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Applied Sciences
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Enhancement of Titanium Dental Implant/Abutment Surfaces
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Enhancement of Titanium Dental Implant/Abutment Surfaces

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 16606

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Paolo Pesce

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
Interests: dental implants; implantology; surface; peri-implantitis; restorative materials; dental abutments
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maria Menini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Prosthodontics and Implant Prosthodontics, Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
Interests: dental implants; implantology; implant surface; peri-implantitis; restorative materials; dental abutments
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Francesco Pera

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CIR Dental School Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Interests: dental implants; implantology; surface; peri-implantitis; restorative materials; dental abutments

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, there has been an increased presence of new surface treatments and modifications in the world of dental implantology. The introduction of new surfaces, high-performance materials, and cleaning protocols has had a decisive impact on the daily routine of dental practice.

The aim of this Special Issue on “Enhancement of Titanium Dental Implant/Abutment Surfaces” is to collect all the latest innovations in the field of titanium implant surfaces. Reviews, clinical studies, original research articles, communications, and concept papers that are relevant to the topic will be accepted.

In particular, priority will be given to new surface treatments, implant and abutment surface modifications, and cleaning protocols.

It is our great pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript to this Special Issue.

Dr. Paolo Pesce
Dr. Maria Menini
Dr. Francesco Pera
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Implant dentistry
  • Implantology
  • Periodontics
  • Dental materials
  • Dental technology
  • Implant surface
  • Titanium
  • Titanium modification
  • Abutment

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 185 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue on Enhancement of Titanium Dental Implant/Abutment Surfaces
by Paolo Pesce, Francesco Pera and Maria Menini
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(17), 8747; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178747 - 31 Aug 2022
Viewed by 954
Abstract
In the last decades, there has been an increasing effort in enhancing the surface of dental implants and abutments, as a challenge to improve the osseointegration process and implant rehabilitation success [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancement of Titanium Dental Implant/Abutment Surfaces)

