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Advanced Technologies in Electromagnetic Compatibility
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Advanced Technologies in Electromagnetic Compatibility

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Physics General".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2022) | Viewed by 16942

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alfredo De Leo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Information Engineering Department, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
Interests: electromagnetic models; electromagnetic fields and biological beings; remote sensing of physiological activities; electromagnetic
Prof. Guillaume Andrieu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Assistant Professor at the XLIM Laboratory, University of Limoges, 87032 Limoges, France
Interests: His current research interests include coupling on cables and electromagnetic compatibility testing including reverberation chambers and bulk current injection tests
Dr. Alessandro Giuseppe D’Aloia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eu-dossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
2. Research Center on Nanotechnology Applied to Engineering of Sapienza (CNIS), Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
Interests: development and electromagnetic modeling of graphene-based nanocomposites and nanostructured materials for electromagnetic compatibility and sensing applications; radar absorbing materials; piezoresistive sensors; wearable sensor technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I am pleased to propose a Special Issue of Applied Sciences journal, entitled "Advanced Technologies in Electromagnetic Compatibility."

EMC rules the maximum emission levels and the minimum immunity requirements for the devices at the scope to ensure their correct interoperability in the real operational environment. Due to the growing exposition of human beings to the electromagnetic fields, the EMC field also studies the effect of the non-ionizing radiations and it establishes the physical quantities involved in such phenomena and their biological effect in function of the exposure values.

Historically, EMC was born in the last century, when the electromagnetic environment was significantly different with respect to the one in which we are living; for this reason EMC is a science that is in constant evolution and it always faces new fields of application. At this scope, in this issue all the newest EMC topics will be investigated.

As regards the test environments, the use of reverberation chambers has grown in importance and its use is ruled by international standards.

The increasing use of electric or hybrid vehicles suggests the issue of safety assessment in car electric recharging, in particular in regards to the wireless transfer protocol.

More traditional topics, as shielding, absorbing, and gasketing are a subject in evolution, because new materials and techniques are being developed, as are the procedures to measure their performances. Nano- and meta-materials are topics that are rapidly evolving in the aim of solving these issues.

Finally, a particular attention should be focused on EMC in medical environment, where both devices and human beings have particular restrictions aimed to ensure higher levels of safety.

For all these reasons, I would like to invite you to submit papers describing your research activity on advanced technology in electromagnetic compatibility.

Dr. Alfredo De Leo
Prof. Guillaume Andrieu
Dr. Alessandro Giuseppe D’Aloia
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • electromagnetic compatibility
  • emissions
  • immunity
  • safety
  • shielding
  • nanomaterials
  • metamaterials
  • EMC in medical environment

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Published Papers (8 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

3 pages, 181 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue on Advanced Technologies in Electromagnetic Compatibility
by Alfredo De Leo
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(18), 8975; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12188975 - 7 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1212
Abstract
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) rules the maximum emission levels and the minimum immunity requirements for devices at the scope to ensure their correct interoperability in a real operational environment [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Electromagnetic Compatibility)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

