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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2020) | Viewed by 23492

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Prof. Dr. Yu-Hsien Lin

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Guest Editor

Dept. Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Rd., Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
Interests: autonomous underwater vehicle; ocean engineering; ocean renewable energy; intelligent image-base recognition and underwater guidance system
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This special issue mainly aims to honor the extraordinary works of professional scholars or experts who attend the 33rd Asian-Pacific Technical Exchange and Advisory Meeting on Marine Structures (TEAM 2019) in National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City. It provides a medium for presentation and discussion of the latest developments in research, design, fabrication and in-service experience relating to marine structures or ships. This special issue covers several topics as below:

External and/or Internal Loads for Ships and Marine Structures
Structural Response of Ships and Marine Structures due to Linear/Non-Linear Wave Loads
Structural Performance of Ships and Marine Structures
Structural Design Criteria and/or Structural Design Method of Ships and Marine Structures
CAD/CAM/CIM in Shipbuilding
Production Technique of Ships and Marine Structures
Noise and Vibration Problems
Offshore Structures Problems
Marine Corrosion
Marine and Offshore Renewable Energies
Others

The conference papers accepted for potentially publishing in the journal must be original and will be refereed to a high standard. They may include new research findings, together with developments in design methodology and fabrication techniques. Conferences must be significantly extended in length at least by 50%, i.e. at least 16 pages long or more in Applied Sciences template. Hence, compared to the original conference paper, it must contain new results not described in the conference paper and not published elsewhere so far. All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process.

Prof. Yu-Hsien Lin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Ship
Marine Structure
Structural Response
Structural Performance
Structural Design
Marine and Offshore Renewable Energies

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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26 pages, 8485 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hydrodynamic Simulation of the Semi-Submersible Wind Float by Investigating Mooring Systems in Irregular Waves

by Yu-Hsien Lin and Cheng-Hao Yang

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(12), 4267; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10124267 - 22 Jun 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4038

Abstract

The present study aims to implement the software ANSYS AQWA to discuss the hydrodynamic analysis of the DeepCwind semi-submersible floating platform in waves based on the potential flow theory by considering the second-order wave exciting force. In this study, the linearized potential-flow hydrodynamic radiation and diffraction problems in the frequency domain were firstly solved by adopting the three-dimensional panel method. Subsequently, the hydrodynamic coefficients and wave loading data were transformed to time domain forms by the Cummins time domain equation as a system loading input. Furthermore, the quadratic transfer function (QTF) matrices with different frequencies and directions deduced based on the near field integration over the mean wetted hull surface were adopted for the calculation of slow-drift forces. In order to represent the damping in a real system for modeling potential flow without Morison’s elements, an additional quadratic damping matrix was added to capture the viscous drag. Eventually, both of the dynamic mooring model based on the lump-mass (LM) approach and the quasi-static mooring model based on the multi-segmented, quasi-static (MSQS) approach are introduced to discuss the mooring effect on the platform hydrodynamics. The effect of wave heading angles on the platform motion is considered as an influential parameter as well. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ships and Marine Structures)

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14 pages, 6194 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Statistical Analysis of Vertical and Torsional Whipping Response Based on Full-Scale Measurement of a Large Container Ship

by Ryo Hanada, Tetsuo Okada, Yasumi Kawamura and Tetsuji Miyashita

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(8), 2978; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10082978 - 24 Apr 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2607

Abstract

In this study, as a preliminary attempt to reveal the whipping response of large container ships in actual seaways, the stress monitoring data of an 8600 TEU large container ship were analyzed. The measurement lasted approximately five years, and using a large amount of data, we investigated how the sea state and operational conditions affected the whipping response. In addition, the midship longitudinal stresses were decomposed into hull girder vertical bending, horizontal bending, and torsional and axial components. Thereafter, we found that the whipping magnitude on the torsional and horizontal bending components is much smaller than that on the vertical bending component. Future research would include the analysis of a larger amount of data, analysis of other sensor data, and effects of various patterns of vibrational response on the ultimate strength and fatigue strength. The obtained results will benefit the future design and operation of large container ships for safer navigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ships and Marine Structures)

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21 pages, 7895 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nonlinear Optimal Control Law of Autonomous Unmanned Surface Vessels

by Yung-Yue Chen, Chun-Yen Lee, Shao-Han Tseng and Wei-Min Hu

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(5), 1686; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10051686 - 2 Mar 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2522

Abstract

For energy conservation, nonlinear-optimal-control-law design for marine surface vessels has become a crucial ocean technology for the current ship industry. A well-controlled marine surface vessel with optimal properties must possess accurate tracking capability for accomplishing sailing missions. To achieve this design target, a closed-form nonlinear optimal control law for the trajectory- and waypoint-tracking problem of autonomous marine surface vessels (AUSVs) is presented in this investigation. The proposed approach, based on the optimal control concept, can be effectively applied to generate control commands on marine surface vessels operating in sailing scenarios where ocean environmental disturbances are random and unpredictable. In general, it is difficult to directly obtain a closed-form solution from this optimal tracking problem. Fortunately, by having the adequate choice of state-variable transformation, the nonlinear optimal tracking problem of autonomous marine surface vessels can be converted into a solvable nonlinear time-varying differential equation. The solved closed-form solution can also be acquired with an easy-to-implement control structure for energy-saving purposes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ships and Marine Structures)