Research

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10 pages, 4252 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Fatigue Strength of a CAD-CAM Nanoceramic Resin Crown on Titanium and Zirconia-Titanium Abutments
by Lorenzo Graiff, Gianpaolo Savio, Adolfo Di Fiore, Stefano Rosso, Roberto Meneghello and Francesca Uccheddu
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1365; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031365 - 27 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1761
Abstract
A computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin block material for restoration of single-implant abutments can be milled and cemented on an optimized standard titanium abutment as a cheaper solution or, alternatively, individualization of the crown–abutment connection is required to fulfill the same mechanical requirements. [...] Read more.
A computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin block material for restoration of single-implant abutments can be milled and cemented on an optimized standard titanium abutment as a cheaper solution or, alternatively, individualization of the crown–abutment connection is required to fulfill the same mechanical requirements. The aim of this study was to evaluate how different structural and geometric configurations of the abutment influence the resistance of a nano ceramic resin crown (NCRC). During the test, 30 implants with an internal conical tapered configuration were considered. Each implant received a standard titanium abutment: in group 1, NCRCs were directly bonded to the titanium abutments; in group 2, NCRCs were cemented on a customized zirconia framework and then cemented on a standardized titanium abutment. Three crowns of each group were submitted to a static load test until failure. The remaining crowns were submitted to a fatigue test protocol with a dynamic load. The static and dynamic test showed earlier failure for group 1. In group 1, complete breaking of NCRCs was observed for all samples, with an almost total titanium abutment exposition. In the static tests, group 2 showed a mode of failure that involved only the crown, which partially debonded from the zirconia abutment. Within the limitations of the present preliminary study, it was possible to conclude that the shape of the abutment mainly influences the fatigue strength compared to the static tensile strength. The results of the performed test show that NCRC bonded to the customized zirconia abutments, and presented a 75% survival rate when compared to the same material bonded directly to a standard titanium abutment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancement of Titanium Dental Implant/Abutment Surfaces)
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15 pages, 1370 KiB  
Article
Peri-Implant Tissue Behaviour Next to Different Titanium Surfaces: 16-Year Post-Trial Follow-Up
by Francesca Delucchi, Enrico Pozzetti, Francesco Bagnasco, Paolo Pesce, Domenico Baldi, Francesco Pera, Nicolò Di Tullio, Paolo Pera and Maria Menini
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(20), 9625; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11209625 - 15 Oct 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2029
Abstract
The present post-trial follow-up investigated the influence of titanium implants with different surface treatments on clinical behavior of soft and hard peri-implant tissues. Each of the 18 included patients received at least two adjacent implants: one control implant with a dual acid-etched (DAE) [...] Read more.
The present post-trial follow-up investigated the influence of titanium implants with different surface treatments on clinical behavior of soft and hard peri-implant tissues. Each of the 18 included patients received at least two adjacent implants: one control implant with a dual acid-etched (DAE) surface in their apical portion and a machined coronal part, and one test implant with a DAE surface up to its coronal portion. Peri-implant bone level change (BLC), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque index (PI) were recorded. A total of 42 implants was inserted. The mean follow-up period was 9.3 years (range: 5–16 years) and there were six dropouts. No implant failed. Moderate crestal bone remodeling occurred during the first year after implant insertion, with lower bone loss next to test implants compared to control ones (0.80 vs. 1.39 mm; p = 0.002). This difference was also detected at the 5- (p = 0.011), 6- (p = 0.008) and 7-year follow-up appointment (p = 0.027). No statistically significant differences were found in bone resorption between implants rehabilitated with ceramic vs. composite resin veneering material. No statistically significant differences were detected between test and control implants for BOP, PI, and PD at any time point. The results of the present study suggest that DAE surfaces reduce peri-implant bone loss in the initial phase of healing compared to machined surfaces, while they do not significantly affect soft peri-implant tissue and bone maintenance in the long-term. In conclusion, the minimally rough surfaces favour peri-implant bone maintenance and their effect is greater in the first year post implant insertion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancement of Titanium Dental Implant/Abutment Surfaces)
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11 pages, 2903 KiB  
Article
Early Biological Response of an Ultra-Hydrophilic Implant Surface Activated by Salts and Dry Technology: An In-Vitro Study
by Francesco Gianfreda, Carlo Raffone, Donato Antonacci, Federico Mussano, Tullio Genova, Giorgia Chinigò, Luigi Canullo and Patrizio Bollero
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(13), 6120; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11136120 - 30 Jun 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2353
Abstract
The use of dental implants has grown over the years and has led to higher success rates. To further enhance surgical outcomes, many research groups and companies have shifted their focus to surfaces roughness, wettability and chemistry. In a recent study a new [...] Read more.
The use of dental implants has grown over the years and has led to higher success rates. To further enhance surgical outcomes, many research groups and companies have shifted their focus to surfaces roughness, wettability and chemistry. In a recent study a new dry salt bioactivate surface has been described from a chemical and physical point of view. The aim of this study is to evaluate the osteogenic response of pre-osteoblast cell lines to dry bioactivated surface. MC3T3-E1 osteogenic cell lines were cultured on SM (sandblasted and dual acid-etched surface) and HNS (SM surface with dry salts bioactive technology). Cell adhesion assay, proliferation assay and cell morphology were performed. Osteogenic activity was performed using Alizarin Red S and alkaline phosphatase. The results showed that SM surface determines a slighter but significant increase in cell adhesion and proliferation in a shorter time compared to HNS. On the contrary, HNS surface has long and intertwining filopodia that could be a response to surface HNS-topography that results in a higher stage of differentiation. The nature of the HNS surface is more prone to determine massive deposition of calcium minerals. This study is the first investigating the role of this interesting dry-salts bioactive surface during the first phase of healing and its potential biochemical advantage could be validated by future animal studies with the aim of evaluate the rate of bone implant contact in the early stages of healing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancement of Titanium Dental Implant/Abutment Surfaces)
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10 pages, 1099 KiB  
Article
Macrophagic Inflammatory Response Next to Dental Implants with Different Macro- and Micro-Structure: An In Vitro Study
by Maria Menini, Francesca Delucchi, Domenico Baldi, Francesco Pera, Francesco Bagnasco and Paolo Pesce
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(12), 5324; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125324 - 8 Jun 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2142
Abstract
(1) Background: Intrinsic characteristics of the implant surface and the possible presence of endotoxins may affect the bone–implant interface and cause an inflammatory response. This study aims to evaluate the possible inflammatory response induced in vitro in macrophages in contact with five different [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Intrinsic characteristics of the implant surface and the possible presence of endotoxins may affect the bone–implant interface and cause an inflammatory response. This study aims to evaluate the possible inflammatory response induced in vitro in macrophages in contact with five different commercially available dental implants. (2) Methods: one zirconia implant NobelPearl® (Nobel Biocare) and four titanium implants, Syra® (Sweden & Martina), Prama® (Sweden & Martina), 3iT3® (Biomet 3i) and Shard® (Mech & Human), were evaluated. After 4 h of contact of murine macrophage cells J774a.1 with the implants, the total RNA was extracted, transcribed to cDNA and the gene expression of the macrophages was evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in relation to the following genes: GAPDH, YWHAZ, IL1β, IL6, TNFα, NOS2, MMP-9, MMP-8 and TIMP3. The results were statistically analyzed and compared with negative controls. (3) Results: No implant triggered a significant inflammatory response in macrophages, although 3iT3 exhibited a slight pro-inflammatory effect compared to other samples. (4) Conclusions: All the samples showed optimal outcomes without any inflammatory stimulus on the examined macrophagic cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancement of Titanium Dental Implant/Abutment Surfaces)
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Other

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18 pages, 596 KiB  
Systematic Review
Efficacy of Instruments for Professional Oral Hygiene on Dental Implants: A Systematic Review
by Domenico Baldi, Luisa De Giorgis, Maria Menini, Franco Motta and Jacopo Colombo
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010026 - 21 Dec 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5803
Abstract
Professional oral hygiene is fundamental to prevent peri-implant disease. Appropriate instruments should be used in patients with restorations supported by dental implants: they should be effective in deposits removal without damaging the implant components surface. The aim of the present study is to [...] Read more.
Professional oral hygiene is fundamental to prevent peri-implant disease. Appropriate instruments should be used in patients with restorations supported by dental implants: they should be effective in deposits removal without damaging the implant components surface. The aim of the present study is to investigate and summarize the results regarding the efficacy of oral hygiene techniques described in the literature in the last 10 years in patients rehabilitated with dental implants not affected by perimplantitis. The present systematic review was conducted according to guidelines reported in the indications of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The focused question was: “Which are the most effective instruments for professional oral hygiene on implants not affected by perimplantitis?”. The initial database search yielded a total of 934 entries found in PubMed®/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library. After full text review and application of the eligibility criteria, the final selection consisted of 19 articles. The risk of bias of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa scale (NOS) and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Curette, scalers and air polishing were the devices most frequently investigated in the included studies. In particular, glycine powder air polishing appeared to be significantly effective in reducing peri-implant inflammation and plaque around implants. The application of the more recent erythritol powder air polishing also yielded good clinical outcomes. Further studies are needed to improve the knowledge on the topic in order to develop standardized protocols and understand the specific indications for different types of implant-supported rehabilitations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancement of Titanium Dental Implant/Abutment Surfaces)
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