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Advances in Orthodontic Diagnosis and Treatment: Methods and Applications

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 May 2025 | Viewed by 1943

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: interceptive orthodontics; dental anomalies; genetic; dentofacial orthopedics; digital orthodontics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli NA, Italy
Interests: digital dentistry; biomaterials; orthodontics; clear aligners; sleep dentistry; temporomandibular disorders
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: dentofacial orthopedics; impacted canine; radiology; interdisciplinary treatments; digital orthodontics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The last two decades have marked a decisive change in orthodontics. Technical and technological development, driven by the growing demand for a digital workflow, is increasingly moving towards the concept of “precision orthodontics”, applicable to both diagnostic and therapeutic aspects, with the aim of improving treatment efficiency.

In the field of diagnosis, the progress of artificial intelligence, the interdisciplinarity with other medical branches such as biomedicine, genomics, and proteomics, and the use of new dedicated tools are giving promising results. In treatment, new methods and applications such as virtual treatment planning, custom-made appliances, and CAD/CAM technologies are emerging.

This Special Issue focuses on the current state of advancement in diagnosis and treatment in orthodontics, as well as on challenges that will certainly benefit from translational research. Articles dealing with topics such as digital, precision, and customized orthodontics, artificial intelligence, teleorthodontics, clear aligners, 3D printing, virtual treatment planning, CAD/CAM technology, and translational research are welcome.

In particular, we look forward to receiving research articles, systematic and comprehensive reviews, and case reports (accompanied by documentation highlighting the use of advanced technologies and unique treatment methods).

We hope that many of you will participate, embracing the belief that sharing methods and applications can enhance the attractiveness and efficacy of the wonderful discipline of orthodontics.

Dr. Rosanna Guarnieri
Prof. Dr. Vincenzo D'Antò
Prof. Dr. Ersilia Barbato
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • digital orthodontics
  • precision orthodontics
  • customized appliances
  • artificial intelligence
  • teleorthodontics
  • aligners
  • 3D printing
  • virtual treatment planning
  • digital workflow
  • CAD/CAM

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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10 pages, 910 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Forces and Moments in Canine Bodily Movement with Different Clear Aligners’ Extraction Space Designs
by Youn-Kyung Choi, Sung-Hun Kim, Hae Ryoun Park, Seong-Sik Kim and Yong-Il Kim
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(17), 7619; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177619 - 28 Aug 2024
Viewed by 497
Abstract
This study aimed to optimize space closure efficiency by comparing the forces and moments exerted by different designs of clear aligners (CAs) during the movement of maxillary canines into the premolar extraction space. The forces and moments were measured using a multi-axis force/moment [...] Read more.
This study aimed to optimize space closure efficiency by comparing the forces and moments exerted by different designs of clear aligners (CAs) during the movement of maxillary canines into the premolar extraction space. The forces and moments were measured using a multi-axis force/moment transducer on the maxillary right canine. The CAs were fabricated from thermoformed polyethylene terephthalate glycol. The following four edentulous space designs were tested: the edentulous space was left intact (Group 1); the edentulous space was replaced with a premolar pontic (Group 2); the edentulous space was replaced with a half-sized premolar pontic (Group 3); and the edentulous space was replaced with a rectangular column beam (Group 4). The maxillary right canine was moved 0.25 mm distally. All groups experienced buccodistal and intrusive forces; compared with the other groups, Group 1 showed significantly greater intrusive and smaller distal forces, and Group 4 showed significantly greater distal forces. All groups experienced distal tilting, lingual inclination, and mesial rotational moments. These findings suggest that modifying the thickness and extent of the adjacent teeth in the edentulous area of the CA can improve local stiffness, thereby reducing the tipping of the teeth into the edentulous space. This study emphasizes the importance of the CA design in controlling forces and moments for effective orthodontic treatment. Full article
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Other