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20 pages, 14795 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Study of Slamming Effects on Wedge and Cylindrical Surfaces

by Byoungcheon Seo and Hyunkyoung Shin

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(4), 1503; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10041503 - 22 Feb 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2678

Abstract

Slamming is a very significant phenomenon that occurs in marine structures operating under extreme conditions. Slamming significantly reduces the design life of floating offshore wind turbines, as well as marine structures, and causes structural damage. Thus, the slamming load should be considered sufficiently during the design phase of the structure, and the results of experiments of good quality should be incorporated. The phenomenon of slamming should be analyzed using peak pressure, width, duration, and dynamic loads that depend on the design and natural frequency of the structure. In the case of a slamming experiment, the deadrise angle shows the greatest pressure between 3° to 10°. In this study, pressure values were compared using a model with a deadrise angle of 10° and a cylinder model most commonly used for the fabrication and installation of offshore structures. The peak pressure of the cylindrical model is greater than those of the flat model and the wedge model with a 10° deadrise angle. Pressure and strain were measured using free drops from heights of 1.0 and 1.7 m from the water surface, and the elastic effects were studied accordingly. Also, the peak pressure due to a slamming impact occurs several times depending on the natural frequency of the structure. In order to understand the behavior of the structure against the elastic effect, the second peak in the experimental results was theoretically and experimentally analyzed. The second pressure peak is greater than the first pressure peak due to the elastic behavior effects based on the natural frequency of models used in the slamming test. Also, a single slamming results in several peak pressures and it greatly deteriorates the fatigue strength. Experiments and simulations were carried out to derive the effects of repeated slamming loads on the structure. In the structural design considering the slamming loads, information on the elastic effect of the structure and accumulated loads is very important. This can be an important variable in the design of the floater and can play an important role in assessing the impact on the floater. These results raise questions as to the extent that slamming pressures are replaced with equivalent hydrostatic pressures in most design rules of the recognized certification society. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ships and Marine Structures)

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18 pages, 7121 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Control Design of a Swarm of Intelligent Robots: A Closed-Form H₂ Nonlinear Control Approach

by Yung-Hsiang Chen and Shi-Jer Lou

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(3), 1055; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10031055 - 5 Feb 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1723

Abstract

A closed-form H₂ approach of a nonlinear trajectory tracking design and practical implementation of a swarm of wheeled mobile robots (WMRs) is presented in this paper. For the nonlinear trajectory tracking problem of a swarm of WMRs, the design purpose is to point out a closed-form H₂ nonlinear control method that analytically fulfills the H₂ control performance index. The key and primary contribution of this research is a closed-form solution with a simple control structure for the trajectory tracking design of a swarm of WMRs is an absolute achievement and practical implementation. Generally, it is challenging to solve and find out the closed-form solution for this nonlinear trajectory tracking problem of a swarm of WMRs. Fortunately, through a sequence of mathematical operations for the trajectory tracking error dynamics between the control of a swarm of WMRs and desired trajectories, this H₂ trajectory tracking problem is equal to solve the nonlinear time-varying Riccati-like equation. Additionally, the closed-form solution of this nonlinear time-varying Riccati-like equation will be acquired with a straightforward form. Finally, for simulation-controlled performance of this H₂ proposed method, two testing scenarios, circular and S type reference trajectories, were applied to performance verification. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ships and Marine Structures)

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16 pages, 474 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Approach to Fixed-Time Stabilization for a Class of Uncertain Second-Order Nonlinear Systems

by Chih-Chiang Chen and Guan-Shiun Chen

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(1), 424; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10010424 - 6 Jan 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5200

Abstract

This paper is concerned with the problem of fixed-time stabilization for a class of uncertain second-order nonlinear systems. By delicately introducing extra manipulations in the feedback domination and revamping the technique of adding a power integrator, a new approach is developed, by which a state feedback controller, together with a suitable Lyapunov function, which is critical for verifying fixed-time convergence, can be explicitly organized to render the closed-loop system fixed-time stable. The major novelty of this paper is attributed to a subtle strategy that offers a distinct perspective in controller design as well as stability analysis in the problem of fixed-time stabilization for nonlinear systems. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to the attitude stabilization of a spacecraft to demonstrate its merits and effectiveness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ships and Marine Structures)

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17 pages, 10999 KiB

Open AccessTechnical Note

Experimental Analysis of a Visual-Recognition Control for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle in a Towing Tank

by Chao-Ming Yu and Yu-Hsien Lin

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(7), 2480; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10072480 - 4 Apr 2020

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3908

Abstract

In this study, underwater recognition technology and a fuzzy control system were adopted to adjust the attitude and revolution speed of a self-developed autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). To validate the functionality of visual-recognition control, an experiment was conducted in the towing tank at the Department of Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering, National Cheng Kung University. An underwater lighting box was towed by a towing carriage at low speed. By adding real-time contour approximation and a circle-fitting algorithm to the image-processing procedure, the relationship between the AUV and the underwater lighting box was calculated. Both rudder plane angles and propeller revolution speeds were determined after the size and location of the lighting box was measured in the image. Finally, AUV performance with visual-recognition control was verified by controlling the target object in the image center during passage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ships and Marine Structures)

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