13 pages, 5038 KiB  
Article
Smooth Bend Structures Using Hybrid Compensation for Common-Mode Noise Reduction
by Ding-Bing Lin, Mei-Hui Wang and Yong-Lun Huang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(13), 6479; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12136479 - 26 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2120
Abstract
The proposed smooth bend structure was implemented with a 150-degree bend to reduce the asymmetrical part of the differential bend and thus prevent mode conversion loss and common-mode noise. The smooth bend structure maintained the differential signal integrity. In addition, we proposed several [...] Read more.
The proposed smooth bend structure was implemented with a 150-degree bend to reduce the asymmetrical part of the differential bend and thus prevent mode conversion loss and common-mode noise. The smooth bend structure maintained the differential signal integrity. In addition, we proposed several hybrid compensation methods to enhance common-mode noise suppression and concluded that a smooth bend using the “L-C-L” compensation method offered the best performance. The frequency-domain analysis, from direct current (DC) to 6 GHz, was suppressed below 17.3 dB for the differential to common-mode conversion loss (Scd21) and maintained a differential insertion loss (Sdd21) above 2.18 dB. Furthermore, the 150-degree bend, using the “L-C-L” compensation method, reduced common-mode noise by 48.9% compared with a 150-degree bend structure in the time-domain analysis. The significant advantage of the proposed structure is that it can be easily fabricated using the printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing process, reducing costs. The measurement results of the proposed design showed good consistency with the simulations. The proposed hybrid compensation structure successfully reduced the undesirable effects caused by asymmetry; as a result, mode conversion suppression was improved, and common-mode noise was reduced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Electromagnetic Compatibility)
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10 pages, 1612 KiB  
Article
Mitigation of Electro Magnetic Interference by Using C-Shaped Composite Cylindrical Device
by Yu-Lin Song, Manoj Kumar Reddy, Hung-Yung Wen and Luh-Maan Chang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(2), 882; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020882 - 16 Jan 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2188
Abstract
The extremely low-frequency (ELF) and its corresponding electromagnetic field influences the yield of CMOS processes in the foundry, especially for high-end equipment such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) systems, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) systems, focused ion beam (FIB) systems, and electron beam lithography [...] Read more.
The extremely low-frequency (ELF) and its corresponding electromagnetic field influences the yield of CMOS processes in the foundry, especially for high-end equipment such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) systems, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) systems, focused ion beam (FIB) systems, and electron beam lithography (E-Beam) systems. There are several techniques to mitigate electromagnetic interference (EMI), among which active shielding systems and passive shielding methods are widely used. An active shielding system is used to generate an internal electromagnetic field to reduce the detected external electromagnetic field in electric coils with the help of the current. Although the active shielding system reduces the EMI impact, it induces an internal electromagnetic field that could affect the function of nearby tools and/or high-performance probes. Therefore, in this study, we have used a C-shaped cylindrical device combined with an active shielding system and passive shielding techniques to reduce EMI for online monitoring and to overcome the aforementioned issues. In this study, the active shielding system was wrapped with a permalloy composite material (i.e., a composite of nickel and iron alloy) as a tubular device. A C-shaped opening was made on the tubular structure vertically or horizontally to guide the propagation of the electromagnetic field. This C-shaped cylindrical device further reduced electromagnetic noise up to −5.06 dB and redirected the electromagnetic field toward the opening direction on the cylindrical device. The results demonstrated a practical reduction of the electromagnetic field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Electromagnetic Compatibility)
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11 pages, 1404 KiB  
Article
Laplace Transform for Finite Element Analysis of Electromagnetic Interferences in Underground Metallic Structures
by Andrea Cristofolini, Arturo Popoli, Leonardo Sandrolini, Giacomo Pierotti and Mattia Simonazzi
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(2), 872; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020872 - 15 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2074
Abstract
A numerical methodology is proposed for the calculation of transient electromagnetic interference induced by overhead high-voltage power lines in metallic structures buried in soil—pipelines for oil or gas transportation. A series of 2D finite element simulations was employed to sample the harmonic response [...] Read more.
A numerical methodology is proposed for the calculation of transient electromagnetic interference induced by overhead high-voltage power lines in metallic structures buried in soil—pipelines for oil or gas transportation. A series of 2D finite element simulations was employed to sample the harmonic response of a given geometry section. The numerical inverse Laplace transform of the results allowed obtaining the time domain evolution of the induced voltages and currents in the buried conductors, for any given condition of the power line. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Electromagnetic Compatibility)
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20 pages, 4726 KiB  
Article
A Novel Electromagnetic Compatibility Evaluation Method for Receivers Working under Pulsed Signal Interference Environment
by Shaoxiong Cai, Yaoyao Li, Heng Zhu, Xiaolin Wu and Donglin Su
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(20), 9454; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11209454 - 12 Oct 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2248
Abstract
For wireless communication systems, receivers usually work under complex electromagnetic environments and are often susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI). With the wide application of pulse signals in various fields, the impact of pulse signals on the receivers of communication system has not been [...] Read more.
