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Applied Sciences
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Microbial Lipids: Novel Advances and Applications
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Microbial Lipids: Novel Advances and Applications

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2023) | Viewed by 3944

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marlene Lopes

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Guest Editor
Bioprocesses and Biosystems Laboratory, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
Interests: reactors; by-products; yeasts and fungi; lignocellulosic biomass; microbial oils; biodiesel
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Isabel Belo

E-Mail Website1 Website2 Website3
Guest Editor
Bioprocesses and Biosystems Laboratory, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
Interests: solid state fermentation; filamentous fungi; anti-oxidant compounds; aroma compounds; microbial lipids; polyols; lignocellulolytic enzymes; oil cakes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During recent decades, microbial lipids (also referred to as single cell oils, microbial oils or bio-oils) have been under the spotlight since they have applications in several domains. Lipids derived from microorganisms have the potential to be used in oleochemical and biofuel industries and can also be a potential source for food supplements, due to the ability of some oleaginous microorganisms to synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as those belonging to the ω-3 and ω-6 series. Though they could be an excellent alternative to replace vegetable oils as a biofuel feedstock for biodiesel or bio-jet fuel industries—as well as for food and animal feed applications—their industrial production is still hampered by the high costs of substrates, the productivity of the obtained bio-oils and the oil extraction yields. Several efforts have been made to enhance the lipids’ yield and the efficiency of oleaginous machinery, including the optimization of culture conditions, the bioprocess strategies and the construction of engineered microbial strains. Furthermore, the exploitation of low-value raw materials as substrate for microbial lipids production has proven to be an effective cost-cutting strategy to decrease the overall process costs.

Aimed at improving the knowledge of lipids production by oleaginous microbial species (filamentous fungi, yeasts, microalgae and bacteria), this Special Issue aims to provide an up-to-date collection of significant papers, presenting the most relevant advances in this field. Researchers are invited to submit work focusing on cultivation conditions (medium composition, operational conditions, mode of operation, etc.), utilization of cheap waste materials as substrate, adaptive evolution strategies, random mutagenesis and genetically engineered strains for enhancing lipids production and for biosynthesis of specialty lipids with high added-value. Discussion on topics such as new methods for lipids quantification, cells disruption and oils extraction, modeling or kinetics of lipids profile and applications of microbial lipids are also encouraged.

Dr. Marlene Lopes
Dr. Isabel Belo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oleaginous microorganisms
  • polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • biodiesel
  • low-cost raw materials
  • operational conditions
  • modified strains
  • lipids extraction
  • lipids quantification

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2024 KiB  
Article
Pilot Scale Production of Single Cell Oil by Apiotrichum brassicae and Pichia kudriavzevii from Acetic Acid and Propionic Acid
by Lukas Burgstaller, Laura Oliver, Thomas Dietrich and Markus Neureiter
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(8), 4674; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13084674 - 7 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1593
Abstract
Volatile fatty acids can be used as a cheap carbon source for biotechnological lipid production with oleaginous yeasts, but one factor limiting their large-scale use is their inherent cytotoxicity. Developing a suitable cultivation strategy can help mitigate the adverse effect volatile fatty acids [...] Read more.
Volatile fatty acids can be used as a cheap carbon source for biotechnological lipid production with oleaginous yeasts, but one factor limiting their large-scale use is their inherent cytotoxicity. Developing a suitable cultivation strategy can help mitigate the adverse effect volatile fatty acids have, since these effects are strongly dependent on concentration and pH. This work shows that, by employing a pH-stat fed-batch approach for the cultivation of Apiotrichum brassicae V134 and Pichia kudriavzevii V194, lipid contents above 56 g/100 g dry cell weight and dry cell weight concentrations above 30 g/L can be reached. Furthermore, volumetric lipid productivities up to 0.29 g/Lh could be achieved using acetic and propionic acid as a sole carbon source. It was also demonstrated that the developed process is robust and scalable. Scale-up to the 500 L scale resulted in a similar lipid yield, dry cell weight (31–37 g/L), and single cell oil content (56 g/100 g dry cell weight–58 g/100 g dry cell weight). The main fatty acid present in the produced lipids was oleic acid (36–43%), but also odd-numbered fatty acids, especially heptadecanoic acid (7–15%), were present. Additionally, different methods for the pretreatment of biomass prior to lipid extraction were assessed, and the iodine value (48), peroxide value (7.3), and acid value (4.3) of the extracted single cell oil were determined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Lipids: Novel Advances and Applications)
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12 pages, 932 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Microbial Lipids Synthesis for Biodiesel Production by Y. lipolytica W29 from Volatile Fatty Acids: Two-Stage Batch Strategies
by Ana S. Pereira, Isabel Belo and Marlene Lopes
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(17), 8614; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178614 - 28 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1650
Abstract
Microbial lipids produced by Y. lipolytica have the potential to be used as feedstock for the biodiesel industry, but the high costs of pure substrates used for its production are limiting the potential of this application. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), obtained in anaerobic [...] Read more.
Microbial lipids produced by Y. lipolytica have the potential to be used as feedstock for the biodiesel industry, but the high costs of pure substrates used for its production are limiting the potential of this application. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), obtained in anaerobic fermentation of organic wastes, are inexpensive carbon sources for the cost-effective production of microbial lipids. In this work, two-stage batch cultures were tested as a strategy to improve lipids production by Y. lipolytica W29. The process consists of a first growth phase in glucose or glycerol, followed by a lipogenic phase in VFAs medium composed of a mixture of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. The addition of three pulses of 6 g·L−1 VFAs mixture, or a single pulse of 18 g·L−1 VFAs mixture, in the lipogenic phase boosted microbial lipids production (23–25%, w/w) and prevented lipids mobilization. Microbial lipids synthesized in such conditions are mainly composed of oleic acid (54%) with an unsaturated/saturated fraction above 78%. The main properties of biodiesel produced from Y. lipolytica W29 lipids are within the ranges of the EU biodiesel standard EN 14214. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Lipids: Novel Advances and Applications)
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