, enough interplanar distance between the layer, and large number of exposed active site within the double layer structure of the LDHs. Finally, although there are no reports for the electrochemical supercapacitive performance of Ti/Ni LDHs in the literature, it is interesting to produce a new candidate for energy storage applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Nanostructured Materials and Devices)

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8 pages, 2838 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preparation, Sinterability, Electrical Transport and Thermal Expansion of Perovskite-Type La_0.8Ca_0.2CrO₃ Composites

by Linlin Liu, Mingmei Jiang, Juanjuan Yin, Wenfeng Guo and Tifeng Jiao

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(13), 4634; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10134634 - 4 Jul 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1793

Abstract

Perovskite-type was synthesized by two methods, the combustion method and conventional solid state reaction (SSR) method. The effect of synthesis methods on sinterability and physical properties of the ceramic were investigated. The results show that there are advantages of the combustion method in [...] Read more.

Perovskite-type was synthesized by two methods, the combustion method and conventional solid state reaction (SSR) method. The effect of synthesis methods on sinterability and physical properties of the ceramic were investigated. The results show that there are advantages of the combustion method in producing doped lanthanum chromites. Compared with the SSR method, the combustion method reduces the sintering temperature of La_0.8Ca_0.2CrO₃, elevates the electronic conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of the ceramic, due to optimizing the microstructure. At the same densities level (–93%), the specimen synthesized by the combustion method reaches a superior electrical conductivity of 31.6 S·cm^-1 and a compatible TEC of 10.7 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ at 800 °C. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Nanostructured Materials and Devices)

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9 pages, 1654 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Simultaneous Enhancement of Electrical and Optical Properties of Transparent Conducting RuO₂ Nanosheet films by Facile Ultraviolet-Ozone Irradiation

by Jong Wook Roh, Weon Ho Shin, Hyun-Sik Kim, Se Yun Kim and Sang-il Kim

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(12), 4127; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10124127 - 16 Jun 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2378

Abstract

The enhancement of electrical and optical properties in transparent conducting electrodes has attracted significant interest for their application in flexible electronic devices. Herein, a method for the fabrication of transparent conducting films is proposed. In this approach, RuO₂ nanosheets are synthesized by [...] Read more.

The enhancement of electrical and optical properties in transparent conducting electrodes has attracted significant interest for their application in flexible electronic devices. Herein, a method for the fabrication of transparent conducting films is proposed. In this approach, RuO₂ nanosheets are synthesized by a simple chemical exfoliation method and deposited as conducting films by repeated Langmuir–Blodgett coating. For enhancing the electrical and optical properties of the films, ultraviolet-ozone irradiation is applied between the repeated coatings for the removal of residual organic materials from the chemically exfoliated nanosheets. We observe that by applying ultraviolet-ozone irradiation for 30 min, the sheet resistance of the films decreases by 10% and the optical transmittance is simultaneously enhanced. Facile ultraviolet-ozone irradiation is shown to be an effective and industrially friendly method for enhancing the electrical and optical properties of oxide nanosheets for their application as transparent conduction electrodes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Nanostructured Materials and Devices)

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10 pages, 2898 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Investigation of Structural Stability for Monolithic Nano Bridges on Micro Apertures

by Jinwon Lee, Changwook Seol, Le Vu Nam, Segeun Jang, Junsoo Kim, In Kim, Yong-Sang Ryu and Sang Moon Kim

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(8), 2922; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10082922 - 23 Apr 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2876

Abstract

The instability of polymeric membranes with nano- and micro-sized apertures has been regarded as one of the main reasons behind realizing ultra-thin membranes with apertures. As is well known, when the thickness of the membrane gets thinner or the aperture size gets smaller, [...] Read more.

The instability of polymeric membranes with nano- and micro-sized apertures has been regarded as one of the main reasons behind realizing ultra-thin membranes with apertures. As is well known, when the thickness of the membrane gets thinner or the aperture size gets smaller, the possibility of geometrical deformation or structural damage by collapse or fracture increases. Herein, we suggest the design rules for the stability of polymeric membranes possessing 1D nano-line patterns monolithically constructed on micro-aperture supporting layers. The proposed theoretical model, which has been thoroughly demonstrated and analyzed based on both theoretical and experimental approaches, provides stability criteria for lateral collapse and vertical fracture of ultra-thin membranes with apertures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Nanostructured Materials and Devices)

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9 pages, 1979 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Plasmonics Induced Multifunction Optical Device via Hoof-Shaped Subwavelength Structure

by Kui Wen, Zhaojian Zhang, Xinpeng Jiang, Jie He and Junbo Yang

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(8), 2713; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10082713 - 15 Apr 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1724

Abstract

The electromagnetic spectrum includes the frequency range (spectrum) of electromagnetic radiation and its corresponding wavelength and energy. Due to the unique properties of different frequency ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum, a series of functional devices working in each frequency rang have been proposed. [...] Read more.

The electromagnetic spectrum includes the frequency range (spectrum) of electromagnetic radiation and its corresponding wavelength and energy. Due to the unique properties of different frequency ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum, a series of functional devices working in each frequency rang have been proposed. Here, we propose a periodic subwavelength hoof-shaped structure array, which contains a variety of geometric configurations, including U-shaped and rectangle structures. The results show that the enhanced optical transmission (EOT) effect of the surface plasmon excited by the hoof-shaped structure is highly sensitive to the polarization of the incident light, which leads to the peak’s location shift and the amplitude intensity variety of transmission peaks of U-shaped structure in the case of coupling based on the surface plasmon of rectangle structure. In addition, take advantage of the EOT effect realized in the periodic hoof-shaped structure array, we propose a multifunctional plasmon optical device in the infrared range. By adjusting the polarization angle of the incident light, the functions of the optical splitter in the near-infrared range and the optical switch in the mid-infrared range are realized. Moreover, with the changes of the polarization angle, different proportions of optical intensities split are realized. The device has theoretically confirmed the feasibility of designing multifunctional integrated devices through a hoof-shaped-based metamaterial nanostructure, which provides a broad prospect for the extensive use of multiple physical mechanisms in the future to achieve numerous functions in simple nanostructures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Nanostructured Materials and Devices)

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9 pages, 1684 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Thickness Uniformity Dependence on Polymer Viscosity in Silver-Nanowire-Embedded Flexible and Transparent Electrodes

by Moonsoo Chae, Dongwook Ko, Yoohan Ma, Sungjin Jo, Dong Choon Hyun, Hyeon-Ju Oh and Jongbok Kim

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(7), 2202; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10072202 - 25 Mar 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3723

Abstract

We herein report the effect of the viscosity of a prepolymer solution on the thickness uniformity of silver-nanowire-embedded flexible transparent electrodes. We adopted a model system with all the prepolymer solutions possessing identical physical properties except for the viscosity and then explored the [...] Read more.

We herein report the effect of the viscosity of a prepolymer solution on the thickness uniformity of silver-nanowire-embedded flexible transparent electrodes. We adopted a model system with all the prepolymer solutions possessing identical physical properties except for the viscosity and then explored the most common prepolymer solutions for silver-nanowire-embedded flexible electrodes. In all experiments, single-step spin coating was conducted to coat the prepolymer solution on silver nanowires. We found that the electrodes were thinner for lower viscosity. However, the thickness ratio between the center and edge was comparable (50–60%) and independent of the prepolymer solution viscosity. This indicates that the viscosity does not determine the thickness uniformity, and that the coating method itself is vital to obtain films with uniform thickness. The flexible electrodes were introduced into organic solar cells. Their device performance was comparable regardless of the position of the electrodes and their thickness. This is because the thickness difference of the flexible electrodes did not affect their transmittance significantly. Thus, we conclude that although different coating approaches are needed to obtain flexible electrodes with high uniformity, the performance of optoelectronic devices on silver-nanowire-embedded flexible electrodes is independent of them. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Nanostructured Materials and Devices)

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Review

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20 pages, 17619 KiB

Open AccessReview

Electroplated Functional Materials with 3D Nanostructures Defined by Advanced Optical Lithography and Their Emerging Applications

by Jinseong Ahn, Seokkyoon Hong, Young-Seok Shim and Junyong Park

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(24), 8780; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248780 - 8 Dec 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 7100

Abstract

Electroplating has been favored to date as a surface treatment technology in various industries in the development of semiconductors, automobiles, ships, and steel due to its advantages of being a simple, solution-based process, with low cost and high throughput. Recently, classical electroplating has [...] Read more.

Electroplating has been favored to date as a surface treatment technology in various industries in the development of semiconductors, automobiles, ships, and steel due to its advantages of being a simple, solution-based process, with low cost and high throughput. Recently, classical electroplating has been reborn as an advanced manufacturing process for functional materials by combining it with unconventional optical three-dimensional (3D) nanofabrication techniques capable of generating polymer templates with high-resolution 3D periodic nanostructures. The bottom-up filling behavior of electroplating rising from a seed layer makes it possible to densely fill the nanoporous network of the template with heterogeneous inorganic materials. At this time, understanding and optimizing the process parameters (e.g., additive, current density, type of current waveform, etc.) of electroplating is critical for defect control. In addition, since electroplating is generally performed near room temperature, unlike other thin film deposition techniques, structural damage to the polymer template by heat during electroplating is almost negligible. Based on the excellent compatibility of electroplating and optical 3D nanofabrication, innovative functional materials with 3D periodic nanostructures targeting electrochemical or energy-related applications have been created. In this mini review, a strategy for producing functional materials with 3D periodic nanostructures through a templating process will be covered, and the recent cases of successful applications to electrodes for energy storage devices, electrocatalysts, and thermoelectric materials will be summarized. We will also discuss technical issues that need to be considered in the process to improve the quality of the resulting functional materials with 3D nanoarchitectures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Nanostructured Materials and Devices)

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