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24 pages, 726 KiB  
Systematic Review
Discrepancies in Cephalometric Analysis Results between Orthodontists and Radiologists and Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review
by Piotr Smołka, Kamil Nelke, Natalia Struzik, Kamila Wiśniewska, Sylwia Kiryk, Julia Kensy, Wojciech Dobrzyński, Jan Kiryk, Jacek Matys and Maciej Dobrzyński
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(12), 4972; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14124972 - 7 Jun 2024
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Abstract
Cephalometry is a crucial examination in orthodontic diagnostics and during the planning of orthognathic surgical procedures. The objective of this article was to compare cephalometric measurements conducted by different specialists and systems tailored for such measurements, as well as to evaluate the capabilities [...] Read more.
Cephalometry is a crucial examination in orthodontic diagnostics and during the planning of orthognathic surgical procedures. The objective of this article was to compare cephalometric measurements conducted by different specialists and systems tailored for such measurements, as well as to evaluate the capabilities of artificial intelligence in this field. In January 2024, we conducted electronic searches in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) databases. In the Scopus database, the results were refined to titles, abstracts, and keywords, while in PubMed, they were narrowed down to titles and abstracts. In WoS, the results were refined only to abstracts. The search criteria were based on the following terms: (cephalometric) AND (analysis) AND (discrepancy) AND ((orthodontic) OR (radiologist)). A total of 263 articles were identified, of which 17 met the criteria and were incorporated into the review. The review allowed us to conclude that the accuracy of cephalometric measurements relied on the expertise of the operator—specialists with more experience exhibited greater precision compared to novices or individuals not specialized in orthodontics. Cephalometric measurement computer programs yielded outcomes that streamlined work processes, minimized human errors, and enhanced precision. A novel aspect involved the application of artificial intelligence, which also demonstrated high precision and a substantial reduction in working time, although its utilization still necessitates further enhancements. Further research was required to address these limitations and to optimize the incorporation of technology in orthodontic and orthognathic surgery practices. Full article
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: Surgical navigation in cleidocranial dysplasia needing multiple extractions and uncovering of unerupted teeth
Authors: Maria Costanza Meazzini
Affiliation: Regional Center of Cleft Lip and Palate, Department of Maxillo Facial Surgery, Santi Paolo and Carlo Hospital, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy

Title: Predictability of transverse changes with MARPE using HU in CBCT
Authors: Javier Echarri; María José González-Olmo; Martín Romero; Manuel O. Lagravère; Martín Romero-Maroto
Affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain

Title: Compare the accuracy and reproducibility of the EinScan H2 with respect to the Vectra M3 3D Imaging System and to anthropometric measurements
Authors: Luca Lombardo; Federica Pellitteri
Affiliation: Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Abstract: Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the accuracy and reproducibility of the EinScan H2 (SHINING 3D, Hangzhou, China) with respect to the Vectra M3 3D Imaging System (Canfield Scientific, Parsippany, NJ.) and to anthropometric measurements. Material and Methods: Twenty subjects have been scanned with two different facial scanning systems. Linear measurements were compared with direct anthropometries measured on the patient’s face, while the study of areas (forehead, tip of the nose, chin, right and left cheek) was evaluated by overlapping scans using the Geomagic Control X program. The analyses were performed using IBM SPSS v28 software, except for the power analysis which was conducted using R v4.2.1. Results: The descriptive analysis of linear measurements taken showed high repeatability with all Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) values above 0.90. A paired Wilcoxon test revealed no significant differences (p>0.05) between measurements, indicating similarity across three instruments. Point measurements, also with ICC values above 0.90, confirming excellent repeatability. A single-sample Wilcoxon test showed no significant differences (p>0.05) in median values. Area measurements showed over 70% of overlapping surfaces within a highly reproducible band (0.5 mm to -0.5 mm). Conclusions: Both scanning systems investigated in the current study can be considered an accurate acquisition systems proved to be effective in capturing 3D images of the face.

Title: Metal release and cell viability of 316L stainless steel coated with a-C:H coatings: the influence of low nitrogen doping
Authors: A. Fróis; J.R. Marques; L.F. Santos; C.S. Louro; A.C. Santos
Affiliation: University of Coimbra and University of Lisbon, Portugal

Title: Reproducibility and accuracy of two facial scanners: a 3D in-vivo study
Authors: Federica Pellitteri; Marta Calza; Giacomo Baldi; Matteo De Maio; Luca Lombardo
Affiliation: University of Ferrara
Abstract: Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the accuracy and reproducibility of the EinScan H2 (SHINING 3D, Hangzhou, China) with respect to the Vectra M3 3D Imaging System (Canfield Scientific, Parsippany, NJ.) and to anthropometric measurements. Methods: Twenty subjects have been scanned with two different facial scanning systems. Linear measurements were compared with direct anthropometries measured on the patient’s face, while the study of areas (forehead, tip of the nose, chin, right and left cheek) was evaluated by overlapping scans after best fit-alignment using the Geomagic Control X program. The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS v28 software, except for the power analysis which was conducted using R v4.2.1. Results: Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) reported high repeatability in linear and point measurement with all values >0.90. The paired-sample Wilcoxon test revealed no significant differences (p>0.05) between linear measurements, indicating similarity across three instruments, as well as for point analysis, where a single-sample Wilcoxon test showed no significant differences (p>0.05) in median values. All cephalometric points showed a difference between the two instruments within the range from 0.5mm to -0.5mm, except for the subnasal point (0.73mm). Area measurements showed over 70% of overlapping surfaces within a highly reproducible band (0.5 mm to -0.5 mm). Conclusion: Both scanning systems investigated in the current study can be considered accurate acquisition systems proved to be effective in capturing 3D images of the patient’s face.

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