For wireless communication systems, receivers usually work under complex electromagnetic environments and are often susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI). With the wide application of pulse signals in various fields, the impact of pulse signals on the receivers of communication system has not been extensively studied. On the one hand, the existing receiver electromagnetic sensitivity (EMS) interference coupling effect is mainly analyzed from the perspective of energy only, without considering of different electromagnetic parameter characteristics of pulse signal, such as pulse width, repetition period, duty cycle and so on. On the other hand, there is a lack of quantitative characterization of typical performance indexes of receiver subject to pulsed interference environment, resulting in insufficient reliability and accuracy of receiver interference degree prediction and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) evaluation. This paper focuses on the EMS interference coupling effect analysis and EMC evaluation method of receiver under pulsed interference environment. First, based on the analysis of the interference mechanism of the pulse signal on receivers, the formula for the bit error ratio (BER) is derived. Then a system model is proposed to verify the theoretical analysis results through numerical simulation. With the established relationship between the parameters of the pulsed interference and the BER performance of the receiver, a novel EMC evaluation method has been proposed. As a practical application example, the evaluation method is verified via a well-designed experiment on BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). The experiment shows that the observed phenomena are in good agreement with the conclusions of the proposed evaluation method, proving that the method is applicable to the EMC evaluation of receiver under pulsed signal interference environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Electromagnetic Compatibility)
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17 pages, 5158 KiB  
Article
Model-Based Analysis and Improvement of Vehicle Radiation Emissions at Low Frequency
by Feng Gao, Qing Wang and Yu Xiong
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(17), 8250; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11178250 - 6 Sep 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2267
Abstract
With the development of electrification and intelligence, the electromagnetic environment of intelligent and electric vehicles becomes complicated and critical because of the high voltage/current of power components, the computation units with high frequency and the dense radio systems. These pose great challenges for [...] Read more.
With the development of electrification and intelligence, the electromagnetic environment of intelligent and electric vehicles becomes complicated and critical because of the high voltage/current of power components, the computation units with high frequency and the dense radio systems. These pose great challenges for the design of vehicle radiation emissions. To improve the development efficiency, a model-based analysis and improvement strategy is proposed. Firstly, a topological approach is presented to decouple and model the vehicle-level radiation problem. By this topological model, each technical factor is analyzed from both of its contribution and sensitivity to the radiation emission, which are further integrated together using the entropy weight method to generate the technical evaluation score. Then, other untechnical factors, i.e., the cost and application difficulty, are further combined with the technical evaluation results by the analytic hierarchy process to determine the final solution. This strategy has been applied to solve a radiation problem of an electric vehicle at low frequency to validate its effectiveness and show some application details. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Electromagnetic Compatibility)
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13 pages, 2143 KiB  
Article
Optimization of the Measurement Technique for Emissions in Reverberation Chamber Using the Equivalence Principle
by Alfredo De Leo, Graziano Cerri, Paola Russo and Valter Mariani Primiani
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(16), 7696; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11167696 - 21 Aug 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1346
Abstract
This paper presents an optimization of a method to reconstruct the radiated emissions of an equipment under test by the measurement of the electric field samples collected on the walls of a reverberation chamber. This means that only the orthogonal component of the [...] Read more.
This paper presents an optimization of a method to reconstruct the radiated emissions of an equipment under test by the measurement of the electric field samples collected on the walls of a reverberation chamber. This means that only the orthogonal component of the electric field is necessary to obtain the radiative behavior of the device in free space conditions. The use of the equivalence principle allows one to reduce the number of equivalent sources used to reconstruct the radiation of the device. In fact, in the previous version of the method, the sources are placed into the entirety of working volume of the reverberation chamber. In the current version of the method, only the surface surrounding the equipment under test is discretized. The analytical implementation of the method is proposed for a particular stirring action: the multiple monopole source stirring technique. This technique is based on an array of monopoles placed onto the walls of the cavity, and therefore no further hardware is needed for the reconstruction of the radiated emissions. The method is experimentally validated in a real scenario. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Electromagnetic Compatibility)
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26 pages, 1707 KiB  
Article
About the Use of Generalized Forms of Derivatives in the Study of Electromagnetic Problems
by Giulio Antonini, Giuseppe Dattoli, Fabrizio Frezza, Silvia Licciardi and Fabrizio Loreto
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(16), 7505; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11167505 - 16 Aug 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1625
Abstract
The use of non-local operators, defining Riemann–Liouville or Caputo derivatives, is a very useful tool to study problems involving non-conventional diffusion problems. The case of electric circuits, ruled by non-integer derivatives or capacitors with fractional dielectric permittivity, is a fairly natural frame of [...] Read more.
The use of non-local operators, defining Riemann–Liouville or Caputo derivatives, is a very useful tool to study problems involving non-conventional diffusion problems. The case of electric circuits, ruled by non-integer derivatives or capacitors with fractional dielectric permittivity, is a fairly natural frame of relevant applications. We use techniques, involving generalized exponential operators, to obtain suitable solutions for this type of problems and eventually discuss specific problems in applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Electromagnetic Compatibility